晶须定向分布SiCw/6A02复合材料的压缩变形行为

通过考察晶须呈定向排列的SiCw/6A02复合材料压缩变形期间的晶须取向和长度的变化，研究了复合材料变形期间的应力应变行为。结果表明，变形期间晶须的转动和折断导致的加工软化和基体合金的加工硬化，共同决定复合材料的压缩应力—应变行为。     

晶须转动及其对SiC_W／Al－Ni复合材料高温压缩变形流变应力的影响

本文测定了ＳｉＣＷ／Ａｌ－Ｎｉ复合材料高温压缩变形的应力－应变曲线，讨论了该种复合材料高温压缩变形时所表现出的应变软化现象，利用ＳＥＭ观察了ＳｉＣＷ／Ａｌ－Ｎｉ复合材料在高温压缩变形中晶须的转动，并对晶须长轴的取向分布函数及其与复合材料压缩流变应力之间的关系进行了较为详细的研究．研究结果表明，在压缩变形过程中，ＳｉＣＷ晶须的长轴要发生转动，并趋向垂直于压缩方向分布，晶须取向的重新分布是造成复合材料应变软化的主要原因．     

挤压Mg-Li-Zn-Ce-Y-Zr合金的热变形行为

在温度T=250~450℃,应变速率为0.001~10s-1的条件下,利用Gleeble-3500热模拟试验机对挤压Mg-7.8%Li-4.6%Zn-0.96%Ce-0.85%Y-0.30Zr合金进行高温热压缩试验,分析流变应力曲线特点。合金的流变应力曲线表现出动态再结晶特征,动态再结晶是热变形过程中的主要软化机制。流变应力峰值随温度的降低和应变速率的增大而升高。稀土相化合物和α相促进β相的动态再结晶,使α相再结晶减缓。在热变形过程中动态再结晶迅速,流变应力曲线表现为临界应变较小,加工硬化迅速被动态软化所掩盖。     

铸态ER8车轮钢的热变形行为及本构模型研究

采用Gleeble-1500D热模拟试验机,在变形温度为900～1250℃、应变速率为0.001～1 s-1的条件下对铸态ER8车轮钢进行热压缩试验,得到真应力-真应变曲线.结果发现:其真应力-真应变曲线符合动态再结晶型软化机制,变形初始阶段,材料发生硬化,真应力快速增加,随着变形的继续,材料发生动态回复,加工硬化速率...     

Cu-Cr-Zr合金高温热变形行为

为研究Cu-Cr-Zr合金的高温热变形行为,建立Cu-Cr-Zr合金的高温本构模型,采用Gleeble-1500D热模拟实验机对该合金进行不同变形条件下的热压缩实验。实验参数为:变形量60%、应变速率0. 1~5 s-1、变形温度650~900℃。实验结果表明:变形初始阶段加工硬化大于动态软化作用,使得应力值迅速增大至峰值,之后动态软化大于加工硬化作用,使得应力值降低至一定程度再趋于平稳。通过对Cu-Cr-Zr合金应力-应变曲线的变化规律进行分析可得,低应变速率和高变形温度都会促进合金动态再结晶的程度。利用计算软件对实验数据进行计算和整理,将由线性拟合所得数值代入Arrhenius本构模型,可得Cu-Cr-Zr合金的本构模型。     

Al-Mg-Si 合金的高温流变过程动态再结晶研究

采用热力模拟试验机对Al-0.83Mg-0.59Si铝合金进行热压缩实验,研究了变形温度300～500 ℃、变形速率0.001～10 s-1下材料的动态再结晶行为。实验得到Al 0.83Mg 0.59Si合金在300～500 ℃变形时,软化机制以动态再结晶为主;流变应力会随着变形温度的降低和变形速率的升高而升高,较低变形速率下,动态再结晶行为更充分,应力软化现象更明显。统计实验所得流变应力曲线数据,建立了热变形本构方程,确定了合金热变形激活能Q为480.243 kJ/mol 。基于加工硬化率曲线,建立了其动态再结晶临界应变模型。结果表明,Al-0.83Mg-0.59Si铝合金的流变应力随温度的升高和变形速率的降低而降低,动态再结晶是其主要的软化机制。临界应力与峰值应力存在线性关系：σc=0.85σp-5.061 58。引入Zener Hollomon参数来描述变形条件对临界条件的影响,得到临界应变与Z参数的关系为：εc=0.000 134Z0.051 64。     

近α型、(α+β)型和近β型钛合金的高温力学性能

研究了近α型TA15和Ti60、(α＋β)型TC21和近β型TB17钛合金在100、400、500、600、650和700 ℃时的高温力学性能。结果表明,温度在100~500 ℃时,TB17合金的高温强度最高,TA15合金的高温强度最低,TC21合金的高温强度高于Ti60合金;当温度超过600 ℃后,TB17合金的高温性能变化幅度最大,强度最低,Ti60合金的变化幅度最小,强度最高,TC21合金的强度介于TA15与Ti60合金之间,并逐渐与TA15合金接近;当温度在100 ℃时,4种合金应变硬化和应变软化作用相当,应力-应变曲线处于较为平衡的状态;当温度在400 ℃时,TB17合金变形以应变软化为主,应力随着应变增加显著降低;当温度在600 ℃时,TC21和TA15合金变形也开始以应变软化为主,但TA15合金应力的下降幅度低于TC21合金;直到温度在650 ℃时,Ti60合金变形才以应变软化为主。     

Effect of cold-rolling on tensile strength of SiCw/Al composite

SiCw/Al composite was fabricated through a squeeze cast route and cold rolled to about 30%, 50% and 70% re-duction in thickness, respectively. The length of whiskers in the composite before and after rolling was examined using SEM. Some of the rolled composites were recrystallization annealed to remove the work hardening of matrix alloy. The tensile strength of the rolled and annealed SiCw/Al composites was examined and then associated with the change of the whisker length and the work hardening of matrix alloy. It was found that the tensile strength is a function of the degree of cold rolling. For the cold rolled composites, with the increase in the degree of cold rolling, the tensile strength increases at first, and decreases when the degree of cold rolling exceeds 50%. For the annealed ones, however, the tensile strength de-creases monotonously with the increase in rolling degree. The different changes in tensile strength between the rolled and annealed composites could be attributed to the result of     

基于人工神经网络的ZK60镁合金热压缩变形行为

在变形温度为200～400℃、应变速率为0.001～1s-1条件下,对ZK60镁合金进行热压缩实验,建立一个单隐层前馈误差反向传播人工神经网络模型,研究该镁合金的流变行为。模型的输入参数分别为变形温度、应变速率和应变,输出为流变应力,中间隐含层包含23个神经元,并采用Levenberg-Marquardt算法对此网络模型进行训练。结果表明:ZK60镁合金的流变应力随变形温度升高和应变速率降低而减小;其高温压缩流变应力曲线可描述为加工硬化、过渡、软化和稳态流变4个阶段,但在较高温度和较低应变速率时,过渡阶段不很明显;所建神经网络模型可以很好地描述ZK60镁合金的流变应力,其预测值与实验值吻合很好;利用该模型预测的变形温度和应变速率对流变应力的影响结果与一般热加工理论所得结果一致。     

CONSTITUTIVE RELATIONSHIP OF SUPERALLOY IN718

ＣＯＮＳＴＩＴＵＴＩＶＥＲＥＬＡＴＩＯＮＳＨＩＰＯＦＳＵＰＥＲＡＬＬＯＹＩＮ７１８Ｊ．Ｍ．Ｚｈａｎｇ;Ｌ．Ｚ．Ｍａ;Ｊ．Ｙ．Ｚｈｕａｎｇ;Ｑ．Ｄｅｎｇ;Ｊ．ＨＤｕａｎｄＺ．ＹＺｈｏｎｇ（ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＳｕｐｅｒａｌｌｏｙｓ,ＣｅｎｔｒａｌＩ...     

铸态AZ80镁合金高温热变形行为研究

在Gleeble-1500热模拟机上对铸态AZ80镁合金在应变速率为0.005s-1~5s-1、变形温度为200℃~400℃条件下的高温热压缩变形行为进行了研究。结果表明,材料真应力-真应变曲线呈现动态再结晶特征。在温度T≥250℃,试样流变应力行为对应变速率敏感;在低温下T=200℃,应变速率对流变应力影响不大。高温下试样流变应力符合幂指数函数关系,应力指数n为6,热变形激活能Q为220kJ/mol。在高应变速率条件下,试样在变形中的温升是应变量的函数。实验中,Zener-Hollomon参数值大的试样温升明显,而Zener-Hollomon值小的试样变形温度基本保持不变。     

DEVELOPMENT OF CONSTITUTE EQUATIONS FOR Ti-6Al-4V ALLOY UNDER HOT-WORKING CONDITION

1.~nonNumericalmodelingofindustrialplasticdeformationprocesseshasbecomeafieldofveryactiveresearchinthepastfewyears.ForthefullpotentialeXPloitingofthismethod,itisessentialtogetthepreciseknowledgeofconstitutivebehaviorofthematerial.Severalpapershavedevotedtotheestablishingofgeneralconstitutiveeqllationsfordescribingtheflowstressofthematerialasafunctionoftheprocessparameterssuchasstrain,strainrate,andtemperature['--7).Theseparametersareoftencalculatedforpeakstressvalueonly,becausemanymodelsassum…     

工业纯钛TA1的双道次热压缩变形及软化行为

在Gleeble-3500热模拟试验机上对工业纯钛TA1进行单、双道次等温热压缩试验,变形温度为650~850 ℃,道次间隙时间为1~60 s,变形速率为10 s^-1,研究了工业纯钛TA1单、双道次热压缩过程中静态软化和动态软化行为。利用光学显微镜对变形后的微观组织进行观察,研究了工业纯钛TA1在不同变形条件下的微观组织演变。结果表明,工业纯钛TA1在单、双道次热压缩变形过程中表现出明显的硬化和软化行为,峰值应力前表现为加工硬化,峰值应力后表现为加工软化,最终达到动态软化和加工硬化的动态平衡。在道次间隙时间内发生静态软化,静态软化程度随着道次间隙时间的增加和温度的升高而增大。随着道次间隙时间的延长和温度的升高,道次间再结晶更加充分,第二道次变形后晶粒尺寸增加更明显,当发生完全再结晶时,软化程度达到最大。在热压缩变形期间,发生动态软化,650 ℃和750 ℃时以动态再结晶为主,850 ℃时以动态回复为主。     

不同热处理状态Al-Mg-Si合金的热压缩力学行为及微观组织

利用Gleeble-3500热模拟试验机对不同热处理状态的Al-Mg-Si合金进行了高温压缩试验,研究了变形温度为100～400℃和应变速率为0.01 s-1条件下固溶态和时效态合金的热压缩流变行为.结果表明:合金在压缩变形过程中主要经历了应变硬化和稳态变形两个阶段.流变应力随变形温度的升高而下降,同一变形温度下,时效...     

Modeling of Work Hardening During Hot Rolling of Vanadium and Niobium Microalloyed Steels in the Low Temperature Austenite Region

This work extends the application of the well-established Estrin and Mecking (EM) work-hardening model in unstable low temperature austenite region. The interaction between work hardening, recovery and softening attributed to recrystallization and transformation to ferrite under dynamic conditions is considered. Experimental parameters were varied to study the effects of strain, strain rate and temperature during hot rolling in the low temperature austenite region. Hot compression tests were performed two microalloyed steels—one containing V and the other Nb—at strain rates between 0.1 and 10 s^?1 over a temperature range of 750-1000 °C. A model is presented that describes the influence of dynamic recovery on flow behavior in the unstable austenite region. The modified work-hardening model incorporates an additional fitting parameter to the EM model and is dependent on the recovery and softening rates. The new model improved prediction in the unstable austenite region, while the original EM model gave better correlation at relatively higher temperatures when dynamic recrystallization is dominant or at relatively lower temperatures when only dynamic recrystallization to ferrite was the softening mechanism.     

ZA27合金的热变形及加工图

采用Gleeble-1500热模拟实验机进行热压缩试验,研究ZA27合金的热变形行为,在变形温度为200~350℃、应变速率为0.01~5 s-1、工程应变为60%,基于Murty准则,建立ZA27合金的加工图。结果表明:流变应力随变形温度的升高而减小,随应变速率的提高而增大;在变形温度为200~210℃、应变速率为0.01~0.1 s-1和变形温度为250~350℃、应变速率为1~5 s-1的2个区域内易产生流变失稳现象;动态再结晶是导致流变软化及稳态流变的主要原因,ZA27合金的安全热加工区域的变形温度在250~350℃之间、应变速率在0.1~1 s-1之间。     

铸造A356铝合金的高速热变形行为

文章针对铸造A356铝合金在高速热变形条件下的变形行为开展研究。采用等温热压缩实验,获得了铸态A356合金在温度范围为300℃~450℃,应变速率范围为0.1s-1~50s-1下的流动应力曲线,并对曲线进行了摩擦影响的修正。实验结果表明,铸态A356合金在实验条件范围内的变形机制主要为动态回复,基于动态回复条件下的位错演化理论建立的A356合金的本构方程,可以很好的预测高速热变形时的热变形行为。     

超高强度钢热流变行为

热冲压成形工艺是将冲压成形工艺和淬火工艺集成在同一工序中进行的新型成形工艺。根据热冲压工艺的时间-温度特征,采用Gleeble3800热模拟系统,在温度600℃~800℃和应变速率0.01/s~0.5/s下,对热冲压钢板USIBOR1500进行热拉伸实验,获得了相应的应力-应变曲线,并利用最小二乘法进行多元线性回归,建立USI-BOR1500钢板的热变形抗力数学模型。结果表明,USIBOR1500钢的热变形行为符合应变硬化加动态回复机制,变形温度和应变速率对其力学性能有很大的影响,变形温度的影响更为强烈。在热变形情况下,USIBOR1500钢板的抗拉强度大幅下降。建立的数学模型与实验数据吻合较好。     

Characteristics of High-Temperature Deformation Behavior of Ti-45Al-2Cr-3Ta-0.5W Alloy

High-temperature deformation behavior tests of as-cast Ti-45Al-2Cr-3Ta-0.5W alloy were conducted over a wide range of strain rates (0.001-1.0 s^?1) and temperatures (1150-1300 °C). The flow curves for the current alloy exhibited sharp peaks at low strain levels, followed by pronounced work hardening and flow localization at high strain levels. Phenomenological analysis of the strain rate and temperature dependence of peak stress data yielded an average value of the strain rate sensitivity equal to 0.25 and an apparent activation energy of ~420 kJ/mol. Processing maps were established under different deformation conditions, and the optimal condition for hot work on this material was determined to be 1250 °C/0.001 s^?1. The stable deformation region was also found to decrease with increasing strain. Dynamic recrystallization (DRX) was the major softening mechanism controlling the growth of grains at the grain boundary. Meanwhile, local globularization and dynamic recovery (DR) were the main softening mechanisms in the lamellar colony. When deformed at higher temperatures (~1300 °C), the cyclic DRX and DR appeared to dominate the deformation. Moreover, the evolution of the β phase during hot deformation played an important role in the dynamic softening of the alloy.     

Hot Deformation Behavior and Workability of(SiC_p + Mg_2B_2O_(5w))/6061 Al Hybrid and SiC_p/6061 Al Composites

The hot deformation behavior of(3 vol%SiC_p + 3 vol%Mg_2B_2O_(5w))/6061 Al(W_3P_3) hybrid composite and6 vol%SiCp/6061 Al(P_6) composite have been characterized in the temperature range of 300-450 ℃ and strain rate range of 0.0001-0.1 s~(-1) using isothermal constant true strain rate tests.The flow behavior and processing maps have been investigated using the corrected data to eliminate the effect of friction.Under the same deformation conditions,the compressive resistance of the singular composite remains superior to that of the hybrid composites.The processing map of W_3P_3 hybrid composite exhibits a single hot working domain at the temperature between 350 and 450 ℃ with strain rate between 0.0001 and 0.003 s~(-1)(domain A).Two hot working domains exist for P_6 composite:(i) 300-400 ℃/0.0001-0.003 s~(-1)(domain Bl);(ii) 380-450 ℃/0.01-0.1 s~(-1)(domain B2).The processing maps also reveal the flow instability of the two composites,which is associated with whiskers breakage,whisker/matrix interfacial debonding,SiCp/matrix interfacial decohesion,adiabatic shear bands or flow localization,and wedge cracking in the corresponding regions.The estimated apparent activation energies are about 224 kJ mol~(-1) in domain A for W3P3 hybrid composite,177 kJ mol~(-1) in domain Bl and 263 kJ mol~(-1) in domain B2 for P_6 composite,respectively.These values are higher than that for self-diffusion in Al(142 kJ mol~(-1)),suggesting that there is a significant contribution from the back stress caused by the presence of particles and/or whiskers in the matrix.The deformation mechanisms corresponding to domain Bl and domain B2 are dislocation climb controlled creep and cross-slip for P_6 composite,respectively.For W_3P_3 hybrid composite,the deformation mechanisms contain dislocation climb controlled creep and grain boundary sliding caused by DRX in domain A.