清水溪治污工程D4标段排污管道的快速施工技术

本文结合清水溪污水治理工程的实际,介绍了排污管道通过人口密集和河床等特殊地段的施工方案、施工方法和快速施工技术,对地下管网的施工。尤其是对主城区复杂条件下的施工具有一定的借鉴和参考作用。     

延长油田联合站间歇性污水处理工艺改造

延长油田某联合站污水处理系统上午处于停运状态,而下午高负荷运转,导致污水处理系统间歇运行,处理难度大,效果差。通过技术改造,采用适应抗冲击力强的污水处理工艺,解决了间歇性污水处理效果差的问题,出水达到含油量≤3 mg/L、悬浮物≤2 mg/L、粒径中值≤2μm的注水水质标准,同时污水处理费用由5. 6元/m³降至5. 2元/m³。     

合流制系统污水厂的污水总管设计方案比选

上海市污水治理三期工程B块污水排放系统由两港污水截流系统、总管输送系统、竹园第二污水处理厂三部分工程组成。其服务的地区大部分为合流制排水系统地区,旱天污水量与雨天截流污水量的变化幅度很大,相应的水位变化幅度亦很大。污水输送总管和两港中途泵站、浦东北路中途泵站、污水厂进水泵房、污水厂分配井需在这种条件下运行。污水总管设计通过三种方案比较,寻求它们之间的最佳水力关系,从而确定推荐方案。     

A survey of the boron content of certain waters of the Greater London area using a novel analytical method

Natural levels of boron, (as boric acid), in the aquatic environment have been raised artificially in certain areas by sewage effluents. Boron is present in sewage effluent by virtue of the use of sodium perborate as a whitener in washing powders. A novel analytical method based on the solvent extraction of ferroin borodisalicylate was used in a survey of various types of sewage, sewage effluent and natural waters in the London area. The method was found to be satisfactory under all conditions. The data obtained will be useful in water resource planning and indicated that the concentration of boron in a watercourse may be used, under certain conditions, to determine the degree of dilution of sewage effluent in that watercourse.     

邯郸市排水系统运行状况分析

从排水管网、排水泵站和污水处理设施三方面阐述了邯郸市城市排水系统运行中存在的问题,从污水管道渗漏、汛期道路和下穿立交桥下积水影响交通、雨污水混流污染水体、污水漫溢污染环境、污水排放量统计、污水厂升级改造、污水厂剩余污泥对周边环境的影响及再生水利用等方面进行了分析,并提出了相应的解决措施.     

季节性气温变化对污水处理厂运行效果的影响

根据太原某污水处理厂实际运行效果和化验数据,分析由于太原市不同季节的气候和温度变化对污水处理厂生物池运行效果与有机物去除率的影响,并通过调整污水处理工艺,从而得出了在不同季节下污水处理工艺更好的运行效果。     

滨河带真空截污工程设计与效果监测

基于北市河滨河带入河排污口污水排放量及地形地质调研,设计了北市河真空截污工程,并进行了效果监测。监测结果表明,系统每小时负压漏损率<5%,收集污水量为50～220m3/d;系统室内突发噪声最大为91.9 dB,室外为70.3 dB,达到企业及城市区域标准,泵站周边未检出H2S、NH3,系统不存在噪声及臭气问题;从经济投资及截污效果看,真空排水系统不宜在常规条件下进行推广,而应该作为重力排水系统的补充在特殊地形地质等区域进行推广使用。     

武汉市老城区污水收集系统改扩建工程设计探讨

通过对武汉市龙王嘴地区污水管网系统全面调查、分析,提出了污水收集系统改扩建的总体设想,进行了项目排水体制的选择,同时还详细介绍了在现状道路下敷设污水管道的设计、施工注意事项,对类似城市的老城区污水收集系统改扩建有一定的借鉴作用。     

The load of infectious micro-organisms in the waste water of two south african hospitals

Counts of micro-organisms including infectious bacteria, viruses and parasite ova in the waste water of two hospitals were compared with those in city sewage. One of these is an isolation hospital with stringent disinfection procedures. Counts of all the organisms tested, except Pseudomonas aeruginosa, were lower in the waste water of this hospital than in the sewage effluent of the town in which it is located. The other hospital is a general hospital with less stringent disinfection procedures. Counts of some organisms were slightly higher in the waste water of this hospital than in the sewage effluent of the city in which it is located. The results obtained indicated that under normal conditions the waste water of hospitals needs no treatment before disposal into city sewers. The disposal of primary treated hospital effluents into streams or their use for irrigation should, however, be considered with care.     

耕作层下土地自然净化技术处理村镇生活污水

耕作层下土地自然净化技术通过对土地的综合利用,在上部种植蔬菜、农作物和观赏植物,下部处理污水,使土地"用而不占,综合利用",既可达到处理污水的目的,又能产生可观的经济效益.根据青岛市莱西市河头店镇东大寨村的水质、水量变化特点,确定污水站设计水量为150 m3/d,厌氧生物滤池停留时间为26 h,生物接触氧化池停留时间为7.8 h,高效土地处理系统水力负荷为133 L/(m2·d).污水处理站的吨水建设费用为2 000～3 000元/m3,运行费用为0.15～0.20元/m3,对COD、TN、TP和氨氮的去除率分别为(45%～82%)、(45.3%～53.1%)、(61.7%～67.6%)和(18%～45.6%),出水水质满足<城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准>(GB 18918-2002)的一级B标准.     

Japanese Sewage Sludge Treatment, Utilization and Disposal – Report on IWEM/JSWA Technology Exchange Programme, November 1991

The report describes visits made as part of a mission to Japan which included, under the IWEM/JSWA Technology Exchange Programme, a Technical Workshop on sewage sludge technology held in Tokyo on 11–18 November 1991.     

微生物方法去除污水污泥中重金属的试验研究

大量的重金属离子使得污水污泥在农用过程中产生了副作用。对投加硫酸亚铁盐和硫作为培养基质、污泥的不同投配比、有无接种污泥的条件下利用微生物去除污泥中重金属的效果作了试验研究，表明不同条件下培养的微生物对重金属均有较好的去除效果，并对试验结果进行了讨论。     

Review Article

This paper addresses itself to a problem that faces all cities but which was — and was seen to be — an ever more grave one for the burgeoning cities of nineteenth century Europe: environmental pollution. This problem — and in particular sewage which is the focus of the article — has as yet been little studied by historians. The paper shows, first, that in Paris in the period 1750–1850 the city was confronted by rapidly increasing quantities of sewage and that for complex cultural, class and scientific reasons Parisian elites came to perceive sewage removal as a problem that required solution and to adopt a series of strategies to do so. It shows, secondly, that the city's administration brought about changes which were of greater import than those effected under Haussmann in the 1850s and 1860s. The limits to what it could do were imposed not by short‐sightedness or parsimony, but by long‐term structural constraints of different orders, attitudinal, technological, power relationships in the capitalist city.     

污水灌溉技术在土地处理中的应用

介绍了污水处理的作用原理和污水土地处理系统,阐述了污水土地处理技术应用的优点,并提出了应用污水土地处理系统应注意的问题,指出污水灌溉新技术的发展与传统污水处理技术相结合可大大提高污水处理的能力,从而为污水土地处理系统的广泛应用提供了技术支持。     

生活污水分类收集处理的探讨

对上海市某小区开展了连续12个月的分类排水的调查分析,目的是为生活污水源分离、分质处理与回用提供技术支持。研究表明,我国南方地区的黑水、灰水、厨房废水、洗浴废水的水质特点突出,随时间和季节性的变化趋势明显。黑水中的主要污染物浓度最高,洗浴废水最低;除了洗浴废水的可生化性较差外,其他种类的废水可生化性较好,B/C值达到0.4左右。研究认为,我国北方地区可将厨房废水归类为灰水,与盥洗、洗浴、洗衣等污水混合排放和处理;南方地区的厨房废水可纳入黑水管道一并收集、处理和资源化利用。     

Sea-Water Infiltration: The Dramatic Corrosion of Ductile-Iron Rising Mains

Repeated failures of a ductile-iron sewage rising main, after only three years' use, led to an investigation into the cause of the problem. Of particular concern was the fact that a pipe failed at an operating pressure of less than a quarter of its nominal 40-bar rating after such a short period. Serious internal corrosion, concentrated along the soffit of the rising main, resulted in tensile failure under pressure.
An analysis of the sewage revealed high concentrations of chloride and sulphate, resulting from major infiltration of sea water into the sewerage system.
The combination of the high concentrations of inorganic sulphates, and the presence of sulphate-reducing bacteria normally found in domestic sewage, is believed to have resulted in the production of a large concentration of hydrogen sulphide which was then oxidized to sulphuric acid by air entrained at the pumping station.     

掺粉煤灰混凝土耐城市污水侵蚀性能的研究

根据上海城市污水实际组分,配制高浓度人工污水作为腐蚀介质,采用应力腐蚀和干湿交替循环快速腐蚀试验方法,对掺粉煤灰的Ｃ３５,Ｃ５０混凝土及水泥砂浆进行侵蚀试验。研究表明,混凝土中掺入粉煤灰后,在人工污水中的荷载作用下应力腐蚀、强度损失、膨胀率及钢筋阻锈性能均有显著改善。     

The decomposition of sewage sludge in seawater

Laboratory experiments were conducted over a 12 week period to follow the decomposition of sewage sludge in seawater and in sediment-seawater mixtures under aerobic and anaerobic conditions at 4° and 21°C. Results showed that the sewage sludge decomposed more rapidly in the presence of oxygen. Dissolved organic carbon, a major carbon source in sewage sludge, abruptly decreased to very low concentrations in 3–4 weeks in aerobic systems; concentrations of particulate carbon decreased only gradually during the 12 week period. Aerobic conditions at the sewage sludge dump site in the New York Bight apex can promote rapid decomposition of sewage sludge if it is distributed evenly over an area of at least 5.2 km² (2 miles).     

Biodegradability determinations via unspecific analyses (chemical oxygen demand, dissolved organic carbon) in coupled units of the oecd confirmatory test—I. The test

A method was developed which allows the determination of COD and/or DOC elimination rates of organic materials in the OECD Confirmatory Test, i.e., under realistic sewage treatment conditions at interesting and realistic test concentrations. A statistical justification for the test is provided.     

斜底式排污节能沼气池实验研究

沼气是中国农业规划大力发展的可再生能源,但常规情况下,温度偏低严重制约了沼气的产量,为解决沼气池使用过程中残料清理和料液温度偏低的问题,自行设计了一种斜底式自动排污沼气池.应用斜底式自动排污沼气池模型,以学校食堂废弃热水作为热源,对沼气池内料液进行加温实验.实验目的在于验证新型沼气池的排污效果和加温后沼气产量的变化,结果表明：斜底式沼气池可实现自动排出残料功能,节省了人力排污操作;通过废弃热水加温后,沼气产气量比常温时增加80%左右.