China No Longer Implements Export Commodities Inspection for Tire and Other Rubber Products

To implement the relevant requirements of promoting export steady growth,adjusting the structure by the State Council,according to Law of the People’s Republic of China on Import and Export Commodity Inspection and relevant provisions of its implementing regulations,on Aug.1,the General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine of the People’s republic of China,General Administration of Customs jointly issued the announcement(No.109,2013),with the decision of making adjustment of the Catalogue of     

Abstracts from Naihuo Cailiao （ Refractories ）——A Chinese-Language Bimonthly

Effect of ultra-fine dolomite on physical property of corundum-spinel castables;Influence of AlN on property of Al2O3-C material;Effect of TiO2 addition on sintering and microstructure of magnesia-alumina-titania refractories;Effects of NaBr-KCl and different carbon sources on synthesis of Ti （ C, N ） powder;Comparison of corrosion resistance of magnesiazirconia brick and magnesia-chrome brick to RH furnace slag.     

The role of the symmetry and the flexibility of the anion on the characteristics of the nanostructures and the viscosities of ionic liquids☆

The transport properties of ionic liquids (ILs) are crucial properties in view of their applications in electrochem-ical devices. One of the most important advantages of ILs is that their chemical–physical properties and conse-quently their bulk performances can be well tuned by optimizing the chemical structures of their ions. This will require elucidating the structural features of the ions that fundamentally determine the characteristics of the nanostructures and the viscosities of ILs. Here we showed for the first time that the“rigidity”, the order, and the compactness of the three-dimensional ionic networks generated by the anions and the cation head groups determine the formation and the sizes of the nanostructures in the apolar domains of ILs. We also found that the properties of ionic networks are governed by the conformational flexibility and the symmetry of the anion and/or the cation head group. The thermal stability of the nanostructures of ILs was shown to be con-trolled by the sensitivity of the conformational equilibrium of the anion to the change of temperature. We showed that the viscosity of ILs is strongly related to the symmetry and the flexibility of the constitute ions rather than to the size of the nanostructures of ILs. Therefore, the characteristics of the nanostructures and the viscosities of ILs, especially the thermal stability of the nanostructures, can be fine-tuned by tailoring the symmetry and the conformational flexibility of the anion.     

分子动力学模拟研究盐离子对十二烷基硫酸钠胶束溶液中亲水亲油协调机制的影响

The presence of salt has a profound effect on the size, shape and structure of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) micelles. There have been a great number of experiments on SDS micelles in the presence and absence of salt to study this complex problem. Unfortunately, it is not clear yet how electrolyte ions influence the structure of micelles. By describing the compromise between dominant mechanisms, a simplified atomic model of SDS in presence of salt has been developed and the molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of two series of systems with different concentrations of salt and charges of ion have been performed. Polydispersity of micelle size is founded at relatively high concentration of SDS and low charge of cation. Although the counter-ion pairs with head groups are formed, the transition of micelle shape is not observed because the charge of cation is not enough to neutralize the polar of micelle surface.     

等离子条件下废轮胎与生物质的共热解

The gaseous products of co-pyrolysis of waste tires and biomass under DC arc plasma condition were investigated. The results showed that the volumetric concentration of acetylene in carbon-containing gases obtained when waste tires, biomass and coal were separately pyrolyzed was 14.6%, 13.7% and 10.6% respectively when the parameters experimental run were 150 A of electric current, 310 V of voltage, 2.0 m^3 · h^-1 of flux of argon, 0.65 m^3 · h^-1 of flux of main hydrogen, 0.4 m^3 ·h^-1 of flux of auxiliary hydrogen and 5.0 × 10^-4 kg · s^-1 of feed rate. Under the same condition, the volumetric concentration of acetylene in carbon-containing gases produced from the mixtures of biomass and waste tires when the mass ratio of biomass and waste tire was 1/2 increased obviously, nearly 2--3 times that of tires or biomass pyrolyzed separately. The concentration of acetylene was closely related to the volatile matter and the amount of oxygen. In addition, the possible mechanism of the pyrolysis occurred under plasma condition was proposed.     

NONUNIFORMITY OF TWO PHASE FLOW IN CAPILLARY SYSTEMS

Gas-liquid flow in simple systems consisting of capillaries is analyzed by theory of irreversible thermodynamics so as to shed light on induction of nonuniformity of multiphase flow. By the Prigogine's theorem of minimum entropy production, stability of uniform two-phase flow and possible transition to nonuniform distribution are discussed. The analysis of model systems suggests potential application of irreversible thermodynamics to research of multiphase hydrodynamics in chemical reactors.     

The Customs Carries out Inspection on Import of Compounded Rubber on February 1

正On December 29,2015,the General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China and the General Administration of Customs of the People's Republic of China released the announcement concerning the adjustment of the Catalogue for Enter-Exit Goods that shall be Inspected and Quarantined by Enter-exit Inspection and Quarantine Authorities,it adjusted the import of compounded rubber as A-class supervision     

ABSTRACT

Synthesis of Multiple Super Absorbent Polymer through Graft Copolymerization of Carboxymethyl Cellulose
In this article, the graft copolymerization of acrylic acid, acrylamide and butyl methacrylate onto carboxymethyl cellulose is studied with the aim of synthesizing super absorbent polymer （SAP） , the main purpose is to improve absorbency of SAP by the cooperative action of different kinds of hydrophilic groups. Optimization of synthetic conditions is studied emphatically;, and the structure of the product is characterized; besides, absorbency and water retention capability of SAP are also determined. According to the results of SEM, absorbency and water retention capability of SAP are improved greatly because of a lot of crevasse cracks, pores and bedded structure are appeared on the surface of the product Many property-tests show that good absorbency and Water retention capability of SAP are observed. Key words： carboxylmethyl cellulose; vinyl monomer, graft copolymerization; SAP     

Quantifying growth and breakage of agglomerates in fluid-particle flow using discrete particle method

The cohesive solids in liquid flows are featured by the dynamic growth and breakage of agglomerates, and the difficulties in the development, design and optimization of these systems are related to this significant feature.In this paper, discrete particle method is used to simulate a solid–liquid flow system including millions of cohesive particles, the growth rate and breakage rate of agglomerates are then systematically investigated. It was found that the most probable size of the agglomerates is determined by the balance of growth and breakage of the agglomerates the cross point of the lines of growth rate and breakage rate as a function of the particle numbers in an agglomerate, marks the most stable agglomerate size. The finding here provides a feasible way to quantify the dynamic behaviors of growth and breakage of agglomerates, and therefore offers the possibility of quantifying the effects of agglomerates on the hydrodynamics of fluid flows with cohesive particles.     

Statistical mechanics and artificial intelligence to model the thermodynamic properties of pure and mixture of ionic liquids

In this paper, the volumetric properties of pure and mixture of ionic liquids are predicted using the developed statistical mechanical equation of state in different temperatures, pressures and mole fractions. The temperature dependent parameters of the equation of state have been calculated using corresponding state correlation based on only the density at 298.15 K as scaling constants. The obtained mean of deviations of modified equation of state for density of al pure ionic liquids for 1662 data points was 0.25%. In addition, the performance of the arti-ficial neural network (ANN) with principle component analysis (PCA) based on back propagation training with 28 neurons in hidden layer for predicting of behavior of binary mixtures of ionic liquids was investigated. The AADs of a col ection of 568 data points for al binary systems using the EOS and the ANN at various temperatures and mole fractions are 1.03%and 0.68%, respectively. Moreover, the excess molar volume of all binary mixtures is predicted using obtained densities of EOS and ANN, and the results show that these properties have good agree-ment with literature.     

A comprehensive study of two-phase flow and heat transfer of water/Ag nanofluid in an elliptical curved minichannel

In this research, laminar flow and heat transfer of two-phase water/Ag nanofluid with 0–6% volume fraction of nanoparticles at Re = 150–700 in a curved geometry are simulated using finite volume method. Studied geometry is an elliptical curved minichannel with curvature angle of 180°. Forced and natural flow of two-phase nanofluid is simulated at Gr = 15000, 35000 and 75000. For estimation of nanofluid flow behavior, two-phase mixture method is used. The second-order discretization and SIMPLEC algorithm are used for solving governing equations. The results indicate that the increase of volume fraction of nanoparticles leads to the enhancement of the temperature of central line of flow. The increase of Grashof number(Gr ～75000) has a great effect on reduction of dimensionless temperature in central line of flow. Creation of thermal boundary layer at Re = 500 and after the angle of 30° becomes significant. In low Grashof numbers(Gr ～15000), due to the great effects of temperature gradients close to wall, these regions have significant entropy generation.     

碱木质素的微波氧化降解(英文)

The effects of oxidant dosage,oxidation temperature and time on the degradation of soda lignin by hydrogen peroxide with and without the presence of microwave irradiation were investigated.It is found that the oxidative degradation of lignin includes the cleavage of ether bond inβ-O-4 structure,the partial destruction of aromatic ring,and the re-condensation of the degraded lignin.Compared to the conventionally heated oxidation of lignin,the microwave irradiation efficiently facilitates the degradation of the lignin with high molecular weight and the re-condensation of that with low molecular weight at a low oxidant dosage,low oxidation temperature,or a short oxidation time,which leads to the formation of the degraded lignin with narrower molecular weight distribution and lower molecular weight.Additionally,the lignin degraded in the presence of microwave irradiation has the characteristics of higher content of phenolic hydroxyl group,lower content of methoxyl group,and lower degree of condensation,which enhances the reactivity of lignin.Therefore,the oxidative degradation of lignin assisted by microwave irradiation may be a new pretreatment approach for efficiently utilizing the soda lignin.     

相对湿度对甲醛在改性活性炭上吸附的影响

This work mainly involves the study of effect of relative humidity on adsorption of formaldehyde on the activated carbons modified with organosilane solution. Modification of activated carbons was carded out by impregnating activated carbon with organosilane/methanol-containing solutions. The breakthrough curves of formaldehyde in the packed beds of original and modified activated carbons were measured, respectively, at relative humidity of 30%, 60%, and 80%. Temperature-programmed desorption （TPD） experiments were used to estimate the activation energy for desorption of formaldehyde from the activated carbon. Results showed that the relative humidity had strongly influence on breakthrough curves of formaldehyde in the packed beds. The higher the relative humidity of gas mixtures through the packed beds was, the smaller the breakthrough time of formaldehyde became. The use of organosilane compounds to modify surfaces of the activated carbon can enhance the interaction between formaldehyde and the surfaces, and as a result, the breakthrough times of formaldehyde in the packed beds of the modified activated carbon were longer than that in the packed bed of the unmodified activated carbon.     

陶瓷球填料生物滴滤塔降解甲苯废气

The Purification experiments of waste gas containing low concentration toluene were made in trickling biofilter with ceramic spheres. The effects of liquid flow rate,gas flow rate,pH of circulation liquid, and toluene concentration in inlet gas on the purification efficiency of trickling biofilter were investigated. The pressure drop of the trickling biofilter was also measured during experiments.Increasing liquid flow rate and gas flow rate resulted in the decrease of purification efficiency of trickling biofilter. The highest purification efficiency of trickling biofilter was found at the circulation liquid pH of 7. The porosity of the packing material at the inlet of gas was higher than that at the outlet of gas in biofilter after continuous operation in 50 days. The decrease in the porosity of packing material caused a great increase in the pressure drop of the biofilter.     

Weak base favoring the synthesis of highly ordered V-MCM-41 with well-dispersed vanadium and the catalytic performances on selective oxidation of benzyl alcohol

The key to improve the performance of heteroatom catalysts is to ensure the orderliness of catalysts and the good dispersion of heteroatoms. The alkalinity plays the indispensable role in synthetic process of V-MCM-41 catalyst.The excessive alkalinity of synthetic system will make the MCM-41 difficult to crystallize, even to dissolve. It is easy to accumulate for heteroatomic species in the system of low alkalinity. Herein, the highly ordered VMCM-41 with high vanadic content in framework is synthesized in the condition of excessive NH_3·H_2 O in this paper. A series of characterization results prove the good dispersion of vanadium species, and most of vanadium gets into the framework of MCM-41 with the states of tetravalence and pentavalence. Furthermore, the modified MCM-41 by other transition metals is successful synthesized by the method of V-MCM-41 in this paper. The VMCM-41 shows well catalytic activity for the selective oxidation of benzyl alcohol, which up to 74.83% for the conversion of benzyl alcohol and 96.20% for selectivity of benzaldehyde when initial V/Si = 0.10. The paper provides the possibility for industrial application of V-MCM-41 in the oxidation of benzyl alcohol for benzaldehyde.Besides, the work provides a significant idea for the synthesis of modified MCM-41 by well-dispersed transition metals.     

Estimation of Time to Maximum Rate Under Adiabatic Conditions（TMRad） Using Kinetic Parameters Derived From DSC-Investigation of Thermal Behavior of 3-Methyl-4-Nitrophenol

Kinetic parameters of the decomposition of hazardous chemicals can be applied for the estimation of their thermal behavior under any temperature profile.Presented paper describes the application of the advanced kinetic approach for the determination of the thermal behavior also under adiabatic conditions occurring e.g.in batch reactors in case of cooling failure.The kinetics of the decomposition of different samples(different manufacturers and batches) of 3-methyl-4-nitrophenol were investigated by conventional DSC in non-isothermal(few heating rates varying from 0.25 to 8.0K/min) and isothermal(range of 200~260℃) modes.The kinetic parameters obtained with AKTS-Thermokinetics Software were applied for calculating reaction rate and progress under different heating rates and temperatures and verified by comparing simulated and experimental signals.After application of the heat balance to compare the amount of heat generated during reaction and its removal from the system,the knowledge of reaction rate at any temperature profiles allowed the determination of the temperature increase due to the self-heating in adiabatic and pseudo-adiabatic conditions.Applied advanced kinetic approach allowed simulation the course of the Heat-Wait-Search(HWS) mode of operation of adiabatic calorimeters.The thermal safety diagram depicting dependence of Time to Maximum Rate(TMR) on the initial temperature was calculated and compared with the results of HWS experiments carried out in the system with Ф-factor amounting to 3.2.The influence of the Ф-factor and reaction progress reached at the end of the HWS monitoring on the TMR is discussed.Presented calculations clearly indicate that even very minor reaction progress reduces the TMRad of 24h characteristic for a sample with initial reaction progress amounting to zero.Described estimation method can be verified by just one HWS-ARC,or by one correctly chosen ISO-ARC run of reasonable duration by knowing in advance the dependence of the TMR on the initial temperature for any Ф-factor.Proposed procedure results in significant shortening of the measuring time compared to a safety hazard approach based on series of ARC experiments carried out at the beginning of a process safety evaluation.     

添加氨基芳香酸对铂催化烯烃硅氢加成反应的活性和选择性的影响

A series of aromatic acids has been tested as additives for the platinum-catalyzed hydrosilylation of styrene with triethoxysilane. Both excellent conversion of styrene and selectivity in favor of the β-adduct were achieved using aminobenzoic acids as additive. Moreover, the use of 4-aminobenzoic acid led to significantly superior enhancement in both catalytic activity and selectivity among the tested aminobenzoic acids. Indeed, 100% conversion of styrene and 98.4% selectivity in favor of the β-adduct were obtained. Additionally, hydrosilylations of various alkenes with a variety of platinum catalysts have also been tested, and in each case the conversion of substrate and the selectivity of the β-adduct were promoted by using 4-aminobenzoic acid as additive.     

A planning model for multiple blending schemes☆

The key of production planning of refineries is to determine the production planning of units and blending schemes of blends in each period of the plan horizon, since they affect the effective utilization of components of refineries and hence profits. The optimization is difficult, because of many complicated product production–consumption relation-ships in production processes, which are closely related to the running modes of the units. Additional y, the blending products, such as gasoline and diesel, may use multiple blending schemes for their production that increase the complexity of the problem. This paper models the production planning problem as a mixed integer nonlinear programming. Computational experiments for a refinery show the effectiveness of the model. The optimal results give the effective utilization of the self-produced components and increase of the profit.     

介电电泳分离稀土氧化物微粒(英文)

A challenge in chemical engineering is the separation and purification of rare-earth elements and their compounds. We report the design and manufacture of a dielectrophoresis (DEP) microchip of microelectrode arrays. This microchip device is constructed in order to use DEP to capture micro-particles of rare-earth oxides in petroleum. Dielectrophoretic behavior of micro-particles of rare-earth oxides in oil media is explored. The dielectrophoretic effects of particles under different conditions are investigated. It is showed that the prepared microchip is suitable for use in the investigation of dielectrophoretic responses of the rare-earth oxides in oil media. The factors such as frequency, particle size and valence of rare-earth metal are discussed. When the frequency is fixed, the translation voltage decreases as particle size increases. Lower frequencies are more effective for manipulation of inorganic particles in oil media. Particles of the same rare-earth oxide with different size, as well as particles of different rare-earth oxides, are captured in different regions of the field by regulating DEP conditions. This may be a new method for separation and purification of particles of different rare-earth oxides, as well as classification of particles with different size.