长航时无人机惯性/天文组合导航算法研究

针对捷联惯导/GPS组合导航系统的抗干扰性差、捷联惯导/星敏感器组合系统不能解决惯导位置发散的问题,提出了一种采用捷联惯导与基于间接敏感地平的天文导航相组合的长航时无人机导航新方案。分析了最小二乘微分校正天文定位方法对无人机的定位原理,设计了组合导航的滤波器,推导了系统的观测矩阵。仿真结果证明,组合方法能较好地实现无人机的定位定姿,具有较强的抗干扰性和较高精度,可以满足长航时无人机导航系统的要求。     

无人机编队飞行导航方法及其仿真研究

研究无人机导航优化编队问题,编队各成员的高精度定位是无人机协同编队飞行的关键技术和难点.为了提高编队定位的精度,提出了一种长机组合导航和长/僚机相对测量的编队成员导航定位方法,在编队导航系统模型的基础上,采用卡尔曼滤波原理估计出各成员的惯导误差,经校正后得到精确的导航信息,并进行仿真.仿真结果表明,改进的方法对所设计的长机与僚机的导航定位是完全可行的,编队各成员均获得较高的测地导航精度.     

无人机多传感器组合导航系统仿真研究

惯性导航系统受到陀螺和加速度计误差的影响,导航定位误差随着时间累积甚至发散.解决惯导系统误差累积的有效方法是采用组合导航系统.随着其他导航系统性能的不断提高,以惯导系统为中心,其他导航系统为辅助的组合导航系统是目前的研究热点.给出了一种以惯导系统为主,GPS和磁航向传感器为辅的多传感器组合导航系统,并对该组合导航系统进行了仿真研究.通过对仿真结果进行分析,验证了所提出的组合导航系统能够满足无人机导航任务的要求并且具有良好的稳定性.     

基于红外探测技术的无人机视觉引导助降系统

传统的助降导航系统无法满足无人机着舰挂锁对于精确性、抗干扰性及可重复性的要求.为解决该问题,提出一种基于红外探测技术的无人机视觉引导助降系统.系统硬件包括红外标志灯、高动态像机和红外滤光片,系统软件包括光团目标检测算法和双目交汇算法,其中,光团目标检测算法使用归一化负拉氏高斯算子实现光团目标的定位,双目交汇算法利用快速标定方案完成像机标定,采用双像机进行空间交汇.实验结果表明,该系统在距离理想着陆点200 m以内的测量精度小于5 cm,可满足助降要求.     

基于AFKF的多旋翼无人机组合导航技术研究

目前旋翼无人机组合导航系统大都使用扩展卡尔曼滤波算法,然而由于导航系统建模误差和传感器测量精度的影响,导航信息解算误差较大。为了改善旋翼无人机的飞行控制效果,应用自适应渐消卡尔曼滤波（Adaptive fading Kalman filter,AFKF）进行旋翼无人机组合导航解算,算法通过实时计算遗忘因子,对过去的数据权重进行削减,以提高扩展卡尔曼滤波算法的自适应能力。应用旋翼无人机真实飞行数据进行仿真,仿真结果表明,自适应渐消卡尔曼滤波算法能够有效抑制建模误差,弥补传感器测量精度不足,改善旋翼无人机组合导航解算结果。     

MEMS技术在车载导航中的应用

基于MEMS技术,对由加速度计、磁场计和倾角传感器构成的车载导航仪进行了理论分析,对系统信息融合和软硬件设计进行了研究.在嵌人式平台上实现了组合导航系统,实时提供车载体的姿态、速度和位置信息,满足导航需求.通过实验对导航系统的可靠性和稳定性进行了分析研究,得出导航系统精度与误差满足车载体导航要求的结论.     

TDOA-DR组合车辆导航定位系统研究

针对自主导航小车在区域行驶中的定位问题,研究了TDOA-DR组合导航定位算法。通过对基于到达时间差(TDOA)的双曲线导航原理的分析,采用了基于超声波传感器的多基站双曲线定位系统。并在此基础上,对TDOA-DR组合导航系统的结构和算法进行研究和仿真分析。仿真结果表明:TDOA-DR组合导航系统能够在区域内提供厘米级精度的连续车辆位置信息,满足区域高精度定位的需求。     

景像匹配辅助导航系统中的图像匹配算法研究

图像匹配算法是景像匹配辅助导航系统的核心，而且其性能决定了系统的总体性能，为了提高景像匹配辅助导航系统导航的实时性和精度，就必须选用合适的图像匹配算法，为此，给出了一种快速有效的基于图像特征的图像匹配算法，该算法选用部分Hausdorff距离作为图像匹配时的相似性度量，并利用图像特征提取后的二值化图像进行图像匹配，同时在联合了3种图像匹配加速技术的基础上，将邻域技术引入到图像匹配搜索终止条件中，从而大大提高了图像匹配效率。仿真结果表明，该算法可以保证图像匹配的鲁棒性和有效性，同时，能有效克服图像噪声和几何畸变的影响。该算法实施景像匹配能够在5s以内完成，并与GPS输出周期(1s)相当，可以满足景像匹配辅助导航系统匹配导航的准确性和实时性的性能要求。     

基于最小二乘的无人机无线导航方法研究

无线电导航是无人机传统导航模式,该模式的导航误差随时问积累;针对无线电导航系统由于非线性造成导航精度较低问题,提出了基于最小二乘估计的无线电导航方法;在研究非线性问题基础上构建了无线电导航系统模型;以航程推算为基准,进行了相应仿真计算分析;仿真分析表明基于最小二乘法的无线电导航系统能有效抑制非线性扰动,导航精度有较大提高.     

基于MEMS-SINS/GPS的组合导航系统设计

针对小型无人机导航系统低成本、微小型、高效性的特点,提出了基于捷联惯导(SINS)\卫星定位(GPS)的组合导航系统设计方案,深入研究了组合导航系统的关键技术;分析了MEMS传感器误差对导航系统的影响,建立了系统误差模型;采用利于工程实现的基于位置、速度误差作为状态向量,以松耦合方式进行集中式Kalman滤波,对SINS/GPS信息进行融合,避免了传统SINS系统状态模型非线性,滤波器设计困难的问题;最后对系统进行了仿真;仿真结果表明,该组合导航系统成功抑制了SINS系统的积累误差,提高了导航精度与可靠性,具有广阔的应用前景。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。