CS-Ⅱ型喷嘴在MIP重油催化裂化装置的工业应用

介绍了CS-Ⅱ喷嘴在1.7Mt/a重油催化裂化装置的应用情况。工业试验结果表明,在原料、催化剂、操作条件不变的情况下,改善了产品分布。使用CS-Ⅱ喷嘴后液化气收率提高了1.3个百分点;汽油收率提高了1.1个百分点;柴油收率提高了0.3个百分点。干气收率降低了1.5个百分点;焦炭收率降低了1.2个百分点;对产物性质无不良影响。证明CS-Ⅱ喷嘴能有效地改善产品分布。     

BWJ40-Ⅱ型喷嘴在蜡油催化装置上的应用

简要介绍了BWJ40-Ⅱ型喷嘴的特点和在中石化广州分公司的工业应用情况。装置标定数据说明：使用该喷嘴可以提高装置的加工能力,同时减少干气收率,降低焦炭产率,增加轻油收率0．5个百分点以上,可有效提高装置的经济效益。     

DACS催化剂在催化裂化装置上的应用

洛阳分公司Ⅱ套催化裂化装置于2008年5月进行了FDFCC工艺改造,9月开始使用基于铝溶胶技术平台的DACS—ly2催化剂,运行数据表明,在原料性质基本维持一致的情况下,焦炭产率、油浆产率比使用参比剂（基础数据）降低0．37个百分点、2．71个百分点;轻质油收率、总轻液体收率比基础数据分别提高3．46个百分点、2．94个百分点,取得较好的效果。     

抗焦活化剂 Z-18的工业应用

在锦西石化公司重油催化裂化装置上进行了 Z-18型抗焦活化剂的工业应用试验.结果表明,Z-18型抗焦活化剂能有效地维持催化剂活性,改善产品分布,装置加工量提高11 t/h,总液收率提高1.0个百分点,柴油收率提高0.83个百分点,干气收率降低0.2个百分点,油浆收率降低0.27个百分点,焦炭产率降低0.57个百分点,明显提高企业经济效益.     

KH-4型高效喷嘴在催化裂化装置上的应用

介绍了KH-4型高效喷嘴在80万t/a催化裂化装置上的长周期工业应用情况。从原料性质、操作参数及产品分布情况等因素对使用KH-4高效喷嘴前后情况进行了对比,并通过新运行周期的工业数据验证了KH-4喷嘴优异的使用效果。结果表明:在使用KH-4高效喷嘴后,产品中干气收率降低2.07百分点,焦炭降低1.47百分点,轻质油收率提高1.04百分点,经济效益显著。     

催化裂化掺炼常三线增产丙烯和汽油的工业试验

四川石化催化裂化装置掺炼常三线直馏柴油工业试验结果表明,掺炼8%常三线后,结合操作条件优化,液化气收率增加2.22个百分点,汽油收率增加4.06个百分点,柴油收率降低4.61个百分点,油浆收率下降1.37个百分点,生焦产率下降0.43个百分点。丙烯(对原料)收率提高0.55个百分点,汽柴油硫含量增加,能耗降低2 kgEO/t,经济效益显著。     

抗焦活化剂Z-18在尼日尔炼厂重油催化裂化的工业应用效果

提高重油加工深度、增加轻质油收率是炼厂扩能增效的重要途径。抗焦活化剂通过抑制胶质沥青质聚集、调节催化剂酸性中心以及抑制过量自由基反应等作用,减少了催化裂化反应过程中热裂化和缩合反应的发生,可有效降低重油催化裂化焦炭产率,提高轻质油收率。本文跟踪考察了抗焦活化剂Z-18在尼日尔炼厂重油催化裂化装置上的工业应用效果。工业应用结果表明,Z-18具有明显的抗焦效果,应用后新鲜催化剂的平均单耗为989.0mg/kg,低于1150mg/kg的设计消耗指标;在原料性质变差的工况下重油催化裂化装置焦炭产率降低了0.2个百分点,轻质油收率增加了1.09个百分点,产品质量未发生明显变化。抗焦活化剂Z-18的应用可以使重油催化裂化装置产生较好的经济效益。     

催化裂化催化剂LDS-6HRB的工业应用

针对哈尔滨石化分公司600 kt·a^(-1)重油催化裂化装置降低汽油烯烃含量及提高辛烷值的需求,兰州化工研究中心开发了新型LDS-6HRB催化剂,并进行了工业应用。结果表明,在原料油性质相似、操作相近的条件下,汽油+轻柴油+液态烃收率增加0.31个百分点,油浆产率降低0.39个百分点;汽油烯烃体积分数由29.28%降低至25.63%,降低3.65个百分点,汽油研究法辛烷值增加0.6个单位。LDS-6HRB催化剂在哈尔滨石化分公司的成功应用可以为其他炼厂降低汽油烯烃含量及提高辛烷值提供优质参考方案。     

MGD降烯烃喷嘴工业应用

MGD降烯烃喷嘴是一种新型降烯烃喷嘴，该喷嘴具有降低汽油烯烃含量，改善产品分布的特点。中石油哈石化分公司ⅢFCC装置应用该喷嘴后，汽油烯烃含量降低了约5个百分点，并可明显提高液化汽及柴油产率，经济效益明显。     

催化裂化模拟优化软件的工业应用

以催化裂化集总动力学模型为基础,开发了催化裂化模拟优化软件(FCCSW)。该软件可预测催化裂化主要产品分布、产品性质和最佳操作条件。FCCSW软件在工业催化裂化装置上得到了良好的验证和应用,以最小化柴油收率为优化目标,根据软件推荐的操作条件进行调整后,汽油收率提高1.46个百分点,液化气收率提高0.86个百分点,柴油收率降低2.91个百分点,降低装置柴汽比效果明显。     

热集成变压精馏乙二醇脱水系统的控制方案优化

针对热集成变压精馏乙二醇脱水再生系统存在的操作不稳定等问题,基于Aspen Plus和Aspen Dynamics软件,在全流程稳态模拟的基础上,对其进行了动态模拟及控制方案优化。设计了改进型控制方案CS2,与常规控制方案CS1相比,两个塔的操作压力的控制回路是相互独立的,高压塔的塔釜液位由再沸器的导热油流量控制,低压塔的塔釜温度由塔釜的采出流量控制,再分别对进料流量和进料组成中乙二醇含量的阶跃变动的动态响应特性进行分析。结果表明,控制方案CS1基本能够抵抗进料流量和进料组成扰动对系统的影响,但相关控制响应会出现一定的滞后性,难以保证产品满足要求。改进的控制方案CS2对相同的进料流量和进料组成扰动有更好的抵抗能力,控制性能显著提高,保证乙二醇的质量分数不低88%,趋于稳定时产品质量变化幅度小于2%,且该方案在实际应用中涉及到的操作相对简单。本文为相关双塔耦合过程的稳定控制提供了一种新思路,对于双塔耦合在其他体系的工程应用也有借鉴作用。     

Characterization of PLGA/Chitosan Electrospun Nano-Biocomposite Fabricated by Two Different Methods

Nano-biocomposites composed of poly (lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) and chitosan (CS) were electrospun using two fabrication methods. In the single nozzle method, the CS nano-powders dispersed in PLGA solutions were electrospun through a single nozzle but in the double-nozzle method, PLGA and CS were simultaneously electrospun from two syringes and the electrospun PLGA nanofiber and electrosprayed CS nanoparticles were mixed and collected on the rotating drum (randomly oriented [A] and aligned [B]) to prepare the nano-biocomposite membrane. The PLGA/CS scaffolds were prepared at the different ratios. The single-nozzle method was associated with decreasing fiber diameter when the CS content was increased and exhibited improve mechanical and hydrophilic properties.     

我国催化裂化提升管反应系统设备技术的进展

重点介绍了提升管内在预提升段及进料混合段内的气固两相流动的特征 ;提出了进料混合段的分段分区两相流动的特征 ,并指出了适宜的进料位置及尚需改进的内容。建立了三维三相湍流流动、传递及反应的数学模型 ,可供优化设计及优化操作之用。在提升管末端气固快分系统方面 ,成功地开发了FSC及 VQS系统 ,获相当好的应用效果。新开发的 U PC型进料雾化喷咀也获得了良好的应用效果     

Spray Drying of Tomato Pulp: Effect of Feed Concentration

The effect of feed concentration on spray drying of tomato pulp preconcentrated to 78, 82, and 86% wet basis is investigated in two spray drying systems: a pilot scale spray dryer (Buchi, B-191) with cocurrent regime and a two-fluid nozzle atomizer, and the same connected with an absorption air dryer (Ultrapac 2000). Data for the residue on the chamber and cyclone walls were gathered and two types of efficiencies were calculated as an indication of the spray dryer performance. Tomato powders were analyzed for moisture, particle size, and bulk density. In both spray drying systems, with increases in tomato pulp concentration overall thermal efficiency, evaporative efficiency, material loss in the cyclone, powder moisture content, and bulk density decreased, whereas powder particle size increased. On the contrary, the effect of feed solids content on residue formation and product recovery was dependent on the drying medium. In the standard dryer, the higher the feed concentration, the higher was the residue accumulation, and the lower the product recovery, whereas in the modified system increases in pulp concentration resulted in lower residue formations and higher product yields.     

Separation and Recovery of Nickel and Molybdenum Using Continuous Rotating Annular Chromatography

ABSTRACT

A continuous rotating annular chromatograph was developed for preparative separation of nickel and molybdenum. Dowex 50W-8X cation resin (hydrogen form) was packed in a 505-mm long and 10-mm wide stationary annular column. The feed solution was continuously introduced at the top of the bed by a rotating feed nozzle and was carried down through the annular column with an eluent of 10% sulfuric acid. The products were collected by a rotational tray rotating at the same speed as the feed nozzle. To evaluate the performance of this device, the effect of feed flow rate and rotational speed of feed nozzle were measured. Experimental results were compared with results calculated using model-plate theory. It was found that the optimum feed flow rate, at a constant eluent flow rate of 48.8 mL/min and a rotational speed of 4.5 degree/min, was 3.5 mL/min.     

CS/PVA-GA渗透蒸发膜分离偏二甲肼/水体系的实验研究

将壳聚糖(CS)和聚乙烯醇(PVA)按一定比例共混,再以戊二醛(GA)交联,制备CS/PVA-GA共混交联膜,研究了共混交联膜的结构、力学性能以及在偏二甲肼/水体系中的渗透蒸发脱水性能。结果表明,CS与PVA共混、GA交联,形成了致密的空间网状结构,随PVA含量增加,膜的抗张强度降低,而断裂伸长率增加。料液浓度、温度、膜厚度等因素对膜的渗透蒸发性能有较大影响,当料液中偏二甲肼的质量分数为50%,温度为20℃,渗透侧压力为100 Pa,膜厚约为25μm时,CS/PVA-GA共混交联膜的分离因子达到243,渗透通量可达167 g/(m2.h)。     

滴流床反应器的非定态操作

采用蒽醌加氢反应为探针,研究了脉冲流操作、周期性填充和周期性操作3种非定态操作方式对TBR反应器性能的影响.结果表明,在脉冲流区操作TBR的催化剂质量空时收率比滴流区操作提高50%以上,表观动力学研究证实脉冲流区操作TBR蒽醌加氢反应的表观活化能比滴流区操作更接近本征活化能;催化剂与惰性颗粒的交替填充周期性地强化了气液相间传质速率,提高催化剂质量空时收率40%以上;反应器的周期性操作,同时强化气液和液固相间传质速率,改善反应器内的流体力学状况,从而提高反应的空时收率和选择性10%以上.     

农村有机生活垃圾与不同原料厌氧共发酵工艺优化

有效处理农村有机生活垃圾（rural organic household waste, ROW）对美化农村环境具有重要意义,在对其进行高浓度厌氧发酵时容易出现酸化和氨氮抑制现象,导致系统稳定性差。目前尚缺乏ROW不同共发酵底物和进料总固体（total solids,TS）浓度对厌氧发酵的影响研究。为提高厌氧发酵性能,减少环境保护压力,本文对ROW不同共发酵底物配比和不同进料浓度下厌氧共发酵特性进行研究,从而优化农村有机生活垃圾厌氧发酵工艺。文中对取自江苏徐州沛县的农村有机生活垃圾和江苏省农业科学院六合动物实验基地的猪粪（PM）、水稻秸秆（RC）进行厌氧共发酵。当发酵底物为ROW和PM时,甲烷产量随着进料总固体含量TS的升高而增加,最高为257.38mL/g VS;当发酵底物为ROW和RC,或者发酵底物为ROW、PM和RC时,进料TS质量分数从8%增加到12%时,甲烷产量随之增加,最高分别为339.59mL/g VS、322.16mL/g VS,当进料TS质量分数继续升高到15% 时,二者产量均出现降低且均低于其他实验组,分别为231.17mL/g VS、194.67mL/g VS。在本文所设置实验条件下,最优共发酵进料为：发酵底物为ROW和RC,生活垃圾与挥发性固体（VS）质量比为1∶1,进料TS质量分数为12%,甲烷产量为339.59mL/g VS。     

Economic plantwide control of the ethyl benzene process

Systematic plantwide control system design for economically optimal operation of the ethyl benzene process over a large throughput range is studied. As throughput is increased, constraints progressively become active with the highest number of active constraints at maximum throughput. An economic plantwide control system (CS1) is designed for operation at this most constrained operating point using a novel “top‐down” pairing approach with higher prioritization to the economic objectives over regulatory objectives. This structure is adapted for near optimal low throughput operation with constraints that go inactive taking up additional economic variable control. For comparison, a conventional plantwide control structure (CS2) with the throughput manipulator at a fresh feed and “bottom‐up” pairing for the control objectives is also synthesized. Four overrides are needed in CS2 to handle the hard equipment capacity constraints at maximum throughput. Rigorous dynamic simulations show that CS1 is dynamically and economically significantly superior to CS2. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 59: 1996–2014, 2013