亚纳米SiO2对硅溶胶壳型硬化时间的影响

对添加15％NH4Cl和亚纳米SiO2的硅溶胶壳型硬化时间进行实验研究。研究发现硅溶胶壳型硬化时间t随着15％NH4Cl加入量的增加而降低，随着亚纳米SiO2加入量的增加先降低后升高再降低，且15％NH4Cl加入量相同时，添加亚纳米SiO2硅溶胶壳型硬化时间相对未添加的要缩短几倍到几十倍。结果表明亚纳米SiO2具有促进硅溶胶壳型胶凝硬化的作用。     

亚纳米SiO2对硅溶胶型壳硬化时间的影响

对添加15%NH4Cl和亚纳米SiO2的硅溶胶型壳硬化时间进行试验研究。研究发现硅溶胶型壳硬化时间随着NH4Cl加入量的增加而降低,随着亚纳米SiO2加入量的增加先降低后升高再降低,而且亚纳米SiO2单独作用硅溶胶效果不明显,只有加入NH4Cl后添加亚纳米SiO2硅溶胶型壳硬化时间相对未添加的要缩短到几分之一至几十分之一。结果表明亚纳米SiO2具有加快NH4Cl的促凝硬化作用,可以减少NH4Cl的加入量。     

重力SHS制备陶瓷内衬复合管中稀释剂使用原则的探讨

采用重力分离-自蔓延高温合成法制备了Al2O3／Fe陶瓷内衬复合管。研究了两种稀释剂SiO2、CaF2对陶瓷层质量的影响。试验结果表明，SiO2对陶瓷层的影响远大于CaF2，SiO2加入量过多可引起复合管底端陶瓷层孔隙度的明显增大。单独添加SiO2适宜的加入量不超过2％，CaF2的添加量为2％～8％。混合添加可以取得更好的效果，但SiO2的加入量不应超过CaF2的加入量，当添加4%SiO2和4％CaF2时，陶瓷层的密度可以达到3．910g·cm^-3。     

纳米填料对环氧树脂胶粘剂强度的影响

通过在环氧胶粘剂中加入纳米填料,研究了纳米填料对环氧胶粘剂强度的影响规律。试验结果表明,在胶粘剂中加入纳米SiO2和一维纳米SiC晶须,获得的环氧树脂(E44、E51)胶粘剂的抗拉强度可以达到69·09MPa,剪切强度达到35·86MPa,改性环氧树脂中填料的最佳加入量为7%的纳米SiO2和10%的一维纳米SiC晶须纤维。     

疏水型自清洁涂料的制备与性能研究

采用机械共混法,通过添加疏水性纳米SiO2对PRTV硅橡胶涂料进行改性,研究了纳米SiO2的添加量对改性PRTV涂层表面疏水性的影响,并探讨了涂层表面的微结构与其水接触角的内在关系。结果表明:利用共混法将疏水性纳米SiO2加入PRTV涂料中,可以制备出具有超疏水性的复合涂料,其涂层的水接触角可由106°提高到150°。     

纳米 SiO2添加剂对铸造铝铜合金微弧氧化陶瓷层耐磨性的影响

采用Na3PO4基础电解液,添加不同量的纳米SiO2,对铸造铝铜合金进行微弧氧化处理,分析了纳米SiO2用量对微弧氧化膜层厚度、硬度、物相组成、微观表面形貌及耐磨性能的影响。分析表明:纳米SiO2参与了微弧氧化反应过程,并进入微弧氧化膜层,当其添加量为3 g/L时,膜层的耐磨性能最佳。     

CO2固化纳米SiO2/甲阶碱性酚醛树脂的研究

考察用聚乙二醇修饰的纳米SiO2在树脂溶液中分散性;利用透射电镜、红外光谱研究了聚乙二醇(PEG)修饰的纳米SiO2表面性能及分散性的改进效果;并通过砂芯抗压强度来研究纳米SiO2的用量对CO2固化酚醛树脂粘结剂抗压强度的影响,结果表明:4%聚乙二醇修饰的纳米SiO2粒子在树脂溶液中分散性较好;纳米SiO2粒子表面羟基减少;添加量在0.3%时,粘结剂的抗压强度可以提高30%.     

铝微粉对刚玉-莫来石基质性能的影响

对刚玉-莫来石基质在1550～1700℃烧成4 h,研究其α-Al2O3添加量对刚玉-莫来石基质性能的影响规律.研究结果表明,刚玉-莫来石基质是通过液态SiO2和原料中SiO2与α-Al2O3反应生产的莫来石相进行致密,1650℃是基质的烧成温度转折点,超过此温度,莫来石相发生分解形成无定性SiO2,将影响基质的结构及性能.基质的体积密度和强度随烧成温度和α-Al2O3添加量的增加而增大,并高于刚玉-莫来石窑具材料.随着α-Al2O3添加量的增加,基质的主要断裂方式由穿晶断裂向沿晶断裂方式转变.基质的抗热震性能随烧成温度和α-Al2O3添加量的增加而降低,烧成温度和α-Al2O3添加量是基质抗热震性能主要影响因素.     

纳米SiO2颗粒增强NiTi基复合材料的制备及组织性能研究

采用等离子烧结法(SPS)制备不同含量(1%4%,质量分数)纳米SiO2增强NiTi基复合材料,研究SiO2添加对NiTi-SiO2复合材料的显微组织、相变点、力学性能及断裂特征的影响。结果表明,所制备的NiTi-SiO2复合材料其显微组织主要由B2-NiTi相、B19’-NiTi相、Ni3Ti相、Ti2Ni相以及SiO2相组成,SiO2颗粒均匀弥散地分布在NiTi基体中。随SiO2加入量的增加,合金的相变特征温度,Mf、As和Af下降,但SiO2的添加量对Ms温度影响不大。SiO2颗粒对NiTi合金的强化效果明显,随颗粒加入量增加,其断裂方式由韧性断裂转变为脆性断裂。在6%变形范围内,添加SiO2颗粒的复合材料具有更高的回复率,表现出更好的超弹性。     

工艺参数对Ni-ZrO2纳米复合镀层性能的影响

用电沉积方法在铜表面制备了Ni-ZrO2纳米复合镀层。研究了工艺参数对复合镀层的硬度、耐磨性、耐蚀性的影响。结果表明,镀层硬度随阴极电流密度、镀液温度的增大均呈现先增大后减小的趋势;而随镀液中纳米ZrO2的添加量增加,镀层的硬度逐渐增大;镀层的耐磨性随这几个工艺参数的增加先增加后减小;镀层的耐蚀性随着电流密度的升高先下降再升高,随着镀液中纳米ZrO2添加量、镀液温度的增加,镀层的耐蚀性先升高再下降。本工作中最佳的工艺参数为纳米ZrO2添加量8g/L,阴极电流密度3A/dm2,镀液温度50℃左右。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。