BT25钛合金大规格棒材的研究

BT25钛合金主元素采用多元中间合金的形式加入,经过3次真空自耗电弧炉熔炼,其铸锭成分满足技术条件的要求且成分较为均匀.铸锭采用β相区开坯,再经α β两相区多火次锻造,最后锻成Ф220 mm的棒材.棒材的高、低倍组织以及高温、室温力学性能等各项技术指标均符合标准要求.     

钛合金棒材热稳定性的分析

众所周知,材料的性能由组织决定,组织由成分决定,成分是否均匀关键在于熔炼.目前,钛合金铸锭的主要生产方法是采用真空自耗电弧二次熔炼,尽管如此,铸锭中还不可避免地存在一些偏析,如间隙元素偏析、合金元素偏析等.铸锭一旦发生偏析,则偏析区的组织与正常区的组织显然不同,当偏析区中的α稳定元素A1或间隙元素     

熔炼方式对Ti6242S钛合金棒材组织性能的影响

利用1350kW型国产化的电子束冷床熔炼(EB)炉及真空自耗熔炼炉制备Ti6242S钛合金铸锭,并对制备的φ200mm棒材的微观组织及力学性能进行了对比分析.经EB一次熔炼铸锭的凝固组织均匀、细小,EB熔炼的特性造就了最终棒材力学性能的稳定性.(EB+VAR)棒材的微观组织及力学性能均优于EB棒材,这与VAR重熔的成分...     

钛及钛合金VAR熔炼过程脱氧分析

钛及钛合金铸锭真空自耗电弧炉熔炼过程中,为了有效控制铸锭中的氧含量从而实现提升钛材料的室温抗拉强度,一般采用在制备自耗电极过程中添加适量的二氧化钛粉作为氧的添加剂控制铸锭的氧含量。在实际生产过程中发现,通过添加二氧化钛粉经两次真空自耗熔炼的钛及钛合金铸锭中上部氧含量无明显异常,底部氧含量有明显脱除现象,对此本文就该现象进行了相应的机理分析,认为一次熔炼过程海绵钛中的残留杂质元素Mg、Cl、C等在真空自耗熔炼过程中与添加的二氧化钛粉发生反应导致添加的二氧化钛损失所致。     

钛合金真空自耗电弧熔炼技术发展

目前,生产钛及钛合金铸锭的基本方法仍为真空自耗电弧熔炼方法。讨论了真空自耗电弧熔炼钛合金的常见铸锭缺陷和预防措施。回顾了近代真空自耗电弧熔炼（VAR）技术的发展。较详细地介绍了为获得更高质量的铸锭,当前对VAR熔炼过程控制技术所作的努力及取得的进展。指出了未来真空自耗电弧熔炼控制技术的发展方向。     

钛合金电弧炉床熔炼技术

俄罗斯上萨尔达冶金生产联合公司B.B.捷玖欣、Π .C.阿利特曼、 B.B.萨维利耶夫与全俄轻合金研究院 M.И.穆萨托夫等著名钛熔炼专家评价了采用电弧炉床熔炼(凝壳 -自耗电极熔炼 ) +真空自耗电弧重熔方法和传统真空自耗电弧重熔方法制取无缺陷铸锭的可行性。制取铸锭采用两种方法 :凝壳 -自耗电极熔炼 +真空自耗电弧重熔方法 ;二次真空自耗电弧重熔和三次真空自耗电弧重熔方法。然后由铸锭制得直径 30 mm棒材 ,根据棒材质量评价熔炼方法的效率。研究是在直径790 mm的 Ti- 6 Al- 4V合金铸锭上进行的。在每个铸锭的原始炉料中 ,添加氮含量…     

TC21合金铸锭熔炼工艺研究

采用真空自耗电弧炉熔炼并浇注了TC21合金大规格铸锭.研究了中间合金的选择、电极制备方式以及熔炼工艺参数对合金铸锭成分均匀性的影响,探索出了TC21合金铸锭合理的生产工艺.结果表明,采用该工艺生产的TC21合金大规格铸锭化学成分均匀,冶金质量优良,满足使用要求.     

等离子冷床炉单次熔炼制备Ti-2Al-1.5Mn合金

主要介绍了等离子冷床炉单次熔炼制备Ti-2Al-1.5Mn钛合金铸锭在化学成分、组织、内部品质等方面的情况。结果表明,首次使用PAM炉单次熔炼法制备出航空领域工业级厚330mm、宽750mm、长1 000~2 500mm的钛合金扁锭,其化学成分可控且均匀性较好,纵横向组织均匀细小。此外,获得PAM炉单次熔炼法制备的钛合金扁锭全截面低倍组织图谱特征。铸锭经加工变形后获得的板材产品理化性能满足技术要求。     

大规格Ti70合金铸锭Fe元素偏析控制

使用真空自耗熔炼(VAR)法对Ti70大规格铸锭进行了制备,研究了熔炼速度对易偏析Fe元素成分均匀性的影响。使用化学法测试了铸锭的化学成分并与前期试制结果进行对比,使用EDS能谱对铸锭微区成分进行分析,使用金相显微镜观察后续轧制板材的显微组织,并用拉伸试验机检测板材的力学性能。结果表明:通过控制熔速保持相对恒定,可有效减少铸锭凝固时固-液共存区宽度,降低Fe元素宏观偏析;同时降低熔速可使共晶相片间距变窄,减轻Fe元素微观偏析趋势。对所制备的铸锭进行后续锻造及板材轧制,使其组织性能符合用户使用要求。     

熔炼方式对TC17钛合金铸锭化学成分及棒材组织均匀性的影响研究

对比分析一次电子束冷床炉熔炼(EBCHM)加一次真空自耗电弧炉熔炼(VAR)和三次真空自耗电弧炉熔炼生产的φ820 mm TC17钛合金铸锭的化学成分均匀性,以及由这两种铸锭经相同工艺锻造得到的棒材的组织均匀性。结果表明,通过原材料控制和工艺参数设计,两种熔炼方式均可生产出化学成分均匀、杂质含量可控的大规格TC17钛合金铸锭,且EBCHM+VAR工艺在残钛回收方面具有优势;两种工艺得到的铸锭,经相同的锻造工艺可获得组织均匀的棒材,为航空转动件提供材料支撑。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。