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CRISPR/Cas9是一个简单、高效的用于靶向目的基因和无标记的基因组工程的工具。本文通过构建酿酒酵母沉默组件PGK-SGPD1-CYC1,使甘油-3-磷酸脱氢酶I(Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase,GPD1)基因在PGK强启动子、CYC1终止子在特定区域内进行干扰和表达。应用CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑技术,在中断乙醇脱氢酶Ⅱ(alcohol dehydrogenase Ⅱ,ADH2)基因的同时,定点敲入GPD1基因的反义干扰组件,从而特定地干扰GPD1的表达。采用高效的酵母化学转化法将反应组件敲入酿酒酵母Y1H中,CRISPR/Cas9介导的同源重组效率达43.48%,由此获得了ADH2基因中断和GPD1反义干扰的酿酒酵母突变株。发酵实验结果表明,酿酒酵母突变菌株SG1-1与出发菌株Y1H相比,乙醇产率提高了9.07%,甘油产率下降了12.05%,乙酸产率下降了12.30%,结果表明通过中断ADH2基因及插入GPD1反义干扰组件,既能够中断ADH2基因的功能,减少乙醇转化为乙醛,同时也能在一定程度上干扰GPD1基因的表达,提高乙醇产率。 相似文献
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高乙醇转化率酿酒酵母工程菌株构建研究进展 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)发酵产生乙醇的过程中,甘油的生成所消耗的碳源约占总碳源的4%~10%。减少甘油合成量可提高乙醇产率与碳源利用率。其主要策略是修饰或切除一步或多步代谢反应,或引入外源相关基因以改变碳流方向与碳流量,从而使反应向有利于生成更多乙醇而少生成甘油的方向进行。文中主要综述了近年来通过代谢工程手段阻断酿酒酵母甘油的合成或降低甘油的合成量,以提高乙醇发酵糖醇转化率的研究进展。 相似文献
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低温锻炼技术被广泛地应用到实际活性干酵母的活化过程中,该文以普通酿酒酵母和经低温锻炼的酿酒酵母BH8为实验材料分别对葡萄汁进行发酵实验。实验结果表明,在13 ℃的低温发酵条件下,经过低温锻炼的酿酒酵母与对照相比发酵时间缩短2 d,发酵效率提高了7.41%;最大活菌数增加了8.33%;残糖量降低了16.28%;乙醇含量增加了4.04%;乙酸含量降低了6.70%。然而其甘油、海藻糖和琥珀酸的含量却低于对照组,这很可能是由于酿酒酵母在低温锻炼过程中已经产生了抗低温胁迫的原因。 相似文献
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《食品与发酵工业》2015,(5):35-40
在5 L发酵罐中,研究了以260 g/L葡萄糖为底物,不同通气量对酿酒酵母GGSF16高浓度乙醇发酵的影响。结果表明,与厌氧条件相比,通入适当的空气是高浓度乙醇发酵过程中重要的控制参数,能够缩短发酵时间,增加酵母细胞量,提高酵母细胞的存活率和乙醇耐受性。然而,乙醇产率与单位质量的酵母细胞消耗葡萄糖和生成乙醇的能力降低。最适通气量为80 m L/min,酵母细胞干重为14.16 g/L,发酵强度为3.93 g/(L·h),比厌氧分别提高104%和70.1%,终点乙醇浓度为117.9 g/L,乙醇产率为0.452 g/g(发酵效率87.8%)。 相似文献
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Sumio Michnick Jean-Louis Roustan Fabienne Remize Pierre Barre Sylvie Dequin 《Yeast (Chichester, England)》1997,13(9):783-793
The possibility of the diversion of carbon flux from ethanol towards glycerol in Saccharomyces cerevisiae during alcoholic fermentation was investigated. Variations in the glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) level and similar trends for alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), pyruvate decarboxylase and glycerol-3-phosphatase were found when low and high glycerol-forming wine yeast strains were compared. GPDH is thus a limiting enzyme for glycerol production. Wine yeast strains with modulated GPD1 (encoding one of the two GPDH isoenzymes) expression were constructed and characterized during fermentation on glucose-rich medium. Engineered strains fermented glucose with a strongly modified [glycerol] : [ethanol] ratio. gpd1Δ mutants exhibited a 50% decrease in glycerol production and increased ethanol yield. Overexpression of GPD1 on synthetic must (200 g/l glucose) resulted in a substantial increase in glycerol production (×4) at the expense of ethanol. Acetaldehyde accumulated through the competitive regeneration of NADH via GPDH. Accumulation of by-products such as pyruvate, acetate, acetoin, 2,3 butane-diol and succinate was observed, with a marked increase in acetoin production. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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酿酒酵母BAT基因编码支链氨基酸转氨酶,其中BAT1和BAT2基因分别编码线粒体和细胞质氨基酸转氨酶,位于细胞不同的位置导致二者的生理功能有所差异,BAT1基因在线粒体中倾向催化α-酮酸合成氨基酸,细胞质中的BAT2基因将氨基酸转化为α-酮酸,通过敲除BAT2以减少α-酮酸合成,过表达BAT1以增加α-酮酸消耗达到降低酿酒酵母高级醇的合成的目的。本研究以酿酒酵母AY15单倍体α5为出发菌株,结合融合PCR技术构建重组质粒p UC-BABPB1K,获得BA-PGK-BAT1-BB重组盒,并利用醋酸锂转化法和同源重组技术筛选出缺失BAT2基因同时过表达BAT1基因的突变株B-8,将其和亲本菌株α5、BAT2基因缺失菌株α5ΔBAT2进行酒精发酵实验,发酵结束后进行发酵性能和高级醇的测定。实验结果表明,与亲本菌株相比,异丁醇降低了25%,异戊醇降低了15%,活性戊醇降低了30%;与α5ΔBAT2菌株相比,异丁醇提高了0.5倍,异戊醇增加了0.1倍,活性戊醇增加了0.3倍。 相似文献
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A gut2 mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is deficient in the mitochondrial glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase and hence cannot utilize glycerol. Upon transformation of a gut2 mutant strain with a low-copy yeast genomic library, hybrid plasmids were isolated which complemented the gut2 mutation. The nucleotide sequence of a 3·2 kb PstI-XhoI fragment complementing a gut2 mutant strain is presented. The fragment reveals an open reading frame (ORF) encoding a polypeptide with a predicted molecular weight of 68·8 kDa. Disruption of the ORF leads to a glycerol non-utilizing phenotype. A putative flavin-binding domain, located at the amino terminus, was identified by comparison with the amino acid sequences of other flavoproteins. The cloned gene has been mapped both physically and genetically to the left arm of chromosome IX, where the original gut2 mutation also maps. We conclude that the presented ORF is the GUT2 gene and propose that it is the structural gene for the mitochondrial glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase. 相似文献
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通过PCR方法克隆得到树干毕赤氏酵母木糖醇脱氢酶(XDH)基因XYL2.将该基因连入酵母表达载体pYX212的强启动子磷酸丙糖异构酶(TPI)启动子下,得到融合表达载体pYX-XYL2.通过电转化方法将pYX-XYL2转入酿酒酵母Saccharomyces cerevisiae W303-1A中,酶活测定表明在酿酒酵母中树干毕赤氏酵母木糖醇脱氢酶基因XYL2得到活性表达,酿酒酵母转化子粗酶液中木糖醇脱氢酶比活为每毫克蛋白0.6 U左右,约为供体菌的2.4倍.与基因供体菌不同,木糖醇脱氢酶基因在酿酒酵母中表达不需木糖诱导,为组成型表达. 相似文献
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为提高酿酒酵母的甘油产量,分别考察不同初始葡萄糖和果糖质量浓度、pH值、发酵温度及SO2添加量对酿酒酵母D254甘油产量的影响。对酿酒酵母D254不同发酵初始条件进行单因素试验,其他因素固定条件下,葡萄糖质量浓度180g/L时酵母菌体生长平稳、生长量最高;果糖质量浓度108g/L时酵母甘油产量最高;pH值为3.5更适宜酵母菌体生长和合成甘油;在发酵温度和SO2添加量的单因素试验中也分别得出适宜发酵温度为28℃和适宜SO2添加量为 20mg/L。通过单因素试验,筛选出最利于酿酒酵母D254生长和产甘油的各因素的最佳质量浓度,进行Plackett-Burman发酵条件组合试验,得到发酵条件最佳组合为:初始葡萄糖质量浓度216g/L、果糖质量浓度144g/L、发酵温度32℃、pH 3.0、SO2添加量40mg/L,此条件下,酿酒酵母D254获得最高甘油产量达655.64μmol/L。 相似文献