Preparation of Reactive Powder Concrete Using Fly Ash and Steel Slag Powder

To decrease the cement and SF content of RPC by using ultra-fine fly ash (UFFA) and steel slag powder (SS), the effect of these mineral admixtures on compressive strength of RPC were investigated. The experimental results indicate that the utilization of UFFA and SS in RPC is feasible and has prominent mechanical performance. The microstructure analysis (SEM and TG-DTG-DSC) demonstrated that the excellent mechanical properties of RPC containing SS and UFFA were mainly attributed to the sequential hydration ...     

不掺硅粉的活性粉末混凝土配合比试验

在遵循活性粉末混凝土(RPC)基本配制原则的基础上,不掺入硅粉,采用超细水泥、普通水泥、掺合料(粒化高炉矿渣和粉煤灰)、砂、水、减水剂、钢纤维进行配合比试验。试验结果表明:不采用硅粉制备RPC是可行的;在制备RPC时,将超细水泥与适量掺合料混掺后,可以在保证材料强度和流动性的同时提高材料的经济性;用普通水泥取代大部分超细水泥后,材料的性能仍可保证,且更加经济。另外,研究了钢纤维掺量对材料性能(抗压、抗折、流动性及弯曲韧性)的影响规律。     

活性粉末混凝土预制管组合柱抗震性能试验研究

活性粉末混凝土预制管组合柱（Concrete-filled RPC tube,简称CFRT）将活性粉末混凝土（Reactive Powder Concrete,简称RPC）的力学性能和箍筋的约束效应有效结合了起来,是一种基于超高性能水泥基套管的新型约束组合柱。对4个CFRT柱和1个箍筋约束混凝土柱开展了恒定轴力下的低周反复荷载试验,获取了组合柱的破坏形态、滞回曲线和钢筋的应变等数据,并对相关抗震指标及试验参数进行了分析。结果表明：CFRT柱在低周反复荷载作用下表现出典型的弯曲破坏特征,在RPC管表面出现大量细而密的裂缝,但没有明显的剥落现象;CFRT柱的滞回曲线较饱满,其抗震性能显著优于普通箍筋约束混凝土柱;在试验条件下,CFRT柱的极限侧移率在0.042~0.075之间,高于中国抗震设计规范关于罕遇地震下结构柱极限塑性侧移率不低于0.02的要求;从抗震性能来看,在RPC管内部填充高强混凝土,对于CFRT是可以接受的组合方式。     

活性粉末混凝土冲击压缩性能及本构关系

为了克服传统活性粉末混凝土（RPC）须高温蒸养的缺点,采用粒化高炉矿渣代替部分水泥制备出免蒸养RPC,利用直径为80 mm的霍普金森压杆试验系统（SHPB）对免蒸养RPC进行冲击压缩试验研究,探究率效应对免蒸养RPC动态力学性能的影响规律,建立动态本构模型. 结果表明：在10~290 $ {{\rm{s}}^{ - 1}}$的应变率范围内,免蒸养RPC的峰值应力、峰值应变和冲击韧性表现出明显的率敏感性,而弹性模量在不同应变率下基本保持不变. 改进型Z-W-T黏弹性本构模型和基于Weibull分布的模型均能对免蒸养RPC的动态应力-应变曲线进行较好的描述,基于Weibull分布的模型所含参数相对较少,根据模型中各参数与应变率之间的关系可以对不同应变率下的应力-应变曲线进行预测.     

纤维分布对活性粉末混凝土构件力学性能的影响

为研究准静态荷载下纤维分布对活性粉末混凝土(RPC)构件力学性能的影响,对同一纤维掺量(2%)下不同纤维长度(13~20 mm)的单向分布和乱向分布钢纤维RPC试件开展了四点受弯试验。通过选取弯拉荷载挠度曲线上的初裂点、峰值点及其他几个特征点,定量分析单向分布和乱向分布钢纤维RPC的弯拉性能。结果表明:钢纤维在主拉应力方向上的方向系数显著影响基体的弯曲性能。其中,较乱向分布试件,单向分布钢纤维试件的弯拉峰值应力、弯曲韧性均大幅提高,且跨中挠度达到L/150时,残余强度仍比初裂强度高4.35~16.9 MPa;纤维长度由13 mm增加至20 mm时,与乱向分布试件相比,单向分布试件的裂后弯曲性能提高幅度更明显,且单向分布试件受荷越大,纤维长径比的优势越显著;单向分布试件断口处纤维分布均匀,绝大部分方向与主裂纹方向垂直,锚固长度大,断口处桥接效应显著;综合考虑单向钢纤维RPC试件的等效弯曲应力、耗能能力等指标,在纤维掺量为2%、纤维长度为20 mm时,其力学性能最优。     

Size effect on compressive strength of reactive powder concrete

In this paper the coefficient and law of the size effect of RPC were studied through experiments and theoretical analysis. The size-effect coefficients for the compressive strength of RPC are deduced through experiments. They indicate that RPC without fiber behaves quite the same as normal or high strength concrete. The size effect on compressive strength is more prominent in RPC containing fiber. Bazant's size effect formula of compressive strength applies to RPC. A formula is given to predict the compressive strength of cubic RPC specimens 100 mm on a side where the fiber dosage ranges from 0-2%.     

高温后RPC立方体抗压强度退化规律研究

为摸清活性粉末混凝土(RPC)的高温爆裂情况及高温后立方体抗压强度的退化规律,对300个70.7 mm×70.7 mm×70.7 mm的RPC立方体试件和120个40 mm×40 mm×160 mm的RPC棱柱体试件进行高温试验与高温后抗压试验,考察纤维种类、纤维掺量、温度、尺寸效应等因素对RPC立方体抗压强度及受压破坏特征的影响。结果表明：单掺钢纤维体积率为2%或单掺聚丙烯纤维体积率为0.3%时可以有效防止RPC发生爆裂;钢纤维可以有效提高RPC高温后立方体抗压强度并改善其受压破坏特征,聚丙烯纤维对抗压强度有不利影响． 高温后RPC立方体抗压强度随经历温度的升高呈先增大后减小的变化规律,通过回归分析,建立了RPC立方体抗压强度随温度变化的计算公式．     

活性粉末混凝土柱抗震性能试验

为了考察活性粉末混凝土柱类构件的抗震性能,开展了18根活性粉末混凝土柱的拟静力试验,研究了轴压比、纵筋配筋率、配箍率和钢纤维体积含量4个因素对活性粉末混凝土柱破坏形态、滞回特性、骨架曲线、刚度、承载力及延性的影响规律.研究表明:活性粉末混凝土柱的承载力随着轴压比的增大而提高,但其延性随着轴压比的增大有下降的趋势;试件柱的承载力及位移延性系数随着纵筋配筋率的增大而显著增大;配箍率的提高一定程度上改善了荷载达到峰值后阶段的滞回特性,骨架曲线的下降段变得较为平缓;钢纤维掺量的增加,改善了试件柱的破坏进程,一定程度上提高了试件柱的延性及耗能能力.     

预应力活性粉末混凝土-普通混凝土叠合梁疲劳全过程分析

为了推广活性粉末混凝土在桥梁工程中的应用,对预应力活性粉末混凝土（RPC）-普通混凝土（NC）叠合梁疲劳破坏的全过程进行分析. 建立NC、RPC、非预应力筋和预应力筋的疲劳损伤退化模型,结合分段线性法提出预应力RPC-NC叠合梁的疲劳全过程分析方法,并针对考虑RPC抗拉疲劳性能与否这2种情况分别进行计算. 为了验证该分析方法的有效性,对2根预应力RPC-NC叠合梁进行等幅疲劳循环加载,试验结果和计算结果的对比表明,当不考虑RPC抗拉强度时,非预应力筋应力的计算结果明显偏大,导致分析结果过于保守;在考虑RPC抗拉强度的情况下,使用该方法可以较为准确地描述预应力RPC-NC叠合梁的疲劳退化过程.     

Mesomechanism of steel fiber reinforcement and toughening of reactive powder concrete

Reactive powder concrete (RPC) is a novel cement-based composite material with ultra-high strength. Embedding a certain amount of short steel fibers in the matrix can improve the RPC's toughness and overcome the disadvantage of high brittleness. In this paper, a number of direct uniaxial tension tests have been carried out with '8-shape' RPC200 specimens. The bond-slip process, mesoscopic structural variation and mechanical characteristics of a fiber pullout of the matrix have been investigated using the real-time SEM loading system and CCD observation techniques. The influence of the volume of embedded short steel fibers in matrix on the mesoscopic morphology of attachments on the surface of a pulled individual fiber, the initial cracking force, the ultimate pullout force, interfacial bond strength and the pullout rupture energy have been analyzed. A general formulation relating these quantities to the volume of fibers in matrix has been proposed. The components comprising the interfacial bond strength have been outlined. In addition, the contribution that fibers make to enhance and toughen the reactive powder concrete has been discussed. It is shown that there exists an optimal threshold of fiber volume ρv, opt =1.5% at which the bond performance of a fiber pullout of RPC behaves best.     

预应力RPC-NC叠合梁抗弯延性试验分析

为有效推动高性能材料在现代桥梁结构中的应用以满足快速发展的高速铁路技术,本文设计并制作了10根预应力活性粉末混凝土(RPC)-普通混凝土(NC)叠合梁和1根预应力纯NC梁,通过试验方法研究了高性能材料RPC在梁结构中应用后叠合梁的抗弯延性性能,并以叠合梁跨中位移延性系数进行描述.试验主要考虑了RPC高度、预应力比率、NC等级等因素对叠合梁抗弯延性的影响.研究结果表明:随着RPC高度的增加,叠合梁截面配筋指数降低,抗弯位移延性系数增大;随着钢绞线根数的增多,预应力比率增大,位移延性系数相应增大;叠合梁上部NC等级提高后,脆性破坏特征并不明显,抗弯位移延性系数增大.由于RPC材料优异的力学性能以及钢纤维的作用提高了叠合梁在出现峰值荷载后的变形能力,使得其抗弯位移延性要明显优于纯NC梁,可见RPC材料在拥有高强度的同时具有良好的延性特征.同时以试验数据为基础,拟合出适用于预应力RPC-NC叠合梁抗弯位移延性系数的计算公式.     

Durability and micro-structure of reactive powder concrete

Durability of traditional reactive powder concrete (RPC) with rich cement and high volume of fly-ash reactive powder concrete (FRPC) were studied. The X-diffraction and scanning electron microscope (SEM) measurement was imployed to analyze the microstructure. The results show that both types of RPC have higher compressive strength, less volume shrinkage ratio and better carbonation-, chloride-, freezing-resistances than the conventional concrete. The results of X-diffraction indicate that they basically have C-S-H as the main composition without Ca(OH)₂ crystal and ettringite. SEM results show that hydration products of FRPC is mainly III-C-S-H which is piled up closely like densely arranged stone body and it has very compacted structure, in addition, Ca/Si ratio of C-S-H gel is lower than 1.5.     

Toughness and characterization of reactive powder concrete with ultra-high strength

A number of three-point bending and fracture tests of 200 MPa-level reactive powder concrete (RPC) with the various fiber contents have been conducted to probe the nature and characteristics of toughness of RPC200. The contribution of the embedded fibers to improving the crack-resistant capacity, energy absorption capacity and toughness with various deformation mechanisms has been analyzed. Taking account of that the first-crack deformation, peak-load deformation and their improvement varied with the fiber contents and that the deformation mechanism affected differently the performance at the first crack and the peak load, we took the peak-load deformation of plain RPC200 as the reference deformation to measure the toughness of fibered RPC200. Two toughness indices T _2(n−1)(n) and FT _2(n−1)(n) have been formulated based on P-δ responses and P-CMOD responses. The indices quantify the toughness of RPC200 with the various deformation mechanisms relative to perfectly elastoplastic materials by setting the toughness level 2(n−1) as the initial reference. It is shown that the toughness index T _2(n−1)(n) reflects the function of fibers to improve the toughness of RPC with the deformation throughout specimens, but overestimates the contribution to enhancing the toughness in post-peak periods. It underestimates, on other hands, the contribution to improving the toughness in the period from the first crack to the peak load. In contrast, the toughness index FT _2(n−1)(n) properly presents the capability that fibers absorb energy and constrain crack propagation in the matrix when the deformation is concentrated on the open crack. The proposed index unveils the contribution of fibers to toughening RPC200 both in the period from the first-crack to the peak load and in the period of post peak. This characterization method not only reveals the nature of toughness but also levels the toughness of RPC200. It could provide a way to establish an objective toughness characterization for RPC200 and facilitate its applications. Supported by the New Century Excellent Talents Program (Grant No. NCET-05-0215), the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada (Grant No. PGS D2 2006), the Laboratory Innovation Plan of Beijing Science and Education Committee (Grant No. JD102900671) and the National Basic Research Project of China (“973” Project) (Grant No. 2002CB412705)     

Impact properties of engineered cementitious composites with high volume fly ash using SHPB test

The split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) testing with diameter 40 mm was used to investigate the dynamic mechanical properties of engineered cementitious composites (ECCs) with different fly ash content. The basic properties including deformation, energy absorption capacity, strain-stress relationship and failure patterns were discussed. The ECCs showed strain-rate dependency and kept better plastic flow during impact process compared with reactive powder concrete (RPC) and concrete, but the critical compressive strength was lower than that of RPC and concrete. The bridging effect of PVA fiber and addition of fly ash can significantly improve the deformation and energy absorption capacities of ECCs. With the increase of fly ash content in ECCs, the static and dynamic compressive strength lowered and the dynamic increase factor enhanced. Therefore, to meet different engineering needs, the content of fly ash can be an important index to control the static and dynamic mechanical properties of ECCs.     

Experimental study on mechanical properties of reactive powder concrete

The axial compressive strength,axial tensile strength,elastic modulus,poisson ratio and stress-strain relationship of RPC are obtained by compressive tests and tensile tests of RPC prism.Mathematical models of axial compressive and axial tensile stress-strain relationship are established,from which the equivalent coefficient of compressive and tensile stress diagram of cross-section in RPC beam are deduced.The results provide the theory basis for the design of RPC structure and the wider popularization of RPC.     

活性粉末混凝土强度影响因素研究

研究养护时间和钢纤维掺量对活性粉末混凝土抗折、抗压强度的影响,探索低成本、超高强高性能活性粉末混凝土的配制技术,旨在促进活性粉末混凝土的推广应用.     

Effects of curing systems on properties of high volume fine mineral powder RPC and appearance of hydrates

The effects of different curing systems on the properties of high volume fine mineral powder RPC (reactive powder concrete) and the appearances of hydrates were studied. The experimental results show that dry-heating curing promotes the development of pozzolanic reactivity of fine mineral powder; due to low cement content, 0.20 water-bind ratio and high reactive fine mineral powder content, the strength of RPC increases by around 200% after steam curing and subsequent dry-heating curing. Scanning electron microscopy and energy spectrum diagram showed that: after the high volume fine mineral powder RPC with 0.16 water-bind ratio underwent steam curing and dry-heating curing, there was no significant change in the appearance of hydrates; after the RPC with 0.20 water-bind ratio, the cement content of 150 kg/m³ and more steel slag powder underwent dry-heating curing, there was a certain change in the appearance of C-S-H, the structure of gel was more compact and was uniformly distributed, and the Ca/Si of C-S-H gel decreased from 1.41 to around 1.20.     

活性粉末混凝土基本力学性能试验研究

进行76组不同尺寸立方体试件和12组棱柱体试件的单轴受压力学性能试验，研究了活性粉末混凝土的强度标准，探讨活性粉末混凝土的基本力学性能指标(峰值应变、弹性模量、横向变形系数等)与棱柱体抗压强度之间的关系，建立了活性粉末混凝土应力一应变曲线上升段方程。     

活性粉末混凝土力学性能试验

为了研究活性粉末混凝土（RPC）的基本力学性能,在查阅各国相关文献的基础上,进行了一系列RPC力学性能试验和试验数据分析,得到了RPC的抗压强度、劈裂强度、弹性模量、泊松比、钢筋与RPC的黏结强度等数据,比较了钢筋在RPC和普通混凝土（NC）中的黏结性能,分析了RPC的应力一应变关系。结果表明：RPC的棱柱体应力一应变关系曲线接近于直线,为脆性材料;其力学性能总体上优于普通混凝土;泊松比可取为0．2,劈裂强度、弹性模量及轴心抗拉强度等可采用普通混凝土的经验公式进行计算。     

用固体废弃物制备生态型活性粉末混凝土研究

针对当代社会环境污染越来越严重、固体废弃物排放量越来越大的现状,提出利用铁矿尾砂代替黄砂和磨细石英砂制备生态型活性粉末混凝土的方法。通过改变铁矿尾砂的掺量,并对不同配比的活性粉末混凝土静态力学性能进行测试和分析,提出了可行性的制备技术。