球化剂稀土含量对大断面球铁石墨组织及低温冲击韧性的影响

选用3种具有不同Ce含量的球化剂FeSiMg6RE2、FeSiMg8RE3和FeSiMg8RE5对铁液进行盖包法处理,球化处理后浇注成180mm×180mm×200mm的球铁试块。通过室温拉伸、光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱分析仪(EDS)和低温冲击试验机等分析手段,研究了稀土元素Ce对大断面低温球铁的石墨组织、力学性能和低温冲击韧性的影响。结果表明:用稀土含量低的球化剂FeSiMg6RE2进行处理,试样的石墨组织细小均匀,石墨形态好,低温冲击韧性高,冲击功平均值约为14.5J;用稀土含量高的球化剂FeSiMg8RE3和FeSiMg8RE5分别进行处理,试样中出现了大面积碎块状石墨等变异组织,低温冲击韧性差,冲击功平均值分别约为6.5和5.1J。能谱分析结果表明:高稀土含量球化剂处理的球铁试样,石墨组织晶界上发生了稀土元素Ce的富集,其质量分数分别约为0.36%和0.42%,这是造成铸件中碎块状石墨等变异组织产生的根本原因,严重恶化了铸件的力学性能。     

多元合金化大断面球墨铸铁组织和性能的分析

为了提升大断面球墨铸铁综合力学性能,通过复合添加微量合金元素铜、锑、锡、钼对大断面球墨铸铁进行微合金化处理,借助金相显微镜(OM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)及力学性能测试等手段,研究了Cu Sb Sn Mo复合微合金化大断面球墨铸铁微观组织和力学性能。结果表明,试验球墨铸铁具有良好的综合力学性能。大断面球墨铸铁中添加铜、锑、锡、钼后优化了材料的组织结构,基体组织为珠光体＋少量牛眼状铁素体;试样石墨组织细小、圆整,分布均匀。同时,合金元素的复合加入使得其抗拉强度达到800 MPa以上,硬度约为280HB,伸长率达到5%以上。拉伸断口分析表明,微合金化大断面球墨铸铁断裂模式以解理断裂为主,伴有少量的塑性变形。     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-alloyed ductile iron upon casting and austempering

In the current study, Al was added to ductile iron (DI) in the range of 0·68–2·70 wt-% and its influence on the mechanical properties and on the microstructure at different section thicknesses was investigated. It was observed that increasing Al addition up to 2·70 wt-% improves the hardness and strength in the as-cast condition. However, this effect was completely reversed after austempering, where the mechanical properties decreased gradually with increasing Al content. In conclusion, Al reduced the strength of DI after austenitising at 900°C. Higher austempering temperatures may be required to achieve the desired properties depending on the Al content of the as-cast DI.     

Sb-Ba复合随流孕育对大断面球铁低温冲击性能的影响北大核心CSCD

采用随流孕育的方式向铁液中分别加入普通孕育剂75SiFe和含Sb和Ba孕育剂进行孕育处理,浇注尺寸规格为180 mm×180 mm×200 mm的大断面球墨铸铁试块。运用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、拉力试验机、冲击试验机等检测方法,研究Sb-Ba复合随流孕育对大断面低温球墨铸铁组织和性能的影响。结果表明,与用普通孕育剂75SiFe相比,运用含Sb和Ba复合孕育剂对铁液进行随流孕育能显著改善大断面低温球墨铸铁微观组织和力学性能。该工艺可提高试样的石墨球化级别、改善石墨形态、增加石墨球数量、细化石墨球,可有效避免孕育衰退,使铸件组织和力学性能达到较佳匹配。冲击试验表明,低温韧性得到了明显提高,其(-40℃)冲击功平均值不低于为12 J。     

Effect of Cooling Rate after hot Deformation on Structure and Mechanical Properties of Low Alloy Wear Resistance Cast iron

The effect of cooling rate after 40% hot deformation on structure and mechanical properties of low alloy wear resistance cast iron was investigated by metallographic, scanning electron microscopes and detection of properties. The results show that for the cast steel after deformed, the amount of granular carbides of precipitation during the cooling decreased with the increase of the cooling rate, but the hardness was obviously enhanced, as a result, better mechanical properties will be obtained by force air cooling (cooling rate is about 7℃·s-1). And the reason of the change for structure and mechanical properties of the cast steel were analyzed.     

Effect of yttrium,calcium and zirconium on ignition-proof principle and mechanical properties of magnesium alloys

Good ignition-proof principle and mechanical properties were realized in Mg-Y-Ca-Zr alloy system.By adding Y and Ca elements,the ignition point of Mg-3.5Y-0.8Ca alloy was improved to over 1173 K,and the alloy could be melted in air without any protections.The ef-fect of Zr addition on the microstructures and mechanical properties of Mg-3.5Y-0.8Ca alloys were investigated,and Mg-3.5%Y-0.8%Ca-0.4%Zr alloy had good comprehensive properties with tensile strength of 190 MPa and elongation of 11%.Auger electron spectros-copy(AES) and X-ray diffraction(XRD) analysis revealed that the oxide film formed on the surface of Mg-3.5Y-0.8Ca alloy was mainly composed of Y2O3.Thermogravimetric measurements in dry air indicated that the oxidation dynamics curves measured at 773,873 and 973 K followed the cubic law.Moreover,the semiconductor characteristic of Y2O3 film and its effect on ignition-proof properties of Magnesium al-loys were discussed from the viewpoint of electrochemistry.     

热处理工艺对9Cr钢组织与力学性能的影响

利用热膨胀试验研究了9Cr钢随冷却速度变化的相变行为,设定奥氏体化温度分别为860和1000℃,利用 OM、SEM、TEM、XRD和室温拉伸对比研究不同热处理温度下9Cr钢的显微组织及力学性能.研究表明：随着冷却速度增加,9 Cr 钢发生铁素体/珠光体相变、贝氏体相变和马氏体相变,其中马氏体相变临界冷速为1.6℃/s;860℃热处理后9Cr钢的显微组织为板条贝氏体/马氏体和少量等轴铁素体,并有4％的残余奥氏体;奥氏体化温度升至1000℃后,奥氏体晶粒尺寸增加,9Cr 钢中铁素体几乎消失,板条特征更加明显,力学性能与860℃热处理后基本相同,均达到 HL级抽油杆钢的要求,说明9Cr钢具有较宽的工艺窗口.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-Zn-Mn-Sn-Nd wrought alloys

The microstructure and mechanical properties of as-cast and extruded Mg-6Zn-1Mn-4Sn-xNd(x=0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5) alloys were investigated by means of optical microscopy(OM), X-ray diffraction(XRD), scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and tensile test. The results showed that the dendrites sizes of these alloys were decreased by the addition of Nd. The phase compositions of the as-cast Mg-Zn-Mn-Sn-Nd alloys were dendritic α-Mg, MgZn2, Mg2 Sn, T phase and MgSnNd ternary phase. The mechanical properties of the as-extruded alloys were improved due to the refined equiaxed grains and dispersive Mg2 Sn and MgSnNd second phases. The comparison of the theoretical yield strength with the experimental yield strength revealed that the yield strength model of the as-extruded alloys should be modified as σys =σMg +σgb +σss +σsp.     

Effect of neodymium stearate on cure and mechanical properties of epoxidized natural rubber

The effect of neodymium stearate (NdSt) on cure and mechanical properties of expoxidized natural rubber with 25 mol.% epoxida-tion (ENR25) was studied in the concentration range of 0 to 2 phr, and the relationship between structure and mechanical properties of ENR25 vulcanizates was also discussed. Neodymium sterate was synthesized by saponification of stearic acid with newly formed rare earth hydroxide in water medium, and the structure of NdSt was investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Crosslinking den-sity of vulcanized natural rubber was studied by equilibrium swelling method. The results indicated that the interaction force between carbox-ylic ion of NdSt prepared in the lab and Nd ion was mainly ionic bond through FTIR analysis. NdSt could accelerate the vulcanization of ENR25 and influence the network structure of ENR25 vulcanizates. The incorporation of 1 phr NdSt for ENR25 vulcanizates showed the op-timal aging resistnce.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-Zn-Y-Nd-Zr alloys

The microstructure and tensile properties of the as-cast and solution treatment Mg-4.5Zn-1Y-xNd-0.5Zr (x=0, 1 wt.%, 2 wt.%, 3 wt.%) alloys were investigated. The results showed that the microstructure of Mg-4.5Zn-1Y-0.5Zr alloy consisted of α-Mg, Zn-Zr, W (Mg₃Y₂Zn₃) and I (Mg₃YZn₆) phases. With the addition of Nd, I-phase disappeared and Mg₃Y₂Zn₃ phase changed into Mg₃(Nd,Y)₂Zn₃ phase. When the content of Nd reached 3 wt.%, T phase, i.e., ternary Mg-Zn-Nd phase, formed. In addition, with the increase of Nd content in the alloys, the secondary dendritic arm spacing decreased, while the amount of intermetallic phases increased. For as-cast Mg-4.5Zn-1Y-xNd-0.5Zr alloys, after solution treatment, microsegregation was eliminated and the shape of eutectic structure of α-Mg+W transformed from lamellar into spherical. The tensile strength and elongation of Mg-4.5Zn-1Y- 3Nd-0.5Zr alloy were increased from 219.2 MPa and 11.0% to 247.5 MPa and 20.0%, respectively.     

Effects of Nd on microstructure and mechanical properties of as-cast Mg-8Li-3Al alloy

Effects of Nd on microstructure and mechanical properties of as-cast Mg-8Li-3Al alloy were investigated by OM,X-ray diffraction(XRD),EPMA,scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS).The results showed that the dendrites sizes of α phase were decreased by the Nd addition.When the amount of addition Nd was 1.6 wt.%,the alloy with the smallest α phase was obtained.The refining mechanism mainly owed to the increasing constitutional supercooling at the solidification front.Furthermore,the compound Al 2 Nd generated by the reaction of Al and Nd,which distributed at the phase boundary and inside β phase,could also restrain the growth of α phase.Nd could improve the tensile strength and elongation of Mg-8Li-3Al alloy,however,excessive Al 2 Nd might also become crack source and decrease the elongation.     

控冷工艺对冷镦钢力学性能和显微组织的影响

对冷镦钢(SWRCH22A)进行两种不同控冷工艺试验,将获得的冷却曲线与该钢的CCT曲线结合分析得到该钢2种不同控冷工艺条件下关键控冷工艺参数.分析认为调节钢的实际冷却曲线位置可调节钢的强度,调节钢在铁素体相变区内的冷却速率来调节钢的屈强比.据此对控冷工艺进行优化,使产品力学性能和组织符合技术要求和用户的要求.     

Wettability of SnCuNi-xEu solders and mechanical properties of solder joints

Wettability balance method was used to investigate the wetting performance of Sn Cu Ni-x Eu on Cu substrate, and the mechanical properties and the fracture morphology were studied.The results indicated that the addition of Eu could enhance the properties of solder and solder joints, with the increase of Eu content, tendency of first increase and then decrease could be found in the wetting time, wetting force and the mechanical properties of Sn Cu Ni-x Eu, and the optimal content was 0.039%.For Sn Cu Ni-0.039 Eu solder joints, the optimum mechanical properties could be found, and the amplitude increased was 20%, with the observation of the fracture morphology, it was found that small dimples could be seen, the toughness fracture for Sn Cu Ni and mixture fracture for Sn Cu Ni-0.039 Eu could be demonstrated.And thermal fatigue behavior of Sn Cu Ni solder joints could be enhanced obviously with the 0.039%Eu addition.     

Effect of neodymium on primary silicon and mechanical properties of hypereutectic Al-15%Si alloy

The mechanical properties of hypereutectic Al-Si alloys are mainly determined by size and morphology of the primary silicon phase.So,optical microscopy(OM) and X-ray diffraction(XRD) were adopted to study affection of Nd on primary silicon of hypereutectic Al-15%Si alloy in this paper.The results of OM showed that pure Nd could effectively refine primary silicon of hypereutectic Al-15%Si alloy.When Nd addition was 0.3%,the average size of primary silicon reduced from 20-40 μm of initial sample to 10-20 μm of modified sample.XRD pattern showed that no new phase was formed after Nd modification.The results of mechanical properties test showed that whole properties of modified samples were significantly improved.Tensile strength increased about 32.6% from 147 MPa to 195 MPa.Elongation was increased about 160% from 1.0% to 2.6%.The improvement of mechanical properties should attribute to primary silicon refinement after modification.     

石墨球对系列冲击温度下球墨铸铁断口作用机制

 为了明确低温用球墨铸铁材料断裂微观机理,针对石墨球对系列温度球墨铸铁冲击断口演变过程的作用机制进行研究。采用SEM、激光共聚焦显微镜等手段系统分析了不同温度下石墨球对球墨铸铁冲击断裂过程的影响。定量断口分析结果表明,与冲击功随温度的变化一致,断口表面粗糙度Sa和空穴扩张比Rc/R0(韧窝与石墨球半径之比)均随温度的下降呈明显降低趋势。随着冲击试验温度的降低,由韧性断裂逐渐过渡到脆性断裂,这种断裂机制的变化导致断面粗糙度指数剧烈下降,空穴扩张比值趋近于1。冲击过程中裂纹总是在石墨 基体界面处发生开裂并沿着石墨 基体界面不断扩展,因此实际生产过程中应该注重改善石墨球与基体界面处组织状态。     

Effect of rolling and heat treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg3.5Y0.8Ca0.4Zr alloy

The effect of rolling and heat treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg3.5Y0.8Ca0.4Zr alloy was investigated.With the addition of 0.4Zr,the average grain size of the as-cast alloy was markedly refined to 5-10 μm.After hot rolling process,the grain size of Mg3.5Y0.8Ca0.4Zr alloy was refined further into 3-5 μm and the tensile strength was enhanced while the plasticity was degraded because the accumulation of rolling reduction increased the density of twins,and refined the grain structures.After the solution heat treatment at 743 K,the elongation of alloy was greatly enhanced from 3% to 17%.     

Effect of rare earths on mechanical properties of plasma nitrocarburized surface layer of 17-4PH steel

The aim of this investigation is to reveal the influence of rare earths(RE) addition on mechanical properties of plasma nitrocarburized 17-4PH steel.The nitrocarburized layers were characterized by optical microscope,scanning electron microscope equipped with energy dispersive X-ray analyzer,X-ray diffractometer,microhardness tester and pin-on-disc tribometer.The results showed that RE atoms could diffuse into the surface layer of 17-4PH steel plasma nitrocarburized at 500 °C for 4 h and did not change the ...     

Study on microstructure and mechanical properties of ZL107 alloy added with yttrium

The effects of Y on the microstructure and mechanical properties of ZL107 alloy were investigated using optical microscope, scanning electron microscope (SEM), Brinell hardometer, and MTS 810-22M tensile testing machine in this paper. The results showed that after Y was added to ZL107 alloy, the size of α-Al dendritie reduced, the acicular eutectic Si became short rod-shaped or granular, and the number and size of the blowholes obviously reduced. The mechanical properties of ZL107 alloy firstly increased and then decreased with Y content increasing. When Y content was 0.1 wt.%, the tensile strength and hardness of the alloy were maximum.     

Influence of rare earth nanoparticles and inoculants on performance and microstructure of high chromium cast iron

The high chromium cast irons (HCCIs) with rare earth (RE) nanoparticles or inoculants were fabricated in the casting process. The phase compositions and microstructure were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and optical microscopy (OM), respectively. The hardness and impact toughness were tested by Rockwel-hardmeter and impacting test enginery. And then, the morphology of fracture was researched by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results demonstrated that the phase compositions of HCCIs with addition of RE nanoparticles or inoculants which were M7C3 carbides + α-Fe did not change obviously. However, the prime M7C3 carbides morphology had great changes with the increase of RE nanoparticles, which changed from long lath to granular or island shape. When the content of RE nanoparticles was 0.4 wt.%, the microstructure of high chromium cast iron was refined greatly. The microstructure of carbides was coarser when the addition of RE nanoparticles was higher than 0.4 wt.%. The hardness and impact toughness of HCCIs were improved by addition of RE nanoparticles or inoculants. The impact toughness of HCCIs was increased 36.4% with RE nanoparticles of 0.4 wt.%, but the hardness changed slightly. In addition, the adding of RE nanoparticles or inoculants could reduce the degree of the brittle fracture. Fracture never seemed regular, instead, containing lots of laminates and dimples with the increase of the RE nanoparticles. The results also indicated that the optimal addition amount of the RE nanoparticles was 0.4%, under this composition, the microstructure and mechanical property achieved the best cooperation. In addition, through the study of erosion wear rate, when adding 0.4% RE nanoparticles into the HCCIs, the erosion wear rate got the minimum 0.32×10-3 g/mm2, which could increase 51.5% compared with that without any RE nanoparticles.     

热输入对960 MPa级高强钢粗晶区组织及性能的影响

 采用Gleebe-1500D试验机对960 MPa级高强钢热影响区粗晶区(CGHAZ)组织进行模拟,研究了该高强钢在不同冷却时间下的组织变化与冲击性能的关系。结果表明：该钢热模拟粗晶区在冷速较高时主要生成板条马氏体。冲击吸收功随[θ8/5]的增大先增加后减小,当[θ8/5]为20 s时,冲击韧性最佳达到149 J,组织主要为大角度交错的板条马氏体。随着冷速降低转变为贝氏体组织、M-A组元后,冲击性能严重降低,粗晶区发生明显软化。该钢适合小热输入焊接,以保证焊接热影响区粗晶区的性能。