热煤气中氨的脱除(Ⅰ)

热煤气净化是ＩＧＣＣ、ＭＣＦＣ发电技术的关键，热煤气含有（２～３）×１０－３的氨，文章介绍了氨催化分解的反应机理，选择金属催化剂的经验法则及国内、国外的研究者对氨催化分解催化剂的筛选工作。最后得出Ｎｉ是氨催化分解最有效的活性组分，开发高效率、高的耐受性的高温Ｎｉ基催化剂是今后工作的方向。     

铈锆铜（铁）氧化物复合脱硝催化剂的制备与性能研究

文章采用共沉淀法将氧化铜或氧化铁对ZrO_2-CeO_2进行掺杂,制备出系列新型无毒低温选择性催化还原(SCR)脱硝催化剂,并其催化活性进行了分析表征。结果表明:Cu_(1-0.5)/ZrO_2-CeO_2和Fe_(0.5-1)/ZrO_2-CeO_2两种催化剂的低温脱硝活性最佳,分别能在150～250℃及140～250℃的温度区间内,使得NO气体脱除效率高达100%。     

高温煤气中焦油组分的催化裂解

在固定床反应器条件下对焦油组分（以1－甲基萘作为焦油的模型化合物）进行了催化裂解研究,选择镍基催化剂、5A分子筛、CaO催化剂、矾土和石英砂等5种催化剂为焦油组分裂催化剂。研究表明此5种催化剂对1－甲基萘的裂解都具有催化活性,10h反应时间内,5A分子筛和Ni 基催化剂对1－甲基萘的转化率为100％,CaO催化剂、矾土和石英砂对1－甲基萘的转化率则较低。同时研究了温度对Ni－3催化剂和5A分子筛的转化率的影响。为了进行比较也测试了Ni-3催化剂对苯的转化率,总包一级反应线性回归出催化剂在250－500℃的裂解活化能为22.17kJ/mol.     

污水处理厂污泥的低温催化热解制油研究

采用低温催化热解工艺处理大连市马栏河污水处理厂的污泥，考察了反应温度（250-320℃）、反应时间（30～90min）、催化剂Na2CO3的用量对产油率的影响。结果表明，温度越高则产油率也越高；经过约75min的热解后反应趋于平衡；Na2CO3的最佳用量为4g／100g污泥。在反应温度为270℃、Na2CO3用量为4g／100g污泥的条件下热解75min后，产油率可达18．4％。该工艺为污水厂剩余污泥的处理与处置提供了一个新的途径。     

颗粒尺寸效应对碳纳米管负载镍氨分解制氢催化性能影响

采用超声浸渍法制备出不同Ni担载量的Ni/CNTs催化剂,并以其进行氨分解反应测试制氢性能.实验结果表明:催化剂的活性先随着担载量的升高而增大,当Ni含量为5%时,催化活性达到最高(氨转化率为90.5%).其后,活性则随Ni担载量升高而大幅下降.为了研究其影响机理,对催化剂采用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、程序升温还原(H2-TPR)等表征技术进行了表征.实验结果表明,在各催化剂表面Ni金属颗粒都均匀地负载在碳管表面,但随着担载量的升高,催化剂颗粒尺寸也随之增大,特别在高担载量下,催化剂表面Ni颗粒的粒径迅速增大和出现一定团聚,导致催化活性明显下降.     

多金属微电解法处理腈纶废水研究

文章通过实验室废水处理实验，研究不同反应条件对纳米化处理的多金属微电解催化剂性能的影响。结果表明：催化剂散装、曝气强度中等、20℃、pH为酸性条件下，反应效果较好，CODCr去除率最高可达60％，TOC的去除率最高可达50％，长时间反应有助于提高废水可生化性。催化剂使用一段时间后，比表面积下降，孔径增大；推测反应机理为污染物首先吸附在催化剂上，在多金属微电解的作用下污染物发生降解反应，长时间烘干有利于催化剂活性的恢复。     

热煤气中有机硫转化催化剂使用条件的探讨

考察了Ｎｉ基催化剂在不同操作条件下（反应温度、空速、进口气体的硫含量等）对煤气中有机硫催化转化活性的影响。     

二氧化铈催化分解水中臭氧的性能研究

通过静态试验,初步探讨了CeO2催化分解水中臭氧的机理,并考察了温度、H2O2、SO24-以及不同CeO2投量对CeO2催化分解臭氧的影响。结果表明,相对于羟基氧化铁催化分解臭氧以及单独分解臭氧而言,当以CeO2为催化剂时,在反应开始后的1 m in内,由于臭氧与CeO2-X发生氧化还原反应,臭氧分解速率非常快;CeO2抑制了O3+H2O2体系以及高温(35℃)下臭氧的分解,投加SO24-后,这种抑制作用逐渐消除;增加CeO2投量只加快了反应初期臭氧的分解,之后臭氧浓度仍较稳定。     

催化湿式氧化法处理炼油碱渣废水试验研究

采用催化湿式氧化法对炼油碱渣废水进行处理，研究了活性组分种类、载体种类、负载量对催化活性的影响，以及投加量、温度、氧气压力和催化剂重复使用对氧化过程的影响。结果表明，γ-Al2O3负载10％Mn催化剂具有较好的催化活性，最佳投加量为2g／L；在温度为220℃、氧气压力为2．0MPa的优化条件下反应2h，对COD的去除率可达到92．3％，出水pH值降至8．16，能达到污水处理厂的进水要求。催化剂的重复使用性好，CeO2的加入可以减少活性组分的溶出量。     

超声辅助生物法还原法制备Ag/ZrO_2及其催化研究

为了实现丙酮醛的经济、"绿色"规模化生产,低温条件下具有高催化性能的催化剂的研究成为关键。以芳樟叶浸出液作为还原剂,在超声辅助下,制备了用于1,2-丙二醇选择氧化制备丙酮醛的反应的Ag/ZrO2催化剂。考察了催化反应温度和催化剂制备条件对其反应性能的影响,并采用XRD、TEM、UV-vis DRS实验技术对所制备的催化剂进行了表征。实验结果表明:在银的理论负载量为9%(质量分数)、芳樟叶浸出液质量浓度为0.05g/mL、70 W功率下超声60min、450℃焙烧2.0h条件下得到的Ag/ZrO2催化剂可获得最佳催化反应性能,在340℃,1,2-丙二醇的转化率达到96.8%,丙酮醛的选择性达到73.3%。     

Status of biodiesel production using heterogeneous alkaline catalysts

This paper describes biodiesel production using heterogeneous alkaline catalysts instead of the conventional homogenous alkaline catalysts, such as NaOH, KOH or sodium methoxide, for the methanolysis reaction, in the search for more profitable and sustainable alternatives regarding biodiesel production. The heterogeneous catalytic process has many differences from that currently used in industrial homogeneous processes. The main advantage is that it requires lower investment costs, as there is no need for separation steps such as methanol/catalyst, biodiesel/catalyst and glycerine/catalyst. This paper also describes experimental work towards the development of new heterogeneous alkaline catalysts able to produce biodiesel from vegetable oils. The research has resulted in the selection of CaO and CaO modified with alkaline and alkaline earth metal catalysts. They show very good catalytic performances with high activity and stability. In fact, biodiesel (FAME) yields higher than 94% were observed in several consecutive reaction batches without expensive intermediate reactivation procedures. Therefore, those catalysts appear to be suitable for biodiesel production.     

Doping of biogenic Pd catalysts with Au enables dechlorination of diclofenac at environmental conditions

By using the metal reducing capacities of bacteria, Pd nanoparticles can be produced in a sustainable way (‘bio-Pd’). These bio-Pd nanoparticles can be used as a catalyst in, for example, dehalogenation reactions. However, some halogenated compounds are not efficiently degraded using a bio-Pd catalyst. This study shows that the activity of bio-Pd can be improved by doping with Au(0) (‘bio-Pd/Au’). In contrast with bio-Pd, bio-Pd/Au could perform the removal of the model pharmaceutical compound diclofenac from an aqueous medium in batch experiments at neutral pH and with H₂ as the hydrogen donor (first order decay constant of 0.078 ± 0.009 h⁻¹). Dehalogenation was for both catalysts the only observed reaction. For bio-Pd/Au, a disproportional increase of catalytic activity was observed with increasing Pd-content of the catalyst. In contrast, when varying the Au-content of the catalyst, a Pd/Au mass ratio of 50/1 showed the highest catalytic activity (first order decay value of 0.52 ± 0.02 h⁻¹). The removal of 6.40 μg L⁻¹ diclofenac from a wastewater treatment plant effluent using bio-Pd was not possible even after prolonged reaction time. However, by using the most active bio-Pd/Au catalyst, 43.8 ± 0.5% of the initially present diclofenac could be removed after 24 h. This study shows that doping of bio-Pd nanoparticles with Au(0) can be a promising approach for the reductive treatment of wastewaters containing halogenated contaminants.     

功能化离子液体催化氧化偏三甲苯合成 2,3,5- 三甲基苯醌

以磺酸基功能化离子液体与CuCl2的配合物为催化剂,H2O2为氧化剂,直接催化氧化偏三甲苯合成2,3,5-三甲基苯醌。考察了催化剂用量与配比、反应温度、反应时间等因素对反应的影响。探讨了功能离子液体与CuCl2的配合物催化氧化反应机理。该催化剂体系具有较好的活性和选择性,2,3,5-三甲基苯醌产率达78.7%,纯度为99.5%。该方法具有原子经济性好,生产成本低,环境污染小,催化剂可循环利用,为工业生产2,3,5-三甲基苯醌提供了一种较好的方法。     

微波催化氧化处理垃圾渗滤液工况研究

采用自制Fe—O／CeO2催化剂和正交设计试验方法,研究了微波催化氧化技术处理垃圾渗滤液的四个主要影响因素对COD去除率的影响,并得出处理工艺的最佳工况,结果表明：最佳处理工况为Fe-O／CeO2投加量10g／L,H2O2投加量22．5mL／L,微波功率800W,微波辐射时间8min,此时CODCr的去除率为69％。     

Catalytic dechlorination of chlorophenols in water by palladium/iron

Three isomer chlorophenols, o-, m-, p-chlorophenol, were dechlorinated by palladium/iron powder in water through catalytic reduction. The dechlorinated reaction is believed to take place on the surface site of the catalyst in a pseudo-first-order reaction. The reduction product for all the three isomers is phenol. The dechlorination rate increases with increase of bulk loading of palladium due to the increase of both the surface loading of palladium and the total surface area. The molecular structure also has an effect on the dechlorination rate. For conditions with 0.048% Pd/Fe, the rate constants are 0.0215, 0.0155 and 0.0112 min-1 for o-, m-, p-chlorophenol, respectively. Almost complete dechlorination is achieved within 5 h.     

多相催化臭氧氧化法处理甲萘酚废水

以活性炭为载体、钾为助催化剂,采用浸渍法制备了Cu-K/AC催化剂,并考察了该催化剂催化臭氧氧化处理甲萘酚废水的效能.结果表明,当甲萘酚废水的COD为3 000 mg/L、含油量为120 mg/L时,在室温、pH=3、反应时间为120 min、催化剂投量为100 g/L、臭氧流量为5.2mg/min的条件下,催化臭氧氧化对COD及油类物质的去除率分别达到了93%和98%;臭氧氧化和催化臭氧氧化对COD的降解过程均符合表观一级反应动力学方程.     

Durability of a coating containing titanium dioxide for the photocatalytic degradation of diclofenac in water with UV‐A irradiation

A novel catalyst was used for lab scale photocatalytic experiments. It was a carbon doped titanium dioxide which was designed to create an energy efficient photocatalytic process. The titanium dioxide is able to absorb UV‐A radiation and parts of the visible light spectrum. The catalyst was immobilized to a glass sheet. UV‐A radiation was used for the degradation of the pharmaceutical diclofenac in water to investigate the applicability of the catalyst to degrade organic micropollutants. With the given experimental setup hydroxyl radicals were generated and diclofenac was degraded below the limit of quantification. However, reaction rates are rather slow and the material properties of the catalyst showed the need of improvement. This is because the properties of the coating were influenced by the release of inorganic binder. Therefore, the coating and possibly the titanium dioxide were washed off and the reaction rates decreased drastically after 80 hours of use.     

铁层柱蒙脱石处理垃圾渗滤液

采用铁盐水解聚合物为柱化剂改性钠基蒙脱石,制备了铁层柱蒙脱石催化剂,将其用于微波诱导催化处理经常规生化处理的垃圾渗滤液,进行深度处理。实验结果表明：初始COD浓度为1 100 mg/L～1 300 mg/L的垃圾渗滤液,以铁层柱蒙脱石作为催化剂,在微波功率600 W,辐照时间30 s条件下,经微波诱导催化处理后,COD去除率达到39%,并对微波作用机理进行了初步探讨。     

聚氨酯防水涂料预聚体的快速合成

描述了聚氨酯防水涂料预聚体的快速合成生产工艺 ,讨论了复合催化剂、pH值、溶剂对预聚体质量的影响。该工艺具有生产反应时间短、工艺简单、操作方便、成本低和游离—NCO含量低等优点。