TiC颗粒增强钛基复合材料的摩擦磨损性能

采用Ti粉末分别与碳化物Mo2C和VC粉末混合,通过冷等静压、真空高温烧结原位生成6种不同成分的TiC颗粒增强钦基复合材料,用UMT-3型摩擦试验机研究合金元素Mo和V以及Mo2C、VC添加量对钛基复合材料干磨擦性能的影响.测定不同样品的洛氏硬度和基体的显微硬度,用金相显微镜(OM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)观察和分析样...     

镁基复合材料在干摩擦条件下的抗磨损性能研究进展

镁基复合材料具有高的比强度和比刚度,具备替代密度较大的钢或铝基结构材料的巨大潜力。但镁基复合材料的抗磨损性能较差,对其抗磨损性能的研究相对较少。通过加入强化相、稀土或原位合成强化相,热处理,表面处理等方法可在某些摩擦条件下不同程度地提高镁基材料的抗磨损性能。本文总结了近几十年来对镁基复合材料抗磨损性能的研究进展,并提出了基体的合金化和形成有效金属间化合物是提高镁基复合材料整体抗磨损性能的有效方法。     

原位生成TiC颗粒对铁基合金组织及性能的影响

通过向Fe—Al-B合金中添加C和Ti元素的方法，在合金中原位生成了TiC颗粒，利用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和能谱仪分析了添加TiC前后材料中相的变化、显微组织的变化及材料中各相的化学成分。结果表明，在合金中原位生成TiC颗粒后，合金组织明显得到细化，其耐熔锌腐蚀性能及强度也有大幅度提高。     

气固反应原位生成TiC颗粒增强钛基复合材料

以氢化脱氢钛粉为原料, 经冷等静压成型, 在一定温度下通过CH4和钛粉颗粒间的气固反应在钛粉表面原位生成均匀的TiC颗粒, 采用真空烧结技术制备得到氧含量(体积分数)低于0.2%的TiC颗粒增强钛基复合材料。研究表明, TiC颗粒体积分数比可通过气固反应温度和时间控制, 可获得较高体积分数(> 30%)的TiC颗粒增强钛基复合材料。TiC首先在钛粉颗粒表面形成, 烧结过程中, 钛粉颗粒明显阻碍TiC晶粒长大, 细化TiC晶粒; 同时, 过多的TiC颗粒也阻碍烧结过程中钛的自扩散, 降低烧结相对密度。钛粉压坯在700℃、CH4气氛下发生气固反应(30 min), 再经1300℃烧结后获得的相对密度为98.6%的烧结试样, 试样的综合力学性能较好, 抗拉强度为606 MPa, 延伸率达14.4%, 硬度为HV 442。值得注意的是, 较短时间的气固反应不能够保证压坯内外整体实现原位生成均匀TiC颗粒, 导致烧结试样内外组织的不均性。     

原位自生钛基复合材料的研究进展

原位自生钛基复合材料以其高比强度和高比模量引起了人们的广泛关注,尤其是如何提高其高温性能成为近年来钛基复合材料研究的热点.该文详细综述了原位自生钛基复合材料的各种制备方法、增强体与钛基体的选择、各种增强体的反应体系以及原位自生钛基复合材料的组织结构与力学性能,指出了原位自生钛基复合材料今后的发展方向.     

锻造对TiC颗粒增强钛基复合材料组织和性能的影响

对原位生成TiC颗粒增强钛基复合材料进行锻造,通过金相显微镜(OPM)、扫描电镜(SEM)和能谱分析(EDS)等手段,研究锻造后材料的显微组织及拉伸断口形貌,利用CETR UMT-3多功能微摩擦磨损测试仪测定材料的摩擦磨损行为。结果表明:锻造后钛基复合材料的组织缺陷得到消除,晶粒明显细化,抗拉强度由1 126 MPa提高到1 309 MPa;材料拉伸断口为TiC解理断裂与基体局部延性断裂相结合的混合型断口。随载荷不断增加,TiC粒子首先断裂,裂纹在基体中迅速扩展,导致复合材料失效。在摩擦实验初期,材料的摩擦因数较小且较稳定,而后期摩擦因数变化幅度较大;随时间延长,磨损面上的TiC颗粒发生破碎,失去承载作用,导致磨损量变大;摩擦磨损过程中材料表面Ti发生氧化,形成氧化磨损;锻造后材料的磨损量及摩擦因数都减小。     

预扩散处理对原位生成TiC_p/Fe基粉末冶金复合材料组织与性能的影响

将水雾化Fe粉与Ni粉、Mo粉、Ti粉混合均匀,然后在800℃、50%H2+50%Ar(体积分数)气氛保护下进行预扩散处理,将预扩散粉与电解Cu粉和石墨粉混合,通过压制与烧结,制备Ti C颗粒增强Fe基复合材料。通过X射线衍射分析、扫描电镜及能谱分析和力学性能测试等手段,研究预扩散处理对原位生成Ti Cp/Fe基粉末冶金材料组织与性能的影响。结果表明:Fe-Ni-Mo-Ti混合粉在800℃下预扩散处理后形成表面粗糙的团球状预扩散粉末颗粒,但合金元素在Fe粉颗粒内分布不均匀。与用混合粉制成的Ti Cp/Fe基复合材料相比,用预扩散粉制备的材料孔隙率略有增加。随预扩散时间延长,材料中富Ti区的尺寸减小,组织明显细化,珠光体分布更均匀,同时形成大量弥散分布的粒径在0.1~0.5μm的Ti C颗粒。材料的硬度和抗弯强度都随原料粉预扩散时间延长而提高,用60 min预扩散粉制成的Ti Cp/Fe基复合材料的硬度HRB和抗弯强度分别达到63.6和613.7 MPa,比用混合粉制成的Ti Cp/Fe基复合材料分别提高11.8%和38.3%。用预扩散粉末制备的Fe基复合材料的断裂形式为具有一定韧性断裂特征的脆性断裂。     

原位生成超细VC颗粒增强铁基复合材料

用SEM、XRD检测VC颗粒增强复合材料的相和组织结构,证实了在较低温度下石墨有促进σ-FeV相分解的作用并分析了其原因。讨论了烧结温度对VC颗粒大小和分布的影响,在850℃固相烧结时,钒的碳化反应能够完成,而且VC颗粒不易长大,原位生成小于0．5μm的超细晶粒。     

添加碲对Ni-Cr合金磨损性能影响的研究

研究在镍基自熔性合金粉末中加入微量的碲元素以稳定材料的硬度及抗磨损能力和综合性能.通过对碲镍铬自熔性合金材料进行显微组织分析、硬度测试分析、摩擦磨损行为以及磨损形貌分析,表明碲镍铬自熔性合金材料具有硬度高、耐磨损性能好等特点.     

原位混杂增强钛基复合材料的制备与组织分析

理论上分析了由Ti-B₄C-C系原位自生制备TiB晶须(TiBw)和TiC颗粒(TiCp)混杂增强钛基复合材料的可行性.运用热分析方法(DSC)研究了一定量的钛粉、碳化硼粉与碳粉的混合粉末在加热过程中的反应情况.结果显示复合材料原始粉末加热过程中在940~1150℃这一温度范围内发生剧烈的放热现象,有可能生成了新相.XRD检测分析结果显示在烧结态材料中形成了TiB与TiC,而且TiC的含量随所添加的C含量增加而增加.OM与SEM分析表明复合材料中存在棒状TiB晶须和近似等轴状TiC颗粒两种不同形态的增强体,并且两种增强种体均匀的分布在基体中.实验结果表明,可以采用反应热压法由Ti-B₄C-C系制备原位自生TiB晶须和TiC颗粒混杂增强的钛基复合材料.     

Influence of process parameters on thickness and wear resistance of rare earth modified chromium coatings on P110 steel synthesized by pack cementation

The pack cementation was employed to produce rare earth modified chromium coatings on P110 steel aiming at improving its performance and increasing the usage lifetime during operation. The orthogonal array design (OAD) was applied to set experiments. Contents of NH4Cl, types of RE, contents of RE, test temperature and soaking time were the main factors, and each factor was endowed with four levels. While the range analysis and analysis of variance were used to investigate the results of OAD tests on thickness and wear resistance. The results indicated that for a promising coating with higher thickness value and excellent anti-wear property, the test temperature was the most significant process factor. The potential promising conditions for chromizing treatment were: adding 1% NH4Cl and 1% LaCl3, maintaining the test temperature at 1000 oC for 8 h. The results of verification showed that the coating formed under the optimal process parameter had a valid thickness of 28 μm and a reduction of 0.32 mg in wear resistance test.     

稀土元素在钢中的作用及对钢性能的影响

近年来稀土在钢中的作用受到越来越广泛的重视,只有掌握稀土在钢中的作用规律,才能更好的控制钢的性能、优化钢的质量。阐述了稀土元素在钢中的作用机理主要有净化作用、变质作用、细化晶粒、微合金化作用,并结合生产实践和科学研究,总结了稀土对钢性能的影响。     

Effect of rare earth elements on the thermal cracking resistance of high speed steel rolls

The effect of rare earth elements on the thermal cracking resistance of high speed steel (HSS) rolls was investigated. Laser rapid heating was used for thermal fatigue experiments. Thermal cracks and microstructure were observed using metalloscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that thermal cracks initiated from the interface between the matrix and eutectic carbides (including M6C and M7C3 type carbides),and propagated along the interface between the two phases. MC type carbides enriched with vanadium could prevent the propagation of thermal cracks. The presence of rare earth elements decreased the quantity of big eutectic carbides,and proportionally increased spherical and rod-shaped MC type carbide content. HSS0 (0.00% RE) had approximately three times the thermal cracking density of HSS3 (0.12 wt.% RE). Rare earth elements were shown to significantly improve the microstructure and thermal cracking resistance of HSS rolls.     

稀土原地浸矿区地下水污染风险评价方法研究

在综合解析稀土矿区水文地质特征、原地浸矿工艺特征,以及地下水水源地的基础上,构建了地下水脆弱性、污染源和地下水价值的综合评价耦合模型,提出了针对离子型稀土原地浸矿区地下水污染风险评价的多指标评价方法,确定了系统的地下水污染风险评价指标体系.利用构建的评价方法,以我国南方某离子型稀土矿区为例,进行了地下水污染风险评价,确定了主要污染风险区域.结果表明,地下水污染风险评价分级与实际地下水水质观测的污染程度基本吻合,所建方法是合理有效的.     

碱熔预处理对废旧稀土荧光粉中稀土提取的影响

针对废旧稀土荧光粉特性,采用高温碱熔与酸浸相结合的方法处理废旧稀土荧光粉,考察碱熔温度、氢氧化钠用量、碱熔时间对稀土浸出率和铝回收率的影响,并对碱熔过程中的物相及形貌变化进行分析.结果表明,在碱熔温度为1050℃、氢氧化钠与废粉质量比为2.5∶1、碱熔时间为2 h 条件下,其稀土浸出率可达98%以上,铝回收率可达98%.通过对碱熔产物物相和形貌分析表明,废粉晶体结构被有效破坏,其中稀土以稀土氧化物形式存在,碱熔产物变成无定型云絮状.     

Laser cladding in-situ carbide particle reinforced Fe-based composite coatings with rare earth oxide addition

Particulate reinforced metal matrix composite(PR-MMC) has excellent properties such as good wear resistance,corrosion resistance and high temperature properties.Laser cladding is usually used to form PR-MMC on metal surface with various volume fractions of ceramic particles.Recent literatures showed that laser melting of powder mixture containing carbon and carbide-forming elements,was favorable for the formation of in-situ synthesized carbide particles.In this paper,rare earth oxide(RE2O3) was added into t...     

Y对原位Mg2Si/Al基复合材料初生相Mg2Si的细化机制

选用稀土Y和采用普通重力铸造法制备原位自生Mg2Si/Al基复合材料,研究不同含量的稀土Y对初生相Mg2Si形貌、尺寸和力学性能的改变.结果表明:稀土Y对Mg2Si/Al复合材料的凝固组织有影响;添加Y处理的Mg2Si/Al基复合材料的Mg2Si颗粒变得更加细小;通过计算二维错配度,发现Y可以作为初生相Mg2Si的异质形核质点从而细化颗粒,同时Y与Al相互作用形成Al3Y相可阻止Mg2Si相长大;此时铸态Mg2Si/Al合金复合材料的力学性能得到改善,其最大抗拉强度和延伸率分别为144 MPa和4.19％.     

Global rare earth resources and scenarios of future rare earth industry

It is known to all that China is abundant in rare earth resources.But rare earth deposits are really not that rare in the earth crust.In the five continents,i.e.Asia,Europe,Australia,North and South America,and Africa,there are about thirty four countries found to have rare earth deposits;Brazil might surpass China and rank the first in rare earth deposits.At present,investment in rare earth production was surged,there have been about 200 projects,and the total production for 25 of them would be more than 170 thousand tons after 2015,a multi-supply system on rare earths is being established worldwide.Cautions on the investment of rare earth production are involved.     

Effect of cerium on abrasive wear behaviour of hardfacing alloy

Hardfacing alloys with different amounts of ceria were prepared by self-shielded flux cored arc welding.The abrasion tests were carried out using the dry sand-rubber wheel machine according to JB/T 7705-1995 standard.The hardness of hardfacing deposits was meas-ured by means of HR-150AL Rockwell hardness test and the fracture toughness was measured by the indentation method.Microstructure characterization and surface analysis were made using optical microscopy,scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and energy spectrum analy-sis.The results showed that the wear resistance was determined by the size and distribution of the carbides,as well as by the matrix micro-structure.The main wear mechanisms observed at the surfaces included micro-cutting and micro-ploughing of the matrix.The addition of ceria improved the hardness and fracture toughness of hardfacing deposits,which would increase the resistance to plastic deformation and scratch,thus the wear resistance of hardfacing alloys was improved.