羟乙基纤维素接枝环氧大豆油高分子表面活性剂的合成及性能

以羟乙基纤维素(HEC)与环氧大豆油(ESO)为原料,四氯化锡(Sn Cl4)为催化剂,二甲亚砜(DMSO)为溶剂,在室温下反应制备了羟乙基纤维素接枝环氧大豆油(ESO-HEC);ESO-HEC经碱性水解后,用酸处理得到羟乙基纤维素接枝环氧大豆油水解的酸性产物(H-ESO-HEC);再通过Na OH中和H-ESO-HEC结构中的羧酸基团,得到3种HESO-HEC-Na高分子表面活性剂。通过FT-IR表征了3种表面活性剂酸性产物H-ESO-HEC的结构;热重测试表明H-ESO-HEC比HEC具有更好的热稳定性;动态表面张力测试表明当H-ESO-HEC-Na的质量浓度升高,动态表面张力下降,且质量浓度达到临界胶束浓度时,最小表面张力值可达29 m N/m;泡沫性能测试表明随着ESO接枝量的增多,H-ESO-HEC-Na高分子表面活性剂的起泡和稳泡能力逐渐增强;通过对H-ESO-HEC-Na水溶液/庚烷的界面张力进行测试,发现不同条件制备得到的H-ESO-HEC-Na水溶液/庚烷的最低界面张力值接近,为9.8 m N/m左右。     

碱溶性羟乙基纤维素在复合溶剂体系中的流变性能

使用平行板流变仪,以氢氧化钠/硫脲/尿素/水溶液作为碱溶性羟乙基纤维素(HEC)的复合溶剂,研究了HEC在该溶剂体系中的流变性能,并考察了剪切速率、温度及溶液浓度对溶液的非牛顿指数、结构黏度指数及黏流活化能的影响。结果表明:溶液属于切力变稀型假塑性流体,随溶液温度下降及浓度增加,溶液的表观黏度和结构黏度指数增大,非牛顿性增强;该溶液的黏流活化能随着剪切速率的增加而下降。     

离子液体中疏水改性羟乙基纤维素的合成

采用大分子反应法,将疏水性单体l-溴代十二烷(BD)接枝到羟乙基纤维素(HEC)上,对羟乙基纤维素进行疏水改性,制备了疏水改性羟乙基纤维素(HMHEC)。研究了离子液体种类、反应温度、羟乙基纤维素浓度和BD用量对HMHEC性能的影响。最佳合成条件为:HEC浓度为3%(质量分数),溶解时间1 h,溶解温度100℃,反应时间2 h,反应温度80℃,BD用量为2 mL。在1-烯丙基-2-甲基-咪唑氯盐体系中合成的HMHEC性能好于在1-丁基-2-甲基咪唑氯盐中合成的HMHEC。     

STRUCTURE~ CEL 乙基羟乙基纤维素在皂基沐浴露中的应用

StructureR詳CEL 4400E是一种新型的、使用方便的水溶性非离子流变调节剂,具有优异的增稠效果、外观改善性能和泡沫改进特性。实验表明,在皂基沐浴露体系中,Structure CEL 4400E在增稠,提高配方稳定性,增泡和稳泡性能上,都优于羟乙基纤维素和羟丙基甲基纤维素。     

AKD改性羟乙基纤维素的合成及使用性能

采用异丙醇为溶剂,利用淤浆法在羟乙基纤维素(HEC)的制备过程引入一种改性试剂烷基或链烯基乙烯酮二聚体(AKD)以对其进行改性,比较改性HEC与未改性HEC的耐温性、耐盐性及耐酶性等使用性能,测试结果表明,AKD的引入使得改性HEC的使用性能得到一定的提高。     

疏水改性羟乙基纤维素缔合增稠机理研究

疏水改性羟乙基纤维素(HMHEC)通过疏水缔合与水分子有较强的相互作用,从而表现出显著的增稠增黏性、耐温耐盐性和抗剪切稳定性,作为黏度控制剂、涂料添加剂、石油开采助剂具有广泛的应用前景.今研究了HMHEC对颜料粒子CaCO3和高岭土的吸附作用机理,实验发现HMHEC对颜料粒子的吸附量随HMHEC的浓度的增大而增大,随温度和颜料粒子浓度的升高而减少;通过激光粒度仪、Zeta电位仪等测试考察了HMHEC与颜料粒子吸附前后粒径以及Zeta电位的变化情况,发现了HMHEC与颜料粒子之间的相互作用除了范德华力,氢键力和静电力以外,疏水缔合作用力也起到了非常重要的作用;最后比较了HMHEC对不同类型颜料粒子的作用机理以及解释了其在涂料中的缔合增稠机理.     

羟乙基纤维素改性水性聚氨酯涂料的制备及性能研究

本文以甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)、聚醚二元醇(N210)、2,2-二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA)、一缩二乙二醇(DEG)和羟乙基纤维素(HEC)等为主要原料,制备纤维素改性水性聚氨酯涂料(WPU)。测试分析结果表明HEC成功接枝到聚氨酯分子链中,使乳液的粘度增加。而且,由于HEC与聚氨酯生成交联结构,胶膜的铅笔硬度、附着力等性能有所提高。当HEC含量为0.5%时性能最佳。     

Interactions between anionically modified hydroxyethyl cellulose and cationic surfactants

Macroscopic properties of aqueous solutions of several modified hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) samples and their interactions with cationic surfactants are studied by solubility, light scattering, electric birefringence, rheology, and surface tension measurements. Modified HEC samples carry anionic groups (an-HEC D0) and anionic and hydrophobic groups in random distribution (HM-an-HEC D1–D4). The molar substitution of anionic (an) groups is about 0.07 in all samples while that of the hydrophobic (HM) groups ranges from 0 in an-HEC D0 to 0.012 in HM-an-HEC D4. In a 1 wt% solution this corresponds to 2.7 mM anionic and 0 to 0.46 mM hydrophobic groups. In the dilute concentration range the polymers behave like typical polyelectrolytes whereas in the semi-dilute range they resemble uncharged polymers. On addition of oppositely charged surfactants the phase behavior of all polyelectrolytes is similar. With increasing surfactant concentrations the transparent solutions become turbid and the phases separate. Finally, resolubilization takes place with excess surfactant concentrations. With the HM-an-HEC compounds viscoelastic solutions are formed with cationic surfactants. The intermolecular interaction between hydrophobic parts of the polymers and the surfactants and interactions of oppositely charged ionic groups of the two components lead to formation of a temporary network with gel-like properties. With an-HEC the interaction can only take place via charges. Viscosity enhancement with increasing surfactant concentration is therefore lower with an-HEC than with HM-an-HEC compounds.     

Study on the rheological behavior of the hydrophobically modified hydroxyethyl cellulose with 1,2‐epoxyhexadecane*

Through the macromolecule reaction method, the hydrophobically modified hydroxyethyl cellulose (EP16–HAHEC) was synthesized using 1, 2‐epoxyhexadecane as the hydrophobic monomer. The solution properties of EP16–HAHEC were comprehensively investigated, which showed that the polymer with enhanced; viscosification property, thermal stability, shear resistance, and salt resistance was obtained. Amphiphilic structure of EP16–HAHEC molecules contributed to the surface activity of the polymer. By forming complex solution with surfactants or carboxylmethyl cellulose (CMC), the viscosification property of EP16–HAHEC could be enhanced through the interactions of hydrophobic groups and hydrogen bonds. The viscosity‐enhancing mechanism of HAHEC was studied by the environment scan electronic microscope (ESEM) and the fluorescence spectrum measurements, which demonstrated that the formation of the supramolecular aggregation networks was coincident with the increase of the apparent viscosity of HAHEC. With the gradual formation of the complete polymer molecule networks, the apparent viscosity rised dramatically, and the associating aggregations of the polymer molecules appeared far before the great change of the macroproperty of the polymer. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 2953–2959, 2006     

Thermotropic behavior of lithocholic acid derivative linked hydroxyethyl cellulose

Various mesogenic lithocholic acid (LA) derivatives [3‐acetyl LA (LAAC); 3‐propionyl LA (LAP), 3‐cinnamoyl LA (LACin); 3‐benzoyl LA (LAB), 3‐(4‐nitrobenzoyl) LA (LANB); and methyl‐3‐(3‐carboxypropionyl) LA, i.e., LA methyl ester monosuccinate (LAMeMS)] were reacted with hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) to obtain a series of LA derivatives of HEC. These polymers were characterized by the mesogen content, IR, differential scanning calorimetry, and hot‐stage coupled polarizing optical microscopy. The degree of substitution (DS) ranged from 0.27 to 1.11. Polymers HEC‐LAB (DS = 1.11), HEC‐LANB (DS = 0.80), HEC‐LACin (DS = 0.76), and HEC‐LAP (DS = 0.27) exhibited a mesophase on heating whereas HEC‐LAB also showed a mesophase on cooling. The other polymers HEC‐LAAC (DS = 0.89) and HEC‐LAMeMS (DS = 0.36) did not reveal mesophase formation with either heating or cooling. It is observed that the formation of a mesophase is affected by the type of mesogen that is used rather than the mesogen content of the polymer. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 1995–2001, 2006     

新型阳离子羟乙基纤维素醚的合成

以羟乙基纤维素为原料、2-氯-4,6-二（N,N-二甲基-N-苄基-1,3-丙二胺）-1,3,5-均三嗪（BT）为改性剂,合成新型季铵盐阳离子羟乙基纤维素醚,讨论了影响产物取代度的主要因素。结果表明：在异丙醇稀释剂中,NaOH和改性剂的物料量比为1．2：1,改性剂和羟乙基纤维素的物料量比为1．5：1,反应温度为95℃、反应时间为5h时,产物的取代度最高达0．24。     

Thermotropic liquid crystalline behavior of cholesterol‐linked hydroxyethyl cellulose

A series of monocholesterylsuccinate (ChMS) derivatives of hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) were prepared with degree of substitution ranging from 0.6 to 2.0. They were characterized by ChMS content, infrared spectroscopy, polarizing microscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry. All these polymers displayed thermotropic liquid crystalline behavior on heating as well as on cooling. The transformation temperature was found to be influenced by the degree of substitution. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 72: 763–770, 1999     

羧甲基纤维素钠和羟乙基纤维素在日化产品中的应用

羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)和羟乙基纤维素(HEC)是纤维素醚类产品中使用范围最广的产品,它们是纤维素链上葡萄酐单元的羟基与醚化基团(氯乙酸或环氧乙烷)反应而成的。其水溶液是非牛顿性流体,黏度随剪切速率变化而与时间无关。溶液的黏度随浓度增大迅速增加,是使用范围最广的增稠剂和流变助剂。介绍了CMC和HEC的分子结构、合成制备、溶液特性和在日化产品应用的配方。     

Study of rheological behavior of hydrophobically modified hydroxyethyl cellulose

Hydrophobically modified hydroxyethyl cellulose (BD‐HAHEC) was synthesized by the macromolecular reaction of hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) with bromododecane (BD). Study of the effects of polymer concentration, shear rate, temperature, and electrolytes on the rheological behavior of BD‐HAHEC indicated that the polymers had high viscosity, excellent viscosity retention in brine water, good thermal stability, and surface activity. Furthermore, investigation of the micromorphology of BD‐HAHEC solutions revealed the close relationship of rheological behavior and a hydrophobically associating effect. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 3346–3352, 2006     

以羟乙基纤维素为骨架的环境敏感共聚物的合成及性能研究

通过铈离子在酸性条件下氧化还原引发,成功得到了以羟乙基纤维素(HEC)为主链,以聚甲基丙烯酸N,N-二甲氨基乙酯(PDMAEMA)为支链的接枝共聚物,利用红外、核磁对产物进行了结构表征;探讨了接枝聚合的反应机理;利用旋转流变仪对该共聚物的水溶液做了粘温曲线测试,对它的最低临界转变温度(LCST)进行了观察;通过透射电镜照片初步研究了接枝产物在不同pH值和不同外加盐浓度下的自组装行为。     

Associative behavior of hydrophobically modified hydroxyethyl celluloses (HMHECs) in waterborne coatings

The associative behavior of hydrophobically modified hydroxyethyl cellulose (HMHEC) in polymer dispersions has been determined as a function of the composition of both the associative thickener (AT) and the latex. How changes in interaction between HMHEC and the latex influence the rheology of the latex thickener systems is discussed. Adsorption of HMHECs onto an acrylic emulsion strongly depends on the hydrophobe type and degree of substitution, as well as on the molecular weight of the associative thickener. The degree of latex adsorption is influenced dramatically by the stabilization system utilized, that is choice and level of surfactant and carboxylic acid content, in addition to the composition of the monomer mix. Rheological measurements demonstrate that HMHECs of specific composition can provide gloss emulsion paints with a balance of rheological properties, combining excellent levelling with sag resistance.     

A study on the solution behavior of IPBC‐hydrophobically‐modified hydroxyethyl cellulose

Through the macromolecule reaction method, a series of 4‐isopropylbenzyl chloride (IPBC) hydrophobically‐modified hydroxyethyl cellulose (HAHEC) were synthesized. The use of suitable amount of hydrophobic monomer can ensure both the strong intermolecular association and good water‐solubility of HAHEC. Effects of polymer concentration, shear rates, temperature, and electrolytes on the solution behavior of HAHEC were comprehensively studied, which indicated that the polymers show high viscosification property, excellent viscosity retention in brine water, and surface activity. FTIR, DSC, and UV measurements were applied to characterize the molecular structure and composition of HAHEC to confirm the incorporation of hydrophobic group into the polymer chain. Atomic force microscope (AFM) and fluorescence spectrum measurements were applied to study the formation of the molecule aggregation and hydrophobic microdomain of HAHEC, and revealed the close relationship between the rheological behaviors and the hydrophobic viscosification effect. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 2824–2831, 2006