Transnational linkages of Indian science: A structural analysis

This study analyzes the pattern of transnational linkages of Indian science in eleven scientific fields (Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Earth & Space Science, Agriculture, Clinical Medicine, Biomedical Research, Engineering & Technology, Computer Science, and Materials Science) during the five-year period: 1990–1994. The following indicators are constructed to examine inter-field and inter-country differences in India’s transnational linkages: Internationalization index, Cooperation index, Cooperation extensiveness index and Affinity index. A four-category typology is proposed to classify the fields according to their propensities for attracting bilateral and multilateral cooperation with foreign countries. The structure of multidimensional system of relationships between India’s thirty-five most significant partner countries and eleven scientific fields is analyzed through correspondence analysis. A series of correspondence analyses are carried out on subsets of the multidimensional data to reveal the fine-grained structure of India’s cooperation links in clusters of specific fields and with clusters of specific countries.     

Intellectual structure of stem cell research: a comprehensive author co-citation analysis of a highly collaborative and multidisciplinary field

This study is an attempt to approach the intellectual structure of the stem cell research field 2004–2009 through a comprehensive author co-citation analysis (ACA), and to contribute to a better understanding of a field that has been brought to the forefront of research, therapy and political and public debates, which, hopefully, will in turn better inform research and policy. Based on a nearly complete and clean dataset of stem cell literature compiled from PubMed and Scopus, and using automatic author disambiguation to further improve results, we perform an exclusive all-author ACA of the 200 top-ranked researchers of the field by fractional citation count. We find that, despite the theoretically highly interdisciplinary nature of the field, stem cell research has been dominated by a few central medical research areas—cancer and regenerative medicine of the brain, the blood, the skin, and the heart—and a core of cell biologists trying to understand the nature and the molecular biology of stem cells along with biotechnology researchers investigating the practical identification, isolation, creation, and culturing of stem cells. It is also remarkably self-contained, drawing only on a few related areas of cell biology. This study also serves as a baseline against which the effectiveness of a range of author-based bibliometric methods and indicators can be tested, especially when based on less comprehensive datasets using less optimal analysis methods.     

A management science approach to contingency models of organizational structure.

This study demonstrates the applicability of a quantitative modeling approach, specifically goal programming, in operationalizing the relationship between environmental variables and specific organizational structural variables for optimal goal attainment. A goal programming model is developed to analyze and determine the optimal relationships for goal attainment.     

Dynamics and structure of systems science

Systems science constitutes a specially difficult object of analysis as it is wide, interdisciplinary and shows ambiguity of notions and terms. These difficulties may be mastered, at least to some extent, with the aid of the analysis of the bibliographic citations system enabling a thorough study of the dynamics and structure of systems science. This paper presents the results of such analysis. Papers presented in Vienna at the Seventh European Meeting on Cybernetics and Systems Research (1984) formed the material, the analyses were made on.     

The evolution of data science and big data research: A bibliometric analysis

Scientometrics - In this study the evolution of Big Data (BD) and Data Science (DS) literatures and the relationship between the two are analyzed by bibliometric indicators that help establish the...     

International contribution to library and information science in Poland: A bibliometric analysis

This article reports findings from the study of the international contribution to the system of library and information science communication in Poland in the years 2003–2005. The sample consists of articles published both in selected journals and collective works. Two important dimensions determining the internationalization of local scholarly communication are considered: direct contribution (foreign authors’ articles and papers and their translations published in Poland) and indirect contribution (citedness of foreign authors’ documents in articles and papers published in Poland). Bibliographic data about the geographical distribution and affiliation of foreign authors are gathered and analyzed. Furthermore, the findings of citation analysis are presented to determine the percentage share of citations received by foreign documents as well as to find out what is the structure of such citations regarding the language and form, which thematic areas are most replete with such citations and which foreign journals are most cited in Poland.     

The evolution of the sleep science literature over 30 years: A bibliometric analysis

During the 1974–2004 period, the sleep literature had quadrupled (2384 publications in 1974, and 9721 in 2004) while overall scientific productivity had only doubled. The set of the seven most productive countries (USA, Japan, United Kingdom, Germany, France, Canada and Italy) in sleep research, and the geographical region distribution remained stable over the three decades. On the other hand several indicators appeared in the sleep research literature during the 1990s: the increasing productivity of sleep researchers; the growing number of countries publishing on sleep; the continuous creation of sleep-focused journals; the scattering of sleep publication among increasingly more scientific journals; the turnover among the leading journals; and the emergence of new entities such as China, Turkey, and the European Union.     

Strength and weakness of national science systems: A bibliometric analysis through cooperation patterns

In this study we have focused on long term developments of various types of scientific publishing, and the field-normalized impact generated by these various types. The types of scientific output distinguished are output resulting from international cooperation, national cooperation, and single address publications, in which no apparent cooperation is found. A fourth type is distinguished by focusing on first authorship, within the international cooperation output. Changes in especially the share of a country’s output from first-authored international cooperation and the share of single address publications can be regarded as indicators of strength and/or weakness of a science system.     

Specialties and disciplines in science and social science: An examination of their structure using citation indexes

The technique of co-citation cluster analysis is applied to a special three-year (1972–1974) file of theSocial Sciences Citation Index. An algorithm is devised for identifying clusters which belong to a discipline based on the percentage of source documents which appear in a disciplinary journal set. Clusters in three disciplines (economics, sociology and psychology) are identified using this algorthm. Clusters in a specialty of natural science (particle physics) obtained from the 1973Science Citation Index are compared and contrasted with the three groups of social sciences clusters. Certain common structural characteristics of the social science and natural science groups suggest that knowledge is developing in parts of the social science disciplines in a manner similar to the natural sciences.Prepared for presentation at the joint meeting of The Society for Social Studies of Science and the Research Committee on the Sociology of Science of the International Sociological Association, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, November 4–6, 1976.     

A co-word analysis of library and information science in China

This study aims to reveal the intellectual structure of Library and Information Science (LIS) in China during the period 2008–2012 utilizing co-word analysis. The status and trends of LIS in China are achieved by measuring the correlation coefficient of selected keywords extracted from relevant journals in the Chinese Journal Full-Text Database. In co-word analysis, multivariate statistical analysis and social network analysis are applied to obtain 13 clusters of keywords, a two-dimensional map, centrality and density of clusters, a strategic diagram and a relation network. Based on these results, the following conclusions can be drawn: (i) LIS in China has some established and well-developed research topics; (ii) a few emerging topics have a great potential for development; and (iii), the research topics in this LIS field are largely decentralized as a whole, where there are many marginal and immature topics.     

Identifying the global core-periphery structure of science

While there is a consensus that there is a core-periphery structure in the global scientific enterprise, there have not been many methodologies developed for identifying this structure. This paper develops a methodology by looking at the differences in the power law structure of article outputs and degree centrality distributions of countries. This methodology is applied to five different scientific fields: astronomy and astrophysics, energy and fuels, nanotechnology and nanosciences, nutrition, and oceanography. This methodology uncovers a two-tiered power law structure that exists in all examined fields. The core-periphery structure that is unique to each field is characterized by the core’s size, minimum degree, and exponent of its power law distribution. Stark differences are identified between technology and non-technology intensive scientific fields.     

Mapping the structure of science through usage

Summary Science has traditionally been mapped on the basis of authorship and citation data. Due to publication and citation delays such data represents the structure of science as it existed in the past. We propose to map science by proxy of journal relationships derived from usage data to determine research trends as they presently occur. This mapping is performed by applying a principal components analysis superimposed with a k-means cluster analysis on networks of journal relationships derived from a large set of article usage data collected for the Los Alamos National Laboratory research community. Results indicate that meaningful maps of the interests of a local scientific community can be derived from usage data. Subject groupings in the mappings corresponds to Thomson ISI subject categories. A comparison to maps resulting from the analysis of 2003 Thomson ISI Journal Citation Report data reveals interesting differences between the features of local usage and global citation data.     

BIE fracture mechanics analysis: 25 years of developments

Summary The past twenty five years have shown in many ways that the BIE formulation and its BEM implementation provide important contributions in two and three dimensional fracture mechanics analysis. The Somigliana stress identity plays a key role in these many investigations and applications. The experiences show that the BIE has unique capabilities to provide analytical insights and special results for fracture mechanics problems that are not found in the finite element methods.The success of the BIE formalism for these problems is directly derived from the fact that the BIE is a complete representation of the equilibrium equations, even in its numerical form (BEM). This experience suggests that further attempts to couple the analytical and numerical behavior of BIE's could be equally beneficial to other problem areas in mechanics.Most recent work on fracture analysis has focused on the nature of the hypersingular form of the Somigliana stress identity. It is expected that the non-singular forms of this identity will be the basis of new work on Green's functions, focusing on the three dimensional problem.Dedicated to the 10th anniversary of Computational Mechanics     

A journal co-citation analysis of library and information science in China

This paper aims to reveal the relationship and structure of library and information science (LIS) journals in China. 24 core LIS journals in China are selected and the relevant data of journal co-citation are retrieved from Chinese Journal Full-Text Database constructed by China National Knowledge Infrastructure during the period of 1999–2009. By calculating mean co-citation frequencies and correlation coefficients, we find that there is a strong relationship among LIS journals in China. Utilizing the methods of cluster analysis, multidimensional scaling analysis and factor analysis, we analyze the data of journal co-citation. LIS journals in China are divided into four clusters. The relatedness among journals is shown manifestly through their locations in the two-dimensional map. A three-factor solution is obtained with the factor loading of each journal. Finally, we interpret and discuss the results to get some conclusions and also expect to describe the network characters of journal co-citation in future research.     

A matrix analysis of scientific special ties and careers in science

A preliminary theoretical study is given of scientometric parameters such as co-authorship, co-references, co-citation, etc. The concept is based on a scientific space whose elements are the scientific articles and their authors. The matrix operations representing certain hypotheses as well as sound definitions of concepts used so far in scientometrics are discussed.     

Environmental science research in India: An analysis of publications

Investigates the trends in environmental science research in India with regard to its various branches, channels of communication used, authorship pattern of the papers, institution-wise output, rank of journals, extent of collaboration and scholarship of papers basing the entries noticed in theParyavaran Abstracts. Major areas of interest of Indian environmentalists are given and prolific investigators have been listed. Journals used by Indian workers for publication of their work are studied. Subject areas with number of papers, number of authors, and average authorship are tabulated.     

Surface science of plasma exposed surfaces: A challenge for applied plasma science

This article introduces a deterministic approach to using low-temperature, thermally non-equilibrium plasmas to synthesize delicate low-dimensional nanostructures of a small number of atoms on plasma exposed surfaces. This approach is based on a set of plasma-related strategies to control elementary surface processes, an area traditionally covered by surface science. Major issues related to balanced delivery and consumption of building units, appropriate choice of process conditions, and account of plasma-related electric fields, electric charges and polarization effects are identified and discussed in the quantum dot nanoarray context. Examples of a suitable plasma-aided nanofabrication facility and specific effects of a plasma-based environment on self-organized growth of size- and position-uniform nanodot arrays are shown. These results suggest a very positive outlook for using low-temperature plasma-based nanotools in high-precision nanofabrication of self-assembled nanostructures and elements of nanodevices, one of the areas of continuously rising demand from academia and industry.