ＩＳＴＲ法ＣＯ２回收工艺介绍

在ＭＥＡ法回收ＣＯ２的基础上改良的ＩＳＴＲ法回收ＣＯ２工艺,成功地应用在１００kt/a甲醇装置回收一段转化炉烟气中的低含量的ＣＯ２,以补充合成甲醇装置的碳资源,取得明显的经济效益,该工艺具有高效、节能、运行费用低、设备抗腐蚀性能强等特点,生产实践证明,该工艺是先进的,它为我国的碳资源利用提供了宝贵经验。     

中海石油天野化工甲醇合成塔及触媒运行控制

1装置介绍 中海石油天野化工股份有限公司油改气联产甲醇,是五环科技股份有限公司总承包设计的一套以天然气为原料,年产200kt甲醇的生产装置。主要工艺：一段蒸汽转化、操作压力2．85MPa、炉前补碳;低压合成甲醇、操作压力8．0MPa;3＋1塔精馏生产精甲醇;膜分离弛放气氢回收;MEA烟道气CO2回收工艺流程,CO2回收工序的碳源为一段转化炉的烟道气,回收的CO2气体为甲醇装置和尿素装置补充CO2气体,项目于2005年12月11日一次投料成功。     

吸附精馏法回收二氧化碳新工艺

随着吸附精馏法回收精制CO2工业化技术在多套装置的成功应用,一直被视为工业废气的CO2通过这一新的回收利用技术正在成为碳资源的有力补充。继海城镁砂公司、辽阳金兴化工厂等企业建成共计7万吨/年的CO2回收装置后,目前辽河炼油厂、湖北化肥厂等采用这一技术设计建造的CO2回收精制装置也将于近期投产。     

CO2吸附精馏法新技术

随着吸附精馏法回收精制CO2工业化技术在多套装置的成功应用，一直被视为工业废气的CO2通过这一新的回收利用技术正在成为碳资源的有力补充。继在海城镁砂公司、辽阳金兴化工厂等企业建成共计70kt／a的CO2回收装置后，目前辽河炼油厂、湖北化肥厂等采用这一技术设计建造的CO2回收精制装置也将于近期投产。     

甲醇醋酸联产系统中碳的高效回收与利用

介绍了兖矿国泰化工有限公司甲醇醋酸联产装置存在的问题,并综合考虑碳的高效循环利用,对甲醇脱碳系统和固定层连续富氧造气工艺安全性进行了技术改进与优化,对生产装置各工序所产出的CO2气通过处理后回收利用,形成CO2高效循环利用的多联产系统。改造后CO2纯度提高,醋酸生产规模提升到30万t/a。     

煤制甲醇和合成氨废气作为天然气生产甲醇补加CO_2源

该公司30万t/a以天然气为原料生产甲醇产品的过程中,产生过剩的氢随弛放气排放,另一处装置20万t/a煤制甲醇和10万t/a合成氨排放二氧化碳,造成资源浪费。通过技术改造,将原先作为废气排放的二氧化碳作为甲醇生产装置的补充碳源,该装置由蒸汽转化工艺改造为蒸汽转化前补碳工艺,从而大幅度降低天然气消耗和生产成本。在提高甲醇产品市场竞争力的同时,实现CO2减排。     

煤制甲醇和合成氨废气作为天然气生产甲醇补加CO2源

该公司30万t/a以天然气为原料生产甲醇产品的过程中,产生过剩的氢随弛放气排放,另一处装置20万t/a煤制甲醇和10万t/a合成氨排放二氧化碳,造成资源浪费.通过技术改造,将原先作为废气排放的二氧化碳作为甲醇生产装置的补充碳源,该装置由蒸汽转化工艺改造为蒸汽转化前补碳工艺,从而大幅度降低天然气消耗和生产成本.在提高甲醇产品市场竞争力的同时,实现CO2减排.     

焦炉煤气制甲醇合成系统补碳的研究

介绍了焦炉煤气制甲醇的工艺原理。以唐山中润煤化工有限公司为例,分析了甲醇合成工艺中普遍存在的合成气中CO2含量不足的原因及后果。为解决这一问题,提出通过外购液态CO2,并通过CO2气化装置将其气化对甲醇合成工艺进行补碳的措施。从7个方面介绍了再补碳过程中的注意事项。通过这一措施,可以显著提高甲醇产量和甲醇合成系统补碳的经济效益。     

烟道气CO2回收工艺在100kt／a甲醇装置的应用

格尔木炼油厂100kt／a甲醇装置采用天然气水蒸气转化法制取甲醇合成气,合成气中的氢碳比过高。为解决这一问题,2002年采用烟道气CO2回收技术,将回收的CO2补加至转化反应前,使转化气的组成得到了优化,甲醇产量大幅度提高,天然气单耗降低,甲醇运行效益明显增加。     

烟道气CO2回收改造方案

对烟道气CO2回收改造项目的背景、技术方案的比较与选定、改造工艺路线及特点进行了总体介绍。改造的总体方案是用改良MEA脱碳法从燃气快装锅炉的烟道气中回收3 000 m3/h(标态)CO2作为尿素、甲醇和碳酸二甲酯生产装置的补充原料气。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。