碱式硫酸镁晶须的改性及在改善聚丙烯复合材料阻燃性能上的应用

本文主要综述了碱式硫酸镁晶须的3种改性方法,主要包括：表面活性剂改性,偶联剂改性及复合改性剂改性。并通过两种常用的共混法——溶液共混和熔融共混法论述了改性碱式硫酸镁晶须在聚丙烯复合材料中的应用,并测定其复合材料的阻燃性能。在此基础上,分析两种常用的共混法在制备时的优缺点及应用领域,对改性碱式硫酸镁晶须更多的应用领域进行展望。     

复合材料胶接表面的等离子处理技术

介绍了等离子的定义,简要描述了等离子处理技术的原理及其在纤维表面改性的应用,综述了近年来国内外等离子处理技术在处理复合材料待胶接表面的研究进展,阐述了等离子处理技术在处理过程中需要重点考虑的几个关键因素,如功率、时间、气体种类和气压等,同时阐述了表征处理结果的方法,如平均表面粗糙度、接触角(水),以及胶接完成后的剪切强度、破坏模式。最后,指出国内开展等离子体处理复合材料胶接表面研究存在的问题。     

聚苯乙烯的氨气等离子处理及其长效亲水改性应用

为了实现聚苯乙烯材料长效亲水改性,利用氨气等离子体对聚苯乙烯材料表面进行可控亲水改性。通过调整功率、处理时间和氨气气体流量等工艺参数,调节聚苯乙烯材料表面亲水改性程度。利用X射线光电子能谱（XPS）和原子力显微镜（AFM）对材料表面化学成分和表面形貌进行分析。监测等离子处理后材料表面接触角以评估亲水改性效果。结果表明：相比气体流量,氨气等离子处理时间和功率对聚苯乙烯材料表面接触角的影响更明显。在功率为400 W,处理时间为120 s,气体流量为200 mL/min条件下,等离子处理后材料表面接触角约（50±1.9）°。等离子处理后材料表面成功引入N元素和O元素,O和N元素原子数比例分别提高至17.27%和12.98%,O/C和N/C含量比分别增至0.25和0.19。等离子处理前后材料表面形貌无明显变化。接触角监测结果表明亲水改性效果至少可维持360 d。氨气等离子处理可有效实现聚苯乙烯材料表面可控亲水改性,且改性效果具有良好的长期稳定性。     

橡胶表面改性的方法

综述橡胶表面改性的方法，包括化学技术改性和物理技术改性。化学技术改性包括表面卤化（氟化、氯化、溴化和碘化）、表面氧化和共价功能化改性；物理技术改性包括表面涂层、等离子处理与等离子聚合改性、辐射（等离子、γ-射线、紫外线和电子束等）引发表面接枝聚合等。指出橡胶表面改性还需从橡胶表面分子的微观结构人手，不断探索新的改性手段。从而达到适应不同环境的目的。     

高密度聚乙烯改性的研究进展

高密度聚乙烯应用广泛,近几年来对其性质研究也在逐步发展,但是高密度聚乙烯存在韧性低、硬度低、环境应力开裂能差等缺点,就其的改性研究做出了一定的总结。根据高密度聚乙烯的特点,分别通过物理方法和化学方法对其进行改性,化学方法包含了接枝法、交联法、氯化及氯磺化法、等离子法等;物理方法包含共混改性法、填充改性法、增强改性法;并介绍了各种改性方法对高密度聚乙烯复合材料力学性能和界面相容性的影响。     

医用聚乳酸材料改性方法及研究进展

主要介绍了医用聚乳酸(PLA)的化学改性和物理改性研究进展情况。化学改性主要包括与小分子共聚改性、嵌段共聚改性、接枝改性和交联改性等,其中,接枝改性包括本体接枝改性与表面接枝改性,这两者根据主要实施方法包括自由基链转移法、等离子接枝法、紫外光氧化接枝法、辐射接枝法等。物理改性则包括无机填料改性与有机共混改性。最后指出了物理及化学改性方法的优缺点,并对医用PLA改性的研究前景进行了展望。     

聚四氟乙烯改性技术的研究

从聚四氟乙烯的结构和特性方面阐明了其改性的必要性,并根据聚四氟乙烯改性技术研究进展,对其表面改性、填充改性及共混改性进行了详细介绍,最后对聚四氟乙烯改性技术提出了一些建议。     

石墨烯/聚合物复合材料的研究进展

介绍了石墨烯的制备与改性方法,概述了石墨烯/聚合物复合材料的制备工艺,主要有熔融共混法、原位聚合法、溶液混合法及乳液混合法,并总结了石墨烯对聚合物导电性能、导热性能、耐热性能、物理机械性能和气体阻隔性能的影响.     

超高相对分子质量聚乙烯纤维改性方法

简介了超高相对分子质量聚乙烯纤维的性能与应用,重点阐述了低温等离子处理法、辐照接枝改性法、化学氧化法和电晕放电法4种常用的对超高相对分子质量聚乙烯纤维改性方法的研究情况。综述表明,无论采用以上任何一种改性方法,都能相应有效改善纤维的表面性能,提高纤维与其它材质间的粘接性。     

聚苯硫醚纤维的改性

简要介绍了聚苯硫醚纤维的性能与应用,从结构改性、共混改性、表面处理改性三方面阐述了对聚苯硫醚纤维改性方法的研究情况。综述表明,无论采用何种改性方法,都能相应有效改善纤维的性能,弥补性能的不足。     

Effect of Organic Gas Plasmas on the Adhesion of Matrix Resins to Carbon Fibers

IM7 carbon fibers were surface treated in methane, ethylene, trifluoromethane and tetrafluoromethane plasmas. The surface chemical composition of the fibers was determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The adhesion between as-received and plasma-treated carbon fibers and polyethersulfone (PES) and an epoxy resin was measured by the microbond pull-out test. XPS showed that the methane and ethylene plasmas deposited a thin layer of hydrocarbon on the fiber surface. The trifluoromethane plasma deposited a layer of fluorocarbon on the surface of the fibers. The tetrafluoromethane plasma etched the fibers and introduced a significant amount of fluorine on the surface. The microbond pull-out test results indicated that an etching plasma, such as the tetrafluoromethane plasma, improved the adhesion between carbon fibers and PES. These results are consistent with earlier work performed with ammonia plasma. The adhesion is believed to be due primarily to the differential thermal shrinkage between the fiber and the matrix. It was shown that in the case of a reactive matrix such as an epoxy resin, the fiber chemical composition plays a role in the fiber-matrix adhesion. However, this chemical effect is secondary to the cleaning effect of the surface treatment.     

一种新型玉米淀粉粘合剂的研制

本文叙述了玉米淀粉经0氧化，酯化处理，糊化后添加聚乙烯酸缩甲醛合成淀粉粘合剂新工艺，该粘合剂具有流动性好，粘合力大，贮存期长的优点，可广泛用于涂料，粘合剂等领域．     

Improving coating characteristics of palm stearin alkyd by modification with ketone resin

The present study describes the modification of long oil palm stearin based alkyd resin through blending it with a commercially available ketone resin to improve its coating characteristics. The effects of blending on air drying time, hardness, adhesion, gloss, impact strength, chemical resistance and thermal behavior of dried films of blends were investigated and compared to virgin alkyds. It was found that blending results in modifying coating characteristics of palm stearin based alkyd resins, significantly. Best result was observed for weight ratio 70:30 of alkyd and ketone resins.     

聚氨酯抗菌改性的研究进展

针对聚氨酯抗菌改性的研究现状,按引入抗菌剂(基团)的方式不同,着重从物理共混和表面涂覆、化学共混及复合改性等3个方面综述了聚氨酯抗菌改性的研究进展,并对其存在的问题及未来的发展进行了展望。     

Corrosion protection of ion vapor deposition (IVD) Al-coated Al alloys by low-temperature plasma interface engineering Part II. DC cathodic polymerization under conditions of IVD (without using anode assembly)

DC cathodic polymerizations of trimethylsilane (TMS) were carried out in a bell-jar reactor without using an anode assembly, i.e., under the conditions similar to ion vapor deposition (IVD) operation. In order to initiate the DC glow discharge, a negative potential was applied to IVD Al-coated aluminum panels, the cathode, and grounded reactor wall, the anode. TMS plasma coatings obtained under such operation was studied in terms of refractive indices, linear polarization resistance, and adhesion performance to subsequent spray paint primers. Experimental results indicated that the TMS plasma coatings obtained without anode assembly have similar coating characteristics to those obtained by anode magnetron plasmas as used in Part I of this series, which showed excellent corrosion protection of IVD Al-coated aluminum alloys. As a result, the plasma interface engineered coating systems of IVD/plasma polymer/non-chromated primer obtained under such operation showed excellent corrosion protection of IVD Al-coated aluminum alloys, which outperformed the chromate conversion-coated IVD controls after 4 weeks of SO₂ and 12 weeks prohesion salt spray tests.     

Hybrid coatings as transducers in optical biosensors

Sensitive coatings are described for a novel enzyme-based optical sensor for in-situ continuous monitoring of reactants, such as glucose, in biotechnological production processes. Glucose oxidase, incorporated into suitable coating materials that are applied on lenses or optical fibers, is used to catalyze oxidization of glucose to gluconic acid in the presence of oxygen. The presence and consumption of oxygen is determined by measuring the fluorescence signal of incorporated metal organic ruthenium complexes, which is quenched by oxygen. Inorganic–organic hybrid polymers, synthesized via sol-gel processing, were used as coating material. Due to the hybrid character of the coating, good adhesion is achieved on both glass and polymer surfaces. Good compatibility is also given with enzymes and ruthenium complexes. The sensitive optical coating was built up as double-layer and single-layer structures. The double layer comprised a primary coating containing the oxygen-sensitive ruthenium complex, and a secondary coating containing the enzyme. The single layer comprised a single coating containing both the ruthenium complex and the enzyme.     

Effects of blending and coating methods on the performance of SIS (styrene-isoprene-styrene)-based pressure-sensitive adhesives

SIS (styrene-isoprene-styrene)-based pressure sensitive adhesives (PSAs) were prepared by melt- or solution-blending. In the coating process, two methods were used: solution coating and melt coating. The performances of the PSAs were found to be different, depending on which of these two blending or coating methods was used. In this study, we investigated the relationship between the viscoelastic properties and the performances of the SIS-based PSAs using different blending and coating methods. Three methods were used: (1) melt-blending and melt-coating, (2) melt-blending and solution-coating and (3) solution-blending and solution-coating. PSAs applied using melt-blending/melt-coating (M—M) have higher peel strength and probe tack than PSAs applied using melt-blending/solution-coating (M—S) and solution blending/solution coating (S—S). However, PSAs applied using M—M blends have lower holding power and SAFT (Shear adhesion failure temperature) than PSAs applied using M—S and S—S blends. The viscoelastic properties and GPC curves of M—S blends were similar to M-M blends, while the peel strength and tack of M—S blends were similar to S—S blends. Therefore, it was concluded that the blending process had more effect on the viscoelastic properties and shear creep of PSAs than the coating process.     

硼颗粒的包覆机理及工艺研究进展

阐述了不同包覆材料对硼颗粒的包覆机理,从5个方面总结了硼颗粒包覆材料的选取原则,包括:去除硼颗粒表面氧化膜、提高燃烧温度、降低硼的点火温度、提高表面相容性、催化硼颗粒的氧化反应。总结了沉淀法、表面反应包覆法、高分子吸附聚合法、气相包覆法和机械球磨法等多种硼颗粒包覆工艺的研究状况,分析并比较了不同工艺的作用机理和实际应用效果。介绍了现代硼颗粒表面包覆效果测试技术的特点和应用范围。评述了目前硼颗粒包覆技术的研究现状和不足,并对未来的研究方向进行了展望。     

Adhesion between polyurethane coating and EPDM rubber compound

The effect of the bulk modification of the EPDM rubber compound on the adhesion performance with polyurethane coating (PU) was studied. Ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) was bulk modified using maleated EPDM, polynorbornene (PNR) or different curatives to improve adhesion to polyurethane coating. The coating–rubber composite adhesion performance was examined by peel, crack and abrasion tests followed by microscopic investigation of fracture surfaces and their chemical nature. The adhesion between the coating and the rubber substrate was improved using maleated EPDM or PNR, as well as different curing systems. The crack stress for the delamination of the polyurethane coating from the flexible bulk-modified rubber surface follows the trend: maleated EPDM > PNR > different curing systems > control.     

Enhanced adhesion of conductive coating on plasma‐treated polyester fabric: A study on the ageing effect

In recent years, there has been growing attention on intrinsically conducting polymers, such as polypyrrole (PPy) because of the wide range of possible applications. Adhesion to other materials is a pending problem that could be tackled by enhancing the chemical affinity of the surface toward PPy coating. In this work, low‐temperature plasma pretreatments were used for improving adhesion of PPy on polyester (PET) fabrics by changing the surface chemistry and generating a microscopically rough surface. Oxygen and argon plasmas were used to treat both sides of PET fabrics before PPy deposition by in situ chemical polymerization. Moreover, PPy depositions were performed 1 h, 1 week, and 1 month after the plasma treatments to study possible ageing effects. Different chemical/physical characterizations (contact angle, surface energy, atomic force microscopy, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy) showed the efficacy of plasma pretreatments in inducing wettability on PET fabrics and promoting adhesion of the PPy layer. The enhanced adhesion was confirmed by abrasion tests and subsequent surface resistivity and color measurements. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012