Incidence of an Ozonation Stage on the Treatment of Cherry Stillage by Activated Sludge

This article presents a laboratory study of the ozonation of diluted cherry stillage, a high-strength wastewater. Influence of variables, kinetics, and the effects of an ozonation stage coupled with the biological treatment by activated sludge are addressed. Single activated sludge processing was shown effective to remove biological oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) but polyphenols were reduced to a lesser extent. On the other hand, direct wastewater ozonation did not reduce COD and total organic carbon (TOC) appreciably, and foaming problems were experienced when a high gas flow rate was applied. However, polyphenols and UV₂₅₄ absorbance decreased substantially by means of ozonation. To best achieve complete cherry stillage purification, two ways of coupling ozonation with activated sludge are proposed. Ozonation prior to activated sludge is advised for high-concentration wastewater to reduce polyphenol concentration, thus removing inhibiting effects. For wastewater with low polyphenol concentration the sequence activated sludge–ozonation–activated sludge is preferred to enhance the overall process performance in terms of oxidation efficiency and sludge settling.     

SH-A工艺处理煤制油废水的研究

采用SH-A强化脱氮除碳工艺处理煤制油废水,进水CODCr<2500mg/L,氨氮<250mg/L,控制一段好氧反应器中水温为33℃,pH值为8.0,溶解氧为2.0mg/L左右的条件下,反应器中生物相丰富,活性强,废水CODCr去除率达70%,氨氮硝化率达60%。     

环流反应器生化处理皂化废水研究

以17L的环流反应器为曝气设备,研究了皂化废水的生物降解过程。环流反应器可高效处理皂化废水,水力停留时间仅6h,皂化废水的生物降解过程满足一级宏观动力学,最佳活性污泥质量浓度范围为5～9g/L;活性污泥系统连续运行稳定,出水化学需氧量稳定在100mg/L左右。扫描电镜显示驯化污泥相较接种污泥有较大变化,微生物的活性提高,种类更为丰富。     

Hydronet技术对脱水车间废水的试验研究

瑞士Hydronet高效气浮技术,应用＂零速度＂原理、高效溶气管ADT及集成电路计算机遥测技术ICT,具有高效快速去除水中悬浮物的特性。该技术运用于某水质净化厂一级强化处理后的化学污泥脱水车间废水处理,污染物的去除率分别为COD92%,TSS 96%,总氮79%。该高效气浮设备适合处理脱水车间废水,出水基本符合废水回流要求,达到省地和节能目标。     

一体式MBR系统对印染废水有机物去除效果分析

采用一体式MBR系统对模拟印染废水有机物的去除效果进行了深入的研究。通过改变水力停留时间(HRT)、污泥负荷、容积负荷、曝气量等运行参数,一体式MBR系统对COD的去除率可达到90%,且COD去除率在一定程度内随着污泥负荷的增加而增加,容积负荷基本上随着水力停留时间的延长而降低。     

抗生素生产废水处理工艺分析

抗生素生产废水是目前公认的毒性强、处理难度大的工业废水之一。废水中含有高浓度有机物和悬浮固体颗粒,化学需氧量较高,如果不经过处理就排放,将破坏天然水质的自净能力,引起水质污染。分析抗生素合成过程中的废水处理工艺现状的基础上,提出增加二沉池、污泥回收等改进措施,通过数据测算分析,改进措施取得了明显效果。     

Biological Treatment of Saline Wastewater by Fed-Batch Operation

The adverse effects of salt on biological treatment of saline wastewater inoculated by activated sludge culture were investigated. A synthetic wastewater composed of diluted molasses, urea, KH₂PO₄ and various concentrations of salt (1–5% w/v NaCl) was treated in an aerobic-biological reactor operating in fed-batch mode. An activated sludge culture obtained from a wastewater treatment plant was used as the seed. Variations of chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal rate and efficiency with salt concentration were determined. A rate expression including salt inhibition effect was proposed and kinetic constants were determined by using the experimental data. © 1997 SCI.     

新型海藻式膜生物反应器处理印染废水的应用研究

针对印染废水成分复杂、色度大、浓度高且生物难降解物质多等特点,采用了混凝沉淀法对印染废水进行预处理,然后采用新型海藻式膜生物反应器(MBR)对印染废水进行活性污泥法处理试验研究.通过对COD、BOD、NH_3-N、TN、TP、色度、浊度等水质指标连续进行测定、分析与处理,考察MBR对印染废水的降解效果,并观察系统运行情况和膜组件污染状况.试验结果表明,海藻式MBR对印染废水的处理效果良好,出水浊度低于0.3 NTU,对COD、BOD、色度、NH_3-N、TN的去除率分别可达90%、94%、91.4%、87.8%、86.4%.海藻式MBR能够降低MBR膜丝根部的污染,清洗更方便、更有效.     

O-A-O组合工艺处理高浓度饮品工业废水

介绍了好氧 兼氧 好氧 (O A O)组合工艺处理高浓度饮料工业废水的工艺原理、污泥的培养驯化及运行效果。结果表明 ,化学需氧量 (CODcr)去除率达 99 2 % ,悬浮物去除率为 73 2 % ,处理效率高 ,出水水质可完全达标排放。最后对 1 0 0 0m3 /d废水处理工程的投资进行了概算 ,并对相关费用进行了分析。     

Treatment of the textile wastewaters by electrocoagulation: Effect of operating parameters on the sludge settling characteristics

This paper deals with treatment of industrial wastewaters by electrocoagulation technique, with emphasis on settling process. The influence of electrode material, current density, pH, treatment period on the sludge settling characteristics has been investigated. The wastewater issued from textile industry is characterized by its high suspended solids content (SS₀), its high turbidity (NTU) and a fair chemical oxygen demand (COD). The wastewater treatment process consisted in a preliminary electrocoagulation step, followed by a settling step conducted without addition of flocculating agents. Sludge settling velocity after electrocoagulation was measured depending on the operating conditions. The data were employed to investigate the influence of the process parameters on the settling process. The sludge settling data were utilized to compare the efficiency of various empirical models for estimation of sludge settling velocity. Finally, the sludge aptitude to settling was studied in terms of sludge volume index (SVI) to determine the best operating conditions.     

Reduction of chlorophenols and sludge management from paper industry wastewater using electrocoagulation process

ABSTRACT

In this study, electrocoagulation (EC) was used to determine the optimum conditions on the basis of maximum chemical oxygen demand (COD) and color removal. At the optimum conditions chlorophenols (CPs), biological oxygen demand and total organic carbon (TOC) were determined. The biodegradability of wastewater was increased significantly with 63% COD, 98% color, 61% TOC and overall 65.51% reductions in CPs. Further, the electro-coagulated sludge was characterized by using different analytical techniques to assist the physicochemical and elemental phases, to find-out better management option, reusability for plant growth and safe disposal. Additionally, aluminum content (70.62%) was successfully recovered from sludge.     

一体化膜生物反应器处理印刷线路板综合废水

采用自制一体化膜生物反应器(SMBR)处理印刷线路板(PCB)综合废水,对系统驯化过程的污泥生物相变化,SV30(污泥沉降比)、SVI(污泥沉降指数),MLSS(混合液悬浮固体浓度)、MLVSS(混合液挥发性悬浮固体浓度)等污泥特性,以及系统pH,铜离子浓度、化学耗氧量(COD)等水质指标进行了监测.试验结果表明:污泥培养驯化过程中,游泳型纤毛虫、固着型纤毛虫(累枝虫、钟虫)、轮虫、红斑顠体虫、表壳虫、固着型纤毛虫交替成为优势种群.进水铜离子质量浓度为12 mg/L左右驯化完成,此时污泥MLSS为6 100 mg/L,SV30为29%～38.5%,SVI为75～90 mL/g.系统出水COD、铜离子浓度和pH均达广东省水污染物排放限值一级标准,COD和铜离子的去除率分别超过85%和95%.     

Mathematical modeling of aerobic membrane bioreactor (MBR) using activated sludge model no. 1 (ASM1)

Activated sludge model no. 1 (ASM1) was applied to an aerobic membrane bioreactor (MBR) treating dilute municipal wastewater. The model for the aerobic MBR was calibrated using the data collected from a lab-scale aerobic MBR using AQUASIM 2.0. The performance of MBR process in terms of chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal and ammonia nitrogen (SNH) nitrification was studied at different operating conditions such as hydraulic retention time (HRT), solid retention time (SRT) and mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) concentrations. The characteristics of influent wastewater, pre-settled primary effluent from a wastewater treatment plant (City of Elmhurst WWTP, Elmhurst, IL, USA), were determined in the laboratory and used for the calibration of the model. The results from the simulations provided a better understanding of the mechanisms and kinetics of the MBR process including sludge removal.     

硅藻土颗粒在处理煤气废水活性污泥系统中的作用

Diatomite is a kind of natural low-cost mineral material. It has a number of unique physical properties and has been widely used as an adsorbent in wastewater treatment. This study was conducted to investigate the aerobic biodegradation of coal gasification wastewater with and without diatomite addition. Experimental results indicated that diatomite added in the activated sludge system could promote the biomass and also enhance the performance of the sludge settling. The average mixed-liquor volatile suspended solids (MLVSS) is increased from 4055 mg&#8226;L－1 to 4518 mg&#8226;L－1 and the average settling volume (SV) are changed only from 45.9% to 47.1%. Diatomite additive could enhance the efficiency of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total phenols removal from the wastewater. The COD removal increased from 73.3% to near 80% and the total phenols removal increased from 81.4% to 85.8%. The mechanisms of the increase of biomass and pollutants removal may correlates to the improvement of bioavailability and sludge settlement characteristics by diatomite added. Micrograph of the sludge in the diatomite-activated sludge system indicated that the diatomite added could be the carrier of the microbe and also affect the biomass and pollutant removal.     

Wet Air Oxidation Of Wastewater From Olive Oil Mills

The oxidation of wastewater from olive oil mills has been carried out in the liquid phase at high temperatures and pressures. Synthetic urban wastewater has been used to dilute the raw effluent (dilution rate 1:10). Experiments conducted using air as the oxygen source showed a positive effect of the previous neutralization of the wastewater if compared to the oxidation conducted at the original pH of the effluent (pH = 5.3). In terms of chemical oxygen demand depletion and final biodegradability characteristics of the effluent, the use of free radical promoters, for instance hydrogen peroxide, resulted in a significant enhancement of the process. Experiments completed in the presence of two commercially available catalysts (platinum supported on alumina and copper oxide supported on active carbon) showed not only an improvement in the chemical oxygen demand removal rate but also a high degree of the mineralization of the wastewater contaminant load.     

工业氧化性废水中COD与TOC的相关性研究

介绍在满足快速测定TOC的条件下快速测定化学需氧量的方法.该法依据化学需氧量与TOC相关性来换算对应的化学需氧量,解决了废水样品受其氧化性环境的影响不能正常测定化学需氧量的问题.     

Optimization of High-Strength Semiconductor Wastewater by Sequential Fenton Oxidation and Gas-Induced Ozonation

Treatment of organic-containing wastewater from a semiconductor plant treated by chemical oxidation was experimentally investigated. The wastewater was characterized by strong color, high chemical oxygen demand (COD) and low biodegradability. Treatment of this wastewater by traditional activated sludge method was essentially impossible. In the present work, advanced chemical oxidations by Fenton’s reagent and ozonation were utilized to tackle the problems of wastewater color and low biodegradability. To facilitate the particulate removal after Fenton oxidation, chemical coagulation using polyaluminum chloride and polymer was adopted as an integral part of the Fenton process. Experimental tests were conducted to determine the effectiveness and the optimum operating conditions of the chemical oxidation methods. Test results demonstrate that the two advanced oxidations were able to lower the wastewater COD concentration from as high as 15,000 mg/L to below 150 mg/L and completely eliminating the wastewater color, resulting in very good quality of the treated wastewater. A generalized kinetic model was employed to describe and elucidate the oxidation mechanisms of oxidation processes and the kinetic parameters of the models were appropriately identified using the test data.     

Fenton oxidation and sequencing batch reactor (SBR) treatments of high-strength semiconductor wastewater

Treatment of a high-strength semiconductor wastewater was experimentally investigated in this study. The wastewater is characterized by a strong dark color, high chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration, presence of refractory volatile organic compound and low biodegradability. Treatment of this wastewater by traditional activated sludge method is essentially impossible. In the present work, combined physical, chemical and biological methods were synergistically utilized to tackle the wastewater. The combined treatment consisted of air stripping, modified Fenton oxidation and sequencing batch reactor (SBR) method. Experimental tests were conducted to determine the effectiveness and the optimum operating conditions of the combined method. Test results clearly demonstrated the synergistic advantages of the combined treatments. The treatment train was capable of lowering the wastewater COD concentration from as high as 80,000 mg/l to below 100 mg/l and completely eliminating the wastewater color. The overall water quality of the final effluent exceeded the direct discharge standard and better yet, this effluent can even be considered for reuse.     

基于活性污泥呼吸速率的化工废水水质评价方法

针对化工废水无差别的接管导致污水厂生化系统无法高效运行的问题，本文以实际化工废水为对象，提出了一种基于好氧污泥呼吸速率（OUR）的S_TOD值法（S_TOD=OUR_废水/OUR_内源）评价化工废水水质。此方法可将废水水质分别为可生化、难降解、有毒三种类别，对高浓度、低浓度废水水质的评价均快速、准确。利用S_TOD、发光细菌、斑马鱼、大型溞评价废水水质，正确率分别为100%、50%、62.5%、37.5%，S_TOD值更能科学合理地评价废水水质。从而，本文提出了一套废水水质分类接管模型，实现了接管生化系统高效、经济运行以及难降解、有毒物质切实消减。     

电气石颗粒在处理焦化废水生物浮动床系统中的作用

电气石是一种价格低廉容易获取的天然矿物。做为一种具有独特表面特性的矿物材料,在水处理领域具有广阔的应用前景。文章针对生物浮动床,对其添加电气石前后对焦化废水的降解特性进行了研究,结果表明,在系统中添加电气石可以有效的提升生物浮动床(MBBR)对化学需氧量(COD)的去处效果。由于电气石自然电极的存在,可以促进废水中有机物的降解,同时,通过显微镜观察可以发现,电气石还可以成为生物载体,提升反应器的处理效果。