基于韧性断裂准则的铝合金板材成形极限预测

为了准确地预测铝合金板材成形极限，将韧性断裂准则引入到数值模拟中。在数值模拟获得的应力应变值基础上，采用简单拉伸试验和数值模拟相结合的方法确定了韧性断裂准则中的材料常数，并应用该韧性断裂准则预测了铝合金LYl2(M)的圆筒件拉深和半球形凸模胀形的成形极限。预测结果与实验值吻合较好，该韧性断裂准则能够预测铝合金板材成形极限。     

铝合金板材胀形极限的数值模拟研究

应用韧性断裂准则与有限元数值模拟相结合的方法预测了铝合金板料的胀形极限.将有限元模拟获得板材的应力、应变值代入考虑应力三轴度的Oyane韧性断裂准则进行断裂判断,预测出初始断裂点.准则中的材料常数通过单向拉伸和平面拉伸试验确定.计算了三种铝合金板的半球形凸模胀形极限,计算结果表明,应用Oyane韧性断裂准则能有效地预测铝合金板材的胀形极限.     

应用韧性断裂准则预测不同材料的胀形极限

为了准确地预测板料成形极限 ,将韧性断裂准则引入到有限元模拟中。在有限元模拟获得的应力应变场基础上 ,应用韧性断裂准则预测板料断裂的发生。本文应用作者提出的韧性断裂准则及材料常数的确定方法预测了铝合金板和钢板的半球形凸模胀形的成形极限。与实验结果比较表明 ,该方法能在较宽的材料范围内预测胀形成形极限。     

基于Lemaitre韧性断裂准则的1060铝板成形极限研究

针对成形极限曲线的测定需建立在大量实验基础上,耗时耗材,且需要特定的成形实验机才能完成的不足,采用韧性断裂准则与数值模拟相结合来预测。建立测定成形极限曲线的有限元分析模型,对不同尺寸1060铝板试样成形过程进行数值模拟与分析,并采用Lemaitre韧性断裂准则作为板料破裂与否的判据,找出破裂极限应变值,拟合成形极限曲线;为验证提出方法的正确性,采用实验方法制作1060铝板成形极限曲线,并将其与模拟得到的曲线进行对比,两曲线走向基本一致,有较好的吻合度,表明该方法能够应用于成形极限曲线的预测。     

基于应力成形极限图的6061铝合金成形特征（英文）

采用成形极限图准则和韧性断裂准则两个数值准则对6061铝合金的成形特征进行预测。将数值模拟结果与实验所得成形极限图和冲头力-位移图进行对比。采用Hecker半圆形冲头计算实验成形极限图。将实验成形极限图转化为成形极限应力图并导入Abaqus软件中对样品的缩颈进行预测。将成形极限应力图预测结果与实验所得成形极限应力图进行比较。结果表明,韧性断裂准则对6061铝合金成形极限图和成形极限应力图的预测精度较高。冲头的力-位移图模拟结果和实验结果对比表明模拟结果和实验结果吻合。     

非线性路径下板料拉深成形过程中破裂预测

在优选模型参数和简化孔洞形核规律的基础上,采用Gurson—Tvergaard（GT）多孔材料本构模型分析圆筒件拉深过程;根据金属成形工艺特点,综合考虑拉伸型和剪切型2种不同韧性断裂机制,提出一个统一的韧性断裂准则形式。对于未经过预变形和经过预变形的圆筒件拉深试验和数值模拟进行了比较,结果表明：相对于成形极限图,新的韧性断裂准则可以更加准确地预测非线性路径下圆筒件的拉深破裂。     

基于MMC韧性断裂准则的高强双相钢成形极限研究北大核心CSCD

以高强双相钢CR450/780DP板材为研究对象,设计4种拉伸试样进行单向拉伸试验,获得了载荷-位移曲线与表面全场应变结果;采用有限元仿真分析手段,对4种试样的试验结果进行了对标分析,得到了材料硬化本构模型及应力三轴度、Lode角参数、等效塑性应变等历程数据;采用曲面拟合优化方法标定MMC韧性断裂准则的断裂参数。基于Keeler公式及简化的MMC韧性断裂准则分别绘制了高强双相钢CR450/780DP板材的理论和预测成形极限图,并通过半球形刚模胀形试验对预测结果进行验证。由对比结果可知,基于MMC韧性断裂准则预测的成形极限曲线与试验数据的吻合程度较高,验证了韧性断裂准则对高强双相钢CR450/780DP板材损伤与断裂预测的准确性与适用性。     

金属韧性断裂准则的实验研究

韧性断裂准则作为材料成形极限中的重要指标,对于准确预测金属内部和表面韧性破坏发生的时间和位置、工艺制定和模具设计具有重要的意义。以45钢为材料,采用不同形式的试件进行了拉伸、压缩、剪切、扭转等实验,并利用金属塑性成形模拟专业软件对实验过程进行数值模拟,对工程中广泛使用的11种韧性断裂准则进行分类对比研究。指出Normalized Cockroft & Latham和Brozzo断裂准则比较适用于高应力三轴度成形过程,而Ayada和Rice-Tracy断裂准则更适用于较低应力三轴度成形过程。     

工业纯铝板料渐进成形极限图研究

板料渐进成形极限图和传统成形极限图有显著不同,到目前为止尚未有统一的测试方法.提出了一种测试板料渐进成形极限图的方法,成形工具分别沿往复圆弧和交替往复圆弧轨迹运动,对0.9mm工业纯铝板进行渐进成形.板料破裂后,获得了主应变和次应变,建立了该种板料渐进成形极限图.通过板料渐进成形分别成形了一些零件,测量了零件的主应变和次应变并绘制了它的渐进成形极限图.结果表明,所获得的工业纯铝渐进成形极限图能较为准确地预测渐进成形中板料的破裂,测试方法适用于渐进成形极限图的建立.     

铝合金板在循环塑性变形下的韧性断裂行为模拟(英文)

基于数值模拟的方法研究在循环塑性变形下铝合金板的力学行为。首先,通过Cockcroft-Latham韧性断裂准则得到材料的断裂极限应力图,并通过实验对成形极限应力图进行验证。数值模拟结果表明:滚边时弯曲中心的应变路径可以认为是平面应变状态;采用绳式滚边方法可以改善在弯曲中心线上的应力集中现象。从滚边断口的扫描电镜照片可以发现,循环塑性变形对铝合金板的韧性断裂行为有影响。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。