镁及镁合金阻尼特性的研究进展

综述了镁及镁合金阻尼特性的研究进展及阻尼镁合金材料的研究现状,介绍了其阻尼性能的评价方法,阐明了其阻尼机制符合G-L位错钉扎模型、基面(0001)上的位错脱钉运动是造成镁合金在室温具有高应变振幅阻尼性能的主要原因,概述了应变振幅、温度、变形工艺、热处理、晶粒尺寸和取向以及合金元素对镁合金阻尼性能的影响.     

Effects of Y on mechanical properties and damping capacity of ZK60 magnesium alloys

The microstructure,mechanical properties and damping capacity of ZK60-xY(x=0,1.5%,2.5%,4.0%,mass fraction) magnesium alloys were investigated by using the optical microscope(OM),X-ray diffractometer(XRD),universal tensile testing machine and dynamic mechanical analyzer(DMA).The mechanisms for damping capacity of referred alloys were discussed by Granato-Lücke theory.The results show that Y additions remarkably reduce grain size(the average grain size is 21.6,13.0,8.6 and 4.0μm,respectively),and the tensile properties are enhanced with grain refining(the yield tensile strength increases to 292 MPa from 210 MPa and ultimate tensile strength increases to 330 MPa from 315 MPa).For the ZK60-xY(x=0,1.5%,4.0%)alloys,the damping capacity decreases with the increase of Y content.However,for the ZK60-xY(x=2.5%)alloy,the damping capacity improves abnormally,which is possibly related to the formation of Mg3Y2Zn3(W)FCC phase in this alloy.     

固溶处理对ZK系镁合金力学及阻尼性能的影响

采用光学显微镜、X射线衍射仪、显微硬度计、拉伸试验以及动态热机械分析仪等研究了固溶处理对ZK系（ZK21,ZK40,ZK60）镁合金组织、力学及阻尼性能的影响。结果表明:经固溶处理后,ZK系合金的晶粒尺寸略有长大,第二相溶解、晶格畸变增加。晶界处脆性相的溶解产生的固溶强化效应导致固溶态合金的抗拉强度和显微硬度明显高于铸态。固溶处理后合金的与应变振幅无关阻尼下降、与应变振幅相关阻尼上升,且临界应变振幅明显增大。同一应变振幅下固溶态合金阻尼性能低于铸态;第二临界应变振幅(ε_cr2)增大使固溶态ZK系合金可以在更大应变振幅范围下使用。ZK系镁合金上述阻尼性能的变化可以用Granato-Lücke理论和塑性阻尼理论来解释。      

CuAlMn形状记忆合金的高阻尼特性

用悬臂梁弯曲共振法研究了新型CuAlMn系形状记忆合金在马氏体态和母相态的阻尼特性.研究结果表明:室温马氏体态Cu-10.5%Al-6%Mn(质量分数)和室温母相态Cu-11%Al-8%Mn形状记忆合金在表面应变振幅为4.05MPa时,都具有很高的阻尼性能,内耗Q-1接近0.1; 两种形态的CuAlMn形状记忆合金的阻尼性能都随应力振幅增加而下降,且母相态合金阻尼性能下降速度更快.     

Ti-48Al合金全片层组织的稳定性

研究了Ti 48Al合金全片层组织在 115 0℃时效时的组织稳定性。结果表明 ,140 0℃ ,1h固溶处理后炉冷获得的粗片层组织的稳定性远远优于空冷获得的细片层组织。细片层组织首先在晶界处发生不连续粗化 ,而后粗化片层组织中的α2 相发生溶解并球化 ,从而转变为近γ组织 ;空冷组织中魏氏片层的存在降低了片层组织的稳定性 ,魏氏片层 /基体界面与晶界一同成为片层组织发生分解的起始部位。Ti 48Al 0 .8%B(摩尔分数 )合金的细片层组织因晶界TiB2 相的存在有效抑制了晶界不连续粗化 ,但γ相从TiB2 /基体界面和晶界重新形核生长使片层组织转变为均匀的细晶近γ组织     

High damping capacities of Mg-Cu based alloys

The dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA) was applied to investigate the damping properties of Mg-Cu based alloys. The results show that the as-cast hypoeutectic Mg-Cu binary alloys exhibit ultra-high damping capacities, while the eutectic Mg-Cu alloy exhibits low damping capacity. The strain amplitude dependent damping performance reveals that the dislocation damping mainly dominates in Mg-Cu alloys. Furthermore, the influence of eutectic phase on damping mechanisms of Mg-Cu binary alloys was discussed in detail and the effect of Si addition on the damping of Mg-1%Cu based alloy was also reported. Two damping peaks are observed on the temperature dependent spectrum of Mg-Cu based alloys. One is located at room temperature, which is dislocation related peak; and the other is located at moderate temperature, which is caused by the grain boundary sliding.     

SiC_p/Al室温阻尼性能与应变振幅的相关性

从细观力学观点出发 ,利用胞元法对颗粒增强金属基复合材料SiCp/Al的阻尼特性进行了数值模拟 ,研究了应变振幅对室温下SiCp/Al复合材料的阻尼性能的影响。结果表明 :在应变振幅ε0 较低的条件下 ,阻尼性能与应变振幅无关 ;当应变振幅ε0 达到一临界应变振幅εcrit后材料的阻尼性能随着应变振幅的增大而迅速增大。所得的模拟结果与G L位错阻尼模型吻合较好 ,表明SiCp/Al复合材料的室温阻尼性能主要是材料中两相在循环载荷作用下变形不一致而在相界面处产生局部微塑性变形造成的。     

Cu-Al-Be阻尼合金的抗空泡剥蚀性能

采用超声伸缩振动空蚀设备及XRD和SEM等手段 ,研究了Cu Al Be阻尼合金与对比合金ZHMn5 5 3 1和ZQAl12 8 3 2的空泡剥蚀性能。结果表明 ,Cu Al Be合金的空泡剥蚀平均速率仅为 0 .0 4mm3 /h ,相当于ZHMn5 5 3 1的 3.6 % ,ZQAl 12 8 3 2的 5 0 % ,具有优异的抗空泡剥蚀性。外力作用下Cu Al Be合金马氏体变体间的界面迁移 ,有助于减轻材料表面的塑性变形和疲劳积累 ,提高抗空蚀性能。晶界网状α软相是该合金空泡剥蚀沿晶界发生的主要原因     

振动环境中锌铝/珍珠岩多孔复合材料的阻尼性能研究

讨论了振动环境中锌铝/珍珠岩多孔复合材料的阻尼性能.实验利用真空浸渗法制备了锌铝合金/珍珠岩复合材料,并利用DTM-Ⅱ-X型动态弹性模量阻尼内耗分析仪在共振条件下测试其杨氏模量及材料阻尼内耗值,分析了其阻尼机理.试验结果表明锌铝合金/珍珠岩金属基复合材料的阻尼性能要大大优于基体金属.     

Mg-Li-Al合金的力学性能和阻尼性能

研究了不同锂含量的Mg Li Al合金的力学性能和阻尼性能。结果表明 ,随锂含量的增加 ,Mg Li Al合金的密度和抗拉强度降低、塑性明显提高 ;而Mg Li Al合金的阻尼性能随锂含量的增多和温度的提高而明显增高 ,其中Mg 8Li 1Al合金的室温延伸率为 35% ,室温阻尼性能高达 0 .0 1。Mg 8Li 1Al合金的阻尼明显大于Mg 4Li 1Al合金的阻尼 ,是由于Mg 8Li 1Al合金具有α β双相共晶混合组织 ,α和β相的相界面在循环载荷下产生微滑移 ,而形成相界阻尼 ;而Mg 4Li 1Al合金中只存在α单相组织。     

TiAl基合金的工艺—显微组织—力学性能关系

因密度、比刚度、高温比强度和阻燃性等方面的优势,TiAl基金属间化合物被认为是最有应用潜力的新一代结构材料。室温脆性以及延性、蠕变性能和其它性能的平衡是阻碍TiAl基合金作为高温结构材料实际应用的主要障碍。在分析合金化对组织与性能的影响及机理、加工／热处理 对组织与性能的影响、变形和断裂机制、显微组织与拉伸性能的关系、抗氧化性及改善、蠕变性能与蠕变机制的基础上,论述了TiAl基合金的工艺－显微组织－力学性能关系。     

Effects of discontinuour coarsening of lamellae on creep strength of fully lamellar TiAl alloys

High temperature creep of a binary Ti-42mol%Al alloy with fully lamellar structure was studied to examine effects of lamellar spacing on creep strength. Strain hardening is more significant in a finer lamellar material, resulting in higher creep strength at high stresses. Discontinuous coarsening of lamellae takes place during creep, and is more substantial in the finer lamellar material at low stresses. Because of the microstructural degradation, the strengthening by fine lamellae diminishes at low stresses. Some specimens were annealed at high temperatures to finish the discontinuous coarsening prior to creep testing. In these specimens, the strengthening by fine lamellae becomes effective even at low stresses.     

Design optimization of cast Cu-Al-Be-B alloys for high clamping capacity

This paper investigated high-damping Cu-Al-Be-B cast alloys using metallographic analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and electrical resistance measurements for transformation temperatures. The results showed that beryllium can stabilize β phase, resulting in a thermo-elastic martensite microstructure leading to high-damping capacity in cast Cu-Al-BeB alloys. Trace additions of boron to Cu-Al-Be alloys can significantly refine the grains, providing high strength and ductility to the alloys. A factorial design of experiment method was used to optimize the composition and properties of cast Cu-Al-BeB alloys. The optimal microstructure for thermo-elastic martensite can be obtained by adjusting the amounts of aluminum and beryllium to eutectoid or pseudo-eutectoid compositions. An optimized cast Cu-Al-Be-B alloy was developed to provide excellent mechanical properties, tensile strength σb = 767 MPa, elongation δ = 7.62 %, and damping capacity S. D.C =18.70%.     

B元素对Fe-Cr-C系耐磨堆焊合金组织和耐磨性的影响

采用直径为1.6 mm的细径药芯焊丝,利用CO₂气体保护焊堆焊的方法制备了含有1.0%~3.0%C(质量分数),15%~20%Cr,0%~2.0%B的高铬堆焊合金.研究了B₄C含量对堆焊合金的硬度及耐磨性的影响.结果表明,堆焊合金的硬度从57.1 HRC增加到65.2 HRC,硬度提高14.2%;堆焊层合金的相对耐磨性从3.5倍提高到18.0倍.借助光学显微镜、扫描电镜和X射线衍射等微观分析方法,研究了堆焊合金的显微组织及碳化物分布形貌.结果表明,堆焊合金的显微组织主要由铁素体+奥氏体+(Fe,Cr)₇C₃组成,加入B₄C可显著改善堆焊合金层基体组织,使碳化物(Fe,Cr)₇C₃数量增加且呈弥散分布.     

Damping capacity of TiNi-based shape memory alloys

The damping capacity mainly comes from the motion of martensite boundaries, which is larger than that from different phase interfaces in TiNi-based shape memory alloys. The fine and disperse precipitation in the TiNi matrix will increase the damping capacity of the TiNiNbMo alloy in the martensitic state but little affect the damping capacity during the martensite transformation. The dispersed Nb-rich particles and the internal stress fields around them influence the change tendency of damping capacity with the increasing of strain amplitude.     

Influence of composition and heat-treatment on damping capacity of Cu-Al alloys

The compositions, structures and properties of four kinds of Cu-Al alloys with different constituents were researched by means of optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometry and damping detection. The structures and properties of Cu-llAl-5Mn-RE experienced different heat-treatment processes were also studied. The results indicate that the damping capacity and microstructure of the alloys are improved by adding Mn and RE elements. Cu-llAl-5Mn-RE obtains the best comprehensive physical performance because of the cooperation of Mn and RE elements. Aging at 200 ℃, the damping capacity gets to the maximum. At 400 ℃, its mechanical property decreases while its damping capacity still remains, indicating its resistance to martensite decomposition and aging at moderate temperature.     

ZA27-4%Si合金的阻尼性能及阻尼机理

利用低频内耗测试技术研究了ZA27-4%Si合金的阻尼性能, 分析了合金的阻尼机理. 结果表明 ZA27-4%Si合金阻尼随频率增大而减小, 随温度升高而增大, 阻尼不随应变振幅的变化而变化ZA27-4%Si合金室温阻尼为5.83×10-3, 与ZA27合金阻尼相当ZA27-4%Si合金的阻尼是由合金内部的晶界和相界面滑动、位错振动以及各相的热膨胀系数和弹性模量间差造成的微塑性变形共同造成的. 硅合金化的ZA27合金具有良好耐磨减摩性能和减振性能.     

Effects of Ce on damping capacity of AZ91D magnesium alloy

1　INTRODUCTIONThedampingcapacityisameasureoftheenergydissipatedduringmechanicalvibrationinthematerialsorcomponent .Metallicmaterialshavinghighdamp ingcapacitybecomevaluableinsuppressingmechani calvibrationandattenuatingwavepropagationforthecontrolofnoiseandthestabilizationofstructures .Takinghighdampingmetallicmaterialsasstructuralpartscouldeliminatetheneedforspecialenergyab sorbersordamperstoattenuatethevibrationandnoise ,inspiteofmostofthefrequentlyusedmetalsandalloys ,whichexhibitarela…     

高阻尼镁合金Mg-0.6%Zr和Mg-Ni中内耗峰分析

在高阻尼镁合金研究中,发现了与合金室温下高阻尼性能有关的宽的弛豫内耗峰,该峰为位错内耗峰;该峰是基面位错在热激活作用下运动与点缺陷（空位与溶质原子）相互作用产生。同时在高阻尼合金Mg-Ni和Mg-0.6%Zr中发现了晶界内耗峰。有必要指出的是合金的显微组织会影响晶界弛豫：随着Ni的质量分数增加,晶粒细化同时晶界内耗峰向低温处迁移;同Mg-0.6%Zr合金相比,加入少量的Y后,Mg-0.6%Zr-Y合金晶界弛豫峰向高温处推进。     

Heat capacity of liquid and undercooled liquid metals and alloys

Trends in the dependences on temperature and concentration of experimentally determined heat capacities of liquid and undercooled liquid metals and alloys are discussed. A new adiabatic calorimeter for determining the heat capacity of liquid alloys up to 1500 K is described. The ability of several approximations and models to describe the different characteristics of the heat capacity of liquid and supercooled liquid metals and alloys is demonstrated.