Fe-Al/Al2O3复合材料与ZTA陶瓷的抗热震性研究

对Fe-Al／Al2O3复合材料的抗热震性进行了测定。通过与ZTA陶瓷的抗热震性对比，分析了该复合材料具有较好抗热震性的原因。试验发现：Fe-Al／Al2O3复合材料的残余硬度和抗压强度随AT的变化有明显差异。在热震温差很高时，Fe—Al相的高温热强性改善了Fe-Al／Al2O3复合材料的抗热震性。     

莫来石/刚玉复相陶瓷热断裂特性研究

通过调整复相陶瓷中颗粒相的组成与级配,利用引入的热膨胀失配机制,控制莫来石/刚玉复相陶瓷显微结构,改善高温复相陶瓷热稳定性,着重研究了莫来石/刚玉复相陶瓷的热断裂特性.研究表明,全部采用莫来石颗粒相时,由于柱状莫来石颗粒极易发生热冲击穿晶断裂,且热膨胀失配导致的微裂纹较长,密度较小,故复相陶瓷热稳定性较差;全部采用刚玉颗粒相时,虽然基质相裂纹扩展至刚玉颗粒表面时穿晶断裂与沿晶的裂纹扩展同时发生,有利于改善复相陶瓷热稳定性,但由于热膨胀失配过度,未经热冲击时已产生宏观裂纹,故热稳定性最差.而采用莫来石/刚玉复合颗粒相,相比例为75/25制备的复相陶瓷试样,热膨胀失配形成的微裂纹较短,密度较大,其热稳定性最优.     

Flash sintering of 3YSZ/Al2O3-platelet composites

Preparation of 3YSZ/Al₂O₃-platelet composites always requires high temperature, long duration, and/or high pressure. Herein, 3YSZ/Al₂O₃-platelet composites are prepared at low temperature of 492°C-645°C in 30 seconds by flash sintering under the electric field of 300-800 V/cm. The influence of electric field and current limit on the densification and grain growth of composites is investigated. The onset temperature for flash sintering is determined by electric field, which is decreased with increasing the electric field. Under the constant electric field, the current limit has a great effect on the density and grain size of composite. The flash-sintered 3YSZ/Al₂O₃-platelet composites exhibit relatively high hardness and elastic modulus. Both Joule heating and defects generation are proposed to be responsible for the rapid densification in flash sintering. This work demonstrates the feasibility of employing the flash sintering to prepare ceramic composites with fine grain size.     

BaO-Al2O3-B2O3-SiO2玻璃/SiO2高膨胀低温共烧陶瓷研究

用BaO-Al2O3-B2O3-SiO2玻璃与二氧化硅复合的方法制备了高膨胀系数低温共烧陶瓷。实验首先制备一组玻璃材料,通过热膨胀测试、DTA等方法研究了玻璃的热学性能,然后用玻璃与石英、方石英和鳞石英晶体按一定比例复合制得高膨胀低温共烧陶瓷。通过烧结试验、XRD等分析方法研究了复相陶瓷材料的烧结收缩性能、晶相组成、热膨胀系数和介电常数。结果表明:50%BaO-7.5%Al2O3-30%B2O3-12.5%SiO2玻璃具有较低的转变温度(520℃)。该玻璃与鳞石英晶体以1:1的比例复合,850℃/10min烧结可以获得热膨胀系数为12.18×10-6K-1、介电常数为5.37的低温共烧陶瓷。     

Al_2O_3-TiCN/Co-Ni复合材料制备及力学性能

用真空热压烧结法制备了Al2O3-Ti C0.5N0.5/Co-Ni复合材料,用扫描电子显微镜、能谱仪、电子万能试验机和Vickers硬度仪等测试分析了不同烧结参数对样品显微组织及力学性能的影响。结果表明:当烧结温度1 650℃,压力25 MPa,保温时间30 min时,样品的相对密度、抗弯强度(σmax)、断裂韧性(KICmax)和Vickers硬度(HV)的最大值分别达到99.6%,σmax=1 100 MPa,KICmax=10.5 MPa·m1/2和HV=23.7 GPa,样品断口形貌存在混晶断裂特征。     

Thermal shock resistance of the porous boron nitride/silicon oxynitride ceramic composites

The thermal shock resistance of the porous boron nitride/silicon oxynitride (BN/Si₂N₂O) ceramic composites were tested by the quenching‐strength method with temperature differences of 600‐1400°C. The residual flexural strength of the composites decreased with increasing temperature difference from 600°C to 900°C. This weakening in flexural strength was attributed to the formation of microcracks in the matrix caused by thermal stress damage. Afterward, as the formation of a dense oxidized layer sealed the surface and hindered further oxidation, the residual flexural strength increased with the further increase of temperature difference from 900°C to 1100°C. Finally, when the temperature differences were above 1100°C, the residual flexural strength gradually decreased with increasing temperature difference, which was attributed to the further oxidation and large thermal stress damage. And the thermal shock resistance of the porous BN/Si₂N₂O ceramic can be improved by the introduction of high contents of sintering aids and h‐BN.     

ZrO2/Al2O3复相陶瓷的制备及性能研究

本文以工业用ZrO2和α-Al2O3微粉为原料,通过干压成型和常压烧结工艺制备ZrO2/Al2O3复相陶瓷.通过检测复相陶瓷的体积密度、显气孔率、常温抗折强度、烧后线变化率和热震稳定性,研究不同α-Al2O3微粉加入量及添加剂Y2O3对ZrO2/Al2O3复相陶瓷烧结性能、常温强度、热震稳定性及微观结构的影响,并通过SEM方法对烧后试样的微观结构进行表征.结果表明:系统配料中加入Al2O3会降低ZrO2/Al2O3复相陶瓷的致密度,常温强度随着Al2O3加入量增大而呈现先增大后减小趋势,然而热震稳定性有一定程度改善.Y2O3作为一种助烧剂可以促进ZrO2/Al2O3复相陶瓷结构内晶粒长大,加入Y2O3有利于增强复相陶瓷的烧结性.     

TiC起始粉末粒径对TiC/Al2O3复合陶瓷热震行为的影响

通过使用不同粒径TiC起始粉末热压制备了AT1和AT2两种不同晶粒大小的TiC/Al_2O_3复合陶瓷。研究了TiC/Al_2O_3复合陶瓷的热震循环疲劳机制和TiC起始粉末粒径对热震循环疲劳抗力的影响。TiC起始粉末粒径的调整可以控制TiC/Al_2O_3复合陶瓷的晶粒大小。AT2材料晶粒细化,其力学性能的改善是其热震循环疲劳抗力改善的根本原因。热震循环过程中的微裂纹,裂纹桥接和偏转,热震裂纹间的“碎粒”等是引起TiC/Al_2O_3复合陶瓷热震疲劳的机制。热震循环疲劳机制和细晶强化的综合作用导致了AT2材料的热震抗力有较大改善。     

低温烧结SiC-Al2O3-Y2O3复相陶瓷的研究

以SiC微粉为主要原料，添加适量氧化物复合烧结助剂在相对低的温度下烧结制成性能优良的精细SiC复相陶瓷材料，能满足耐磨陶瓷部件、机械密封件的使用要求，生产成本低，具有较强的实用价值。     

High-temperature mechanical property and thermal shock resistance of Al2O3f/Al2O3 composites

Continuous alumina fiber–reinforced alumina matrix composites (Al₂O_3f/Al₂O₃ composites) were produced via sol–gel process, then the high-temperature mechanical property and thermal shock resistance of Al₂O_3f/Al₂O₃ composites were investigated. The results showed that the composites exhibited excellent high-temperature properties. The mechanical property of the composites was affected by heat treatment (prepared at 1100°C exhibited the most desirable mechanical property). The tensile strength of the composites abruptly decreased at higher temperatures. Although the mechanical property of the composites deteriorated after the thermal shock test was conducted at high temperatures, they exhibited excellent thermal shock resistance. After 50 thermal shock tests conducted at 1300 and 1500°C, the flexural strength of the composites was found to be 124.34 and 93.04 MPa, thus showing a decrease in strength with the increasing temperature.     

Al2O3/TiC纳米陶瓷刀具材料的抗热震性能及断裂机理研究

用强度衰减法对Al2O3/TiC纳米陶瓷刀具材料的抗热震性能进行了详细的研究.热震实验表明该种材料的临界热震温差为340℃.当温差达到350℃时,强度有明显的下降.与微米级的材料相比,纳米材料的抗热震性能反而有所降低.通过对热震后试样表面的显微观察和表面热应力的估算发现,材料在烧结后冷却过程和热震过程中产生的热应力导致试样表面产生裂纹,从而导致了材料强度的下降.     

太阳能吸热器用莫来石--碳化硅陶瓷的原位合成(英文)

采用半干压成型和无压烧成技术,原位合成了用于太阳能热发电吸热器的莫来石结合碳化硅(SiC)吸热陶瓷。研究结果表明:经1 520℃烧成的样品B2(粒径≤61μm SiC 72%,粒径≤20μm SiC 18%,工业氧化铝4.64%,苏州高岭土5.36%)的综合性能最佳,其显气孔率、吸水率、体积密度和抗折强度分别为28.40%、13.35%、2.13g/cm3和44.20MPa;热震试验30次(1 100℃~室温,风冷),样品无裂纹,强度增加率达52.30%;在1 300℃氧化100h后,样品的氧化增重为25.43mg/cm2,氧化动力学常数为1.80×10--7kg2/(m4·s)。物相分析表明,样品的相组成为碳化硅、莫来石、石英和刚玉。显微结构分析表明,原位合成的莫来石结合于碳化硅颗粒间,赋予样品较好的抗折强度。热震试验30次后,可在样品中观察到更加致密的结构,碳化硅晶粒被树枝状微晶紧密联接,改善了样品的抗热震性。莫来石--碳化硅复相陶瓷可作为塔式太阳能热发电吸热器的潜在应用材料。     

高性能堇青石—莫来石棚板的研制

本文讨论了材料的化学组成对或堇青石－莫来石棚板的物理力学性能的影响，制品的气孔率与孔结构对强度，抗热震稳定性的影响；提出了根据原料的纯度即低熔性杂质成分Ｆｅ２Ｏ３，ＴｉＯ２，Ｋ２ＯＮａ２Ｏ的含量，确定堇青石－莫来石棚板配方选择的化学组成范围。     

抗热震陶瓷材料的设计

随着高技术陶瓷的应用发展，迫切需要提高陶瓷材料的抗热震性，以适应各种恶劣的应用环境，本文讨论了各种抗热震性能优良的陶瓷，提出抗热震陶瓷的设计思想。     

Effect of Al_2O_3-SiC Composite Powder on Properties of Al_2O_3-SiC一C Bricks

Al2O3- SiC- C specimens were prepared using white fused corundum( 3- 1,≤1 and ≤0. 044 mm),Al2O3- SiC composite powders( d50≤5 μm),α-Al2O3micropowder( d50= 1. 2 μm),SiC powder( ≤0. 044mm),flake graphite( ≤0. 088 mm),Si powder( d50= 42. 8 μm) and B4C powder( d50≤10 μm) as main starting materials,and thermosetting phenolic resin as binder. 4%,8%,12% and 16%( in mass,the same hereinafter) of Al2O3- SiC composite powders substituted the same quantity of α-Al2O3micropowder + SiC powder.Effects of composite powder additions on apparent porosity,bulk density,cold modulus of rupture,cold crushing strength,hot modulus of rupture( 1 400 ℃),therma shock resistance( 1 100 ℃,water quenching) and oxidation resistance( 1 000 and 1 500 ℃) of Al2O3- SiC- C specimens after 180 ℃ curing,1 000 ℃ 3 h carbon-embedded firing and 1 500 ℃ 3 h carbon-embedded firing,respectively,were researched. The results indicate that:( 1) with the increase of Al2O3- SiC composite powder,cold strengths of the cured specimens decline,those of the specimens fired at 1 000 ℃ change a little,and those of the specimens fired at 1 500 ℃ change a little except for an obvious improvement of cold crushing strength;( 2) with the increase of Al2O3- SiC composite powder,hot modulus of rupture at 1 400 ℃ decreasesand thermal shock resistance enhances significantly;( 3) when Al2O3- SiC composite powder addition is4%,the oxidation resistance at 1 500 ℃ is the best,and the reason may be the composite powder is finer and more active,which is beneficial to form dense mullite protective layer to retard the O2diffusion into the specimens.     

原位生成堇青石结合红柱石太阳能热发电储热陶瓷的抗热震性能

为提高储热陶瓷材料的抗热震性能,采用原位生成堇青石增强技术,以红柱石为主要原料,通过半干压成型,无压烧结研制了用于太阳能高温热发电红柱石储热陶瓷材料样品。研究了配方组成、烧成温度、相组成、微观结构对样品抗热震性能的影响。结果表明：红柱石添加量为 70%,经1 400 ℃烧成的样品抗热震性能最佳：30 次热震实验（热震条件：1 100 ℃～室温,风冷）的强度不仅没有损失,反而增加了 26.20%。相组成和微观结构分析表明样品的晶相为堇青石、莫来石、硅线石、α-方石英、α-石英等,原位生成的堇青石晶体均匀分布在由红柱石转化的莫来石晶体之间,赋予样品较好的抗热震性能     

Influence of a Piezoelectric Secondary Phase on Thermal Shock Resistance of Alumina-Matrix Ceramics

Using monolithic alumina ceramics as the reference, the thermal shock behavior of the hot-pressed alumina matrix ceramics with 3 mol% neodymium titanate was investigated. The thermal shock resistance of the materials was evaluated by water quenching and a subsequent three-point bending test to determine the flexural strength degradation. The hot-pressed composite exhibited a temperature differential of the thermal shock resistance 120°C higher than the monolith, mainly because of significantly improved fracture toughness.     

太阳能热发电用氧化铝-碳化硅-氧化锆储热陶瓷的制备及表征

以α-Al2O3、部分稳定氧化锆(5.2%Y2O3,质量分数)和碳化硅为原料,采用无压烧成技术制备了太阳能热发电用 Al2O3–SiC–ZrO2(ASZ)储热陶瓷,研究了碳化硅和氧化锆添加量对 ASZ 储热陶瓷样品结构与性能的影响。结果表明：随着碳化硅添加量的增加,样品的力学性能、抗热震性和热物理性能均有提高;添加氧化锆可提高样品的力学性能和抗热震性能;经1280℃烧成的碳化硅添加量为50%、部分稳定氧化锆添加量为5%的样品的显气孔率、吸水率、体积密度和抗折强度分别为24.88%、10.44%、2.38 g/cm3和66.20 MPa;样品的比热容、导热系数和储热密度(600℃时)分别为1.05 kJ/(kg·K),2.26 W/(m·K)和916.91 kJ/kg。热震试验30次(室温～800℃)样品无裂纹,强度增长率为27.89%。     

High-temperature Performance of Porous Fe-Cr-Ni Matrix Composites Reinforced with Nano-particles of Al2O3

利用无压反应烧结工艺制备纳米 Al2O3颗粒增强多孔 Fe–Cr–Ni 复合材料,研究成型预压压力和烧结工艺对多孔金属基复合材料的高温弯曲强度和抗氧化性能的影响。结果表明,对于原始粉末的初压成坯,不同的压力导致不同的初坯密度和颗粒与颗粒之间的间隙,烧结后得到的样品含有不同的气孔率和相组成;由于金属基体在实验温度提高时开始软化以及气孔率会降低,在其共同作用下样品的高温强度先降低后缓慢升高;预压压力增加而导致的样品孔隙率较低,说明试样在氧化过程中接触氧的表面积较小,有助于提高复合材料的抗氧化性能。     

Nanoscale toughening of low carbon Al2O3-C refractories by means of SiCnw/Al2O3 composite reinforcement

To improve the thermal shock resistance of low carbon Al₂O₃-C refractories, SiC nanowires (SiC_nw) containing SiC_nw/Al₂O₃ composite reinforcement were introduced. The specific fracture energy of the Al₂O₃-C refractory matrix was obtained by statistical grid nano-indentation. The reinforcement mechanism of SiC_nw/Al₂O₃ on thermal shock resistance of refractories was investigated. The results revealed that the matrix-specific fracture energy of A6 (6 wt% SiC_nw/Al₂O₃ added) was 217 N/m, which was 58.4% higher than reference sample A0 (137 N/m) and 18.6% higher than MA6 (183 N/m, 6 wt% SiC/Al₂O₃ added). A6 showed the highest residual strength ratio of 49.8%, which was 114.7 % higher than A0 (23.2%) and 82.4 % higher than MA6 (27.3%). The components with different morphology in SiC_nw/Al₂O₃ cluster, especially SiC nanowires, promote the generation of microcracks, crack multi-deflection, and branching, which toughen the matrix and improve the thermal shock resistance of refractories. In comparison to the literature, A6 showed a higher rising in residual strength ratio than those with higher graphite content (4 wt% and 20 wt%), which will greatly reduce the consumption of carbon-containing refractories and contribute to the reduction of CO₂ emission.