基于关系模式的知识表示方法

本文提出了一种专家数据库系统中知识库的设计方法。采用关系模式来描述知识库，用数据库方法存储管理知识库，以解决紧密耦合结构的专家数据库系统的设计问题，改善知识库管理的功能，克服专家系统不能有效地利用现有的使用常规数据库技术建造起来的数据库的局限。     

A CONNECTIONIST APPROACH TO KNOWLEDGE ACQUISITION

A peculiar kind of architecture for artificial intelligence systems, or AIA, is presented with the algorithm, an assembler, needed to allocate the physical resources among the well-formed formulas of the prepositional calculus that is its associated language. Such an architecture has been simulated on the 32 Transputers net of the D1S-CSCI, Università di Napoli. Together with AIA, the associated language, and the assembler, we present here the algorithms currently under development: namely a system that exploits AIA as a data-driven, nonaddressable architecture to store selectively in an associative memory only its significant interactions with an unpredictable environment. Because in AIA it is possible to store only the instructions, not the data, and because to do this we need to change the connections between the nodes, the very act of storing means altering selectively some of the previously stored program and thus altering permanently the actual system-environment interactions, i.e., the system learns something.     

模态逻辑推理的翻译方法

文中研究了模态逻辑推理的翻译法，即把模态逻辑公式按照一定的规则翻译成经典逻辑公式，再用传统的定理器进行推理，文中指出，该方法在理论上保持了正规命题模态逻辑的可判定性，还给出了一些试验结果，说明该方法实际可行的。     

A MIXED INTEGER DYNAMIC PROGRAMMING APPROACH TO A CLASS OF OPTIMAL CONTROL PROBLEMS IN HYBRID SYSTEMS

An optimal control problem for hybrid systems is formulated based on hybrid machine models. A practical approach to solving the problem, suitable for a class of hybrid systems, is presented. This approach consists of transforming the hybrid machine model into a dynamic programming model. Transition costs, in this latter model, are computed using mixed integer programs formulated based on the structure of the original hybrid machine. It is shown that the optimal solution for this dynamic program corresponds to the optimal control decision sequence in the hybrid system. Practical examples, inspired from process-oriented industry applications, are provided to illustrate the solution approach.     

A FUZZY REASONING APPROACH TO SUPPORT KNOWLEDGE ACQUISITION

Abstract

Acquisition of a user's computer based problem-solving skill is an important research area in human-computer interaction. This type of information usually can be derived by careful inspection on the actual dialog behavior. To implement such a knowledge reasoning agent, several crucial issues are pointed out and carefully inspected. These include: (a) appropirtate knowledge representation schema that are able to demonstrate the causal relationship between pairs of dialog events; (b) the formulation of a valid formula in calculating the overall knowledge index from the background information; (c) determination of the minimum sufficient number of dialog events required to form a discernible pattern; and (d) generalization of categories of performance patterns that can be applied to all types of application domains. A prototype reasoning agent based on the proposed methodology is constructed and its effectiveness is verified with the dialog events during UNIX operations.     

一种基于PCA的图像表示与检索技术

本文提出了一种新的基于图像颜色分布特征和空间位置特征的图像表示方法以及相应的检索技术,首先使用一个颜色匀质谓词对图像进行多层分解,然后从分解得到的子图像中导出图像特征：“阈值子特征”和“颜色匀质标志子特征”,由于这种图像特征的给数将随着图像分解层数的增加而迅速膨胀,为此利用主分量分析法对其降维,图像的相似度量定义为归一化的子特征间的欧氏距离的线性组合,实验结果表明：使用本文提出的方法获得的图像检索结果能较好地同人们的期望结果保持一致。     

一种基于十元格蕴涵代数的知识表示方法

不确定知识表示中常使用语言值来表达其真实程度和可信程度。为处理具有语言值可信度的不确定性知识表示问题,基于十元格蕴涵代数,建立一个十元语言值可信度因子知识表示模型,并实现了具有语言值可信度因子的知识推理。所提出的知识表示方法可以有效地表达具有可比性或不可比性的语言值不确定性信息。实例说明所提出的方法在表示知识时能够尽量模拟具有语言值信息的人类思维模式,有利于对不确定性知识的智能处理。     

THE USEFULNESS OF A MACHINE LEARNING APPROACH TO KNOWLEDGE ACQUISITION

This paper presents results of experiments showing how machine learning methods arc useful for rule induction in the process of knowledge acquisition for expert systems. Four machine learning methods were used: ID3, ID3 with dropping conditions, and two options of the system LERS (Learning from Examples based on Rough Sets): LEM1 and LEM2. Two knowledge acquisition options of LERS were used as well. All six methods were used for rule induction from six real-life data sets. The main objective was to lest how an expert system, supplied with these rule sets, performs without information on a few attributes. Thus an expert system attempts to classify examples with all missing values of some attributes. As a result of experiments, it is clear that all machine learning methods performed much worse than knowledge acquisition options of LERS. Thus, machine learning methods used for knowledge acquisition should be replaced by other methods of rule induction that will generate complete sets of rules. Knowledge acquisition options of LERS are examples of such appropriate ways of inducing rules for building knowledge bases.     

面向对象的三维壳体非线性有限元程序设计方法

面向对象的有限元程序设计可以大大提高程序的模块化和代码的重用性,本文将结合三维壳体单元模型的特点、介绍如何对其进行面向对象的程序设计,根据非线性有限元的求解步骤,把整个程序框架划分成一些基类,并派生出相应的子类,本文只对其中的几个类（包括它们的派生类）进行重点阐述,并说明它们之间是如何来传递消息,这包括单元类,材料类,非线性方程求解器类,总装类和分析类及它们的子类。     

用演化Agent方法处理整数线性规划问题

描述了一种演化ａｇｅｎｔ模型,并用这种模型来处理整数线性规划问题,该模型基于求整数一性规划问题的分枝定界方法,具有解并行,目标驱动,时间复杂性低等特点。     

对象式逻辑程序设计

本文首先对逻辑程序设计与对象式程序设计进行一些比较，然后介绍对象式逻辑程序设计的基本原理、新进展、应用及目前存在的主要问题。     

《逻辑程序设计基础》

<正> 该书由“计算机工程与应用”编辑部出版发行。该书权威性大,作者 J.W.Lloyd 是澳大利亚墨尔本大学计算机科学系的专家。多年来,以他为首的一批学者在逻辑程序设计方面的杰出工作引人注目,在国际上产生了很大影响。作者1984年出版的“逻辑程序设计基础”(第一版),在国外引起强烈反响,被认为是“逻辑程序设计的数学基础的第一本著作”。Waw Emden 赞尝这本书的出版是“及时。有     

PERSPECTIVES IN KNOWLEDGE REPRESENTATION

In this paper we discuss recent developments in the research on knowledge representation, focusing on hybrid formalisms, nonmonotonic reasoning, and formalisms for reasoning about knowledge and reasoning in a multiagent scenario.     

概率逻辑推理的弱相关分解方法

本文给出了一种新的概率逻辑推理的分解计算模型。若表示专家知识的概率逻辑公式集具有一定的弱相关分解特性，则可分解为多个公式子集。大规模线性规划的Ｄａｎｔｚｉｇ－Ｗｏｌｆｅ分解方法可以用于这种分解的问题求解。     

CHUNKING MECHANISM FOR A KNOWLEDGE REPRESENTATION SYSTEM

A chunking mechanism to be used as a multipurpose device in a knowledge representation system is presented. The most relevant characteristics of this system are outlined in order to present the theoretical framework in which chunking has been developed. Uses of chunking as a learning mechanism and as a working memory are described.     

Petri网用于表示知识

本文研究了各种级别Petri网与模态逻辑之间的关系.Petri网的Enlogy是研究这些关系的基础.状况(case)和可达(Reachability)概念已经成功地用于以条件/事件(Condition/Event,简称C/E)网作知识表示.本文引用上述两个概念,使位置/变迁(Place/Transition,简称P/T)网和高级Petri网(High Level Petri Net,简称HLPN)可作知识表示.为了增强以 HLPN网作知识表示的能力,我们引用了状况变量和等价状况变量的概念.文中我们还以例子说明这些方法是可用的和有效的.     

一种广义综合知识表示方法及其应用

知识发现技术能发现数据中有用的模式和知识,但如何和专家系统有效集成仍然尚未得到解决.本文从知识表示的角度探讨二者集成,提出一种面向知识发现的广义综合知识表示方法.该方法能有效表示包括关联、分类、序贯、神经网络、基于案例推理等在内的多种知识类型,同时该方法将知识发现方法表示在其内部,从而有利于自动知识获取的实现.在此基础上提出一种新型专家系统原型.该原型从语义、机制和接口三个层次集成知识发现技术,可以有效进行自动知识获取.     

一种线性表示的遗传程序设计方法研究

遗传程序设计领域中的一个重要研究内容是如何有效地表示进化的个体（计算机程序）,对采用树的线性后缀形式的个体进行位置信息编码以实现多种形式的遗传操作,并给出形式化定义,设计并实现了一个基于栈的遗传程序设计算法,通过模拟实验比较了各操作的性能,这种编码方式可以扩展到程序的线性结构中,以实现特定的遗传操作,显示出线性表示具有适于解决不同问题的可行性和灵活性,还给出了基于串的一点交叉的线性遗传程序设计的模式理论,它可以把标准遗传算法的模式生成机制统一到该理论框架中。