化工园区应急响应阶段应急救援与疏散双向路径规划

应急救援与应急疏散是化工园区应急响应过程中的两类关键性决策。在实际的应急响应中,因园区路网简单、通行能力较弱等问题很可能出现道路冲突或拥堵的情况,导致疏散失败或救援车辆无法撤离。为解决上述问题,本文提出了一种考虑智能避障的化工园区应急救援与应急疏散双向路径优化方法。构建了基于动态栅格的环境模型,针对园区内部应急响应与园区内外协同应急响应两个阶段,分别定义了不同应急响应阶段下园区内的应急救援agent、应急疏散agent、园区外进入园区的应急救援agent和园区内离开园区的应急救援agent四类agent的结构与移动规则。针对化工园区应急响应两个阶段的响应特性,提出两种智能避障模型用以避免道路冲突,建立考虑智能避障的化工园区应急响应两阶段应急救援与应急疏散双向路径规划模型。采用动态栅格法对化工园区栅格环境进行实时更新,应用Dijkstra算法对化工园区双向应急救援与应急疏散路径进行仿真优化。仿真实验结果表明,应用所提出的优化方法可分别得到化工园区应急响应两个阶段无冲突的最优双向路径,实现智能避障前提下的双向路径最短,具有较高可行性与实用价值。     

Quantitative analysis of triglycerides using atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-mass spectrometry

Atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-mass spectrometry (APCI-MS) was used for quantitative analysis of triglycerides (TG) separated by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. APCI-MS was used for analysis of mono-acid TG standards containing deuterated internal standard, of a synthetic mixture of heterogeneous TG, of randomized and normal soybean oils and of randomized and normal lard samples. Quantitation of the TG by four approaches based on APCI-MS were compared, and these were compared to quantitation obtained using liquid chromatography (LC) with flameionization detection (FID). The APCI-MS methods were based on (i) calibration curves from data for mono-acid TG standards, (ii) response factors obtained from a synthetic mixture of TG, (iii) response factors calculated from comparison of randomized samples to their statistically expected compositions, and (iv) response factors calculated from comparison of fatty acid (FA) compositions calculated from TG compositions to FA compositions obtained by calibrated gas chromatography (GC) with FID. Response factors derived from a synthetic mixture were not widely applicable to samples of disparate composition. The TG compositions obtained using APCI-MS data without application of response factors had average relative errors very similar to those obtained using LC-FID. Numerous TG species were identified using LC/APCI-MS which were undetected using LC-FID. Two quantitation methods, based on response factors calculated from randomized samples or on response factors calculated from FA compositions, both gave similar results for all samples. The TG compositions obtained using response factors calculated from FA compositions showed less average relative error than was obtained from LC-FID data, and were in good agreement with predicted compositions for the synthetic mixture and for randomized soybean oil and lard samples.     

Complexities in lipid quantitation using thin layer chromatography for separation and flame lonization for detection

The use of thin layer chromatography (TLC) for separation (using silica gel coated quartz rods) and subsequent flame ionization for detection (FID) was examined to determine whether this method could be used for the quantitation of lipids. However, response factors (RF) for various lipids were different and depended upon several variables including the amount of material analyzed. For example, RF were 3-fold greater when 10 μg of tripalmitin was analyzed as compared to 1 μg of the same material. The amount of lipid detected by FID was also dependent upon the rate at which it passed through the flame. During analysis of methylpentadecanoate, detector response increased with scan speed, while at all speeds it was completely removed from the rod. On the other hand, depending upon the amount of cholesterol or phospholipid analyzed, the response either increased, remained unchanged or decreased with scan speed. During a fast scan, detector response was reduced because some material remained on the rod. Thus, the detector response is influenced by sample volatility. In conclusion, there appears to be a complex relationship between detector response and the amount of heat available per microgram of sample. Since we could not find a direct correlation between detector response and sample quantity, it would be difficult to use TLC-FID as a tool for quantitating the components of a lipid mixture. Presented at the 73rd Annual AOCS Meeting, Toronto, May 1982.     

Multilayer TiO2 nanorod cloth/nanorod array electrode for dye-sensitized solar cells and self-powered UV detectors

A multilayer TiO(2) nanorod-assembled cloth/nanorod array based electrode was fabricated by transferring different layers of TiO(2) nanorod-assembled cloth (TNRC) onto nanorod array grown on the conducting FTO substrate (titania nanorod, TNR). Combining the superior electron transport characteristics of TNR and outstanding optical properties of TNRC, the nanostructured electrode composed of two layers of TNRC meets the optimized design for high quality dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) and self-powered UV detectors. The highest efficiency of 4.02% for DSC under AM 1.5 was achieved with a high short circuit current density of 9.81 mA cm(-2), which was proved to be owing to the enhanced dye anchoring, light scattering and reduced charge recombination. For the photoelectrochemical (PEC) UV detector, the highest quantum efficiency of over 46% was obtained and a high photocurrent response of 0.271 mA cm(-2) was observed, together with the excellent self-powered, fast response and "visible blind" characteristics. A perfect linear response to the changed low-power signal indicates great potential for practical applications.     

Optimization of an Artificial Neural Network Topology for Predicting Drying Kinetics of Carrot Cubes Using Combined Response Surface and Genetic Algorithm

In this study, the advantages of integrated response surface methodology (RSM) and genetic algorithm (GA) for optimizing artificial neural network (ANN) topology of convective drying kinetic of carrot cubes were investigated. A multilayer feed-forward ANN trained by back-propagation algorithms was developed to correlate output (moisture ratio) to the four exogenous input variables (drying time, drying air temperature, air velocity, and cube size). A predictive response surface model for ANN topologies was created using RSM. The response surface model was interfaced with an effective GA to find the optimum topology of ANN. The factors considered for building a relationship of ANN topology were the number of neurons, momentum coefficient, step size, number of training epochs, and number of training runs. A second-order polynomial model was developed from training results for mean square error (MSE) of 50 developed ANNs to generate 3D response surfaces and contour plots. The optimum ANN had minimum MSE when the number of neurons, step size, momentum coefficient, number of epochs, and number of training runs were 23, 0.37, 0.68, 2,482, and 2, respectively. The results confirmed that the optimal ANN topology was more precise for predicting convective drying kinetics of carrot cubes.     

Maleated and non-maleated polyethylene-montmorillonite layered silicate blown films: creep, dispersion and crystallinity

Non-linear time dependent creep of polyethylene (PE) montmorillonite layered silicate (MLS) nanocomposites was investigated. PE grafted maleic anhydride (PE-g-MA) was used, as a coupling agent to improve the miscibility between PE and organically modified MLS. The creep and tensile response of maleated and non-maleated PE nanocomposites were determined. Tensile properties of maleated PE nanocomposites were higher than the non-maleated nanocomposites. Non-linearity in the creep response was modeled using the Burger model. A drop in the retardation time was observed for maleated PE nanocomposites. XRD, polarized optical microscopy and a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) were used to probe crystallinity and clay dispersion in the films. The tensile and creep properties were related to dispersion due to presence of MLS. The deformation response of PE blended with PE-g-MA and each of these separately modified by MLS showed synergistic contributions of the constituents. The response was attributed to dispersion effects with marginal effects of crystallinity.     

The influence of color on impulsiveness and arousal: Part 2 – Chroma

In the preceding Part 1, the effect of hue on impulsiveness and arousal was studied. From those results, yellow, red and orange were selected for further investigation since participants' performance was consistent with a low arousal state (high error rate and long response time) for the yellow background and high arousal state (low error rate and short response time) for the red background, whereas orange tended to result in high impulsiveness. This article will mainly investigate the fundamental theory of how chroma influences people's impulsiveness and arousal state. As in the previous article, the two main factors used to measure impulsiveness and arousal are also response time and error rate for each colored background. In the psychophysical experiment, participants were looking separately at backgrounds consisting of three hues (red, yellow and orange) with different chroma levels on screen to complete a range of psychometric tests. During the experiment, participants gave their response to the psychometric test as quickly and accurately as possible. From the results it can be seen that chroma has a significant influence on participants' response time and error rate, and influences impulsiveness and arousal. Gender difference will also be discussed in this article.     

Incorporating the effects of plant density into fertilizer response models

Equations describing the yield response to a limiting nutrient (the Mitscherlich equation) and the effect of plant density on yield are combined into a single model for the yield response surface as a function of both plant density and rate of application of a nutrient. As an example, the model was applied to data from an experiment studying the response of soybeans to phosphorus in which between-plot variation in plant density was large. The model gave a good fit and thus considerably improved the definition of the phosphorus response.     

Tris (2,2′-bipyridil) copper (II) chloride complex: a biomimetic tyrosinase catalyst in the amperometric sensor construction

The use of tris (2,2′-bipyridil) copper (II) chloride complex, [Cu(bipy)₃]Cl₂·6H₂O, as a biomimetic catalyst, is reported in the construction of an amperometric sensor for dopamine. The sensor was prepared modifying a glassy carbon electrode with a Nafion® membrane doped with the complex. The optimized conditions for the sensor response were obtained in 0.25 mol dm⁻³ Pipes buffer (pH 7.0) containing 150 μmol dm⁻³ H₂O₂, with an applied potential of −50 mV versus saturated calomel electrode (SCE). In these conditions, a linear response range between 9 and 230 μmol dm⁻³, with a sensitivity of 1.43±0.01 nA dm³ μmol⁻¹ cm⁻² and a detection limit of 4.8 μmol dm⁻³ were observed for dopamine. The response time for this sensor was about 1 s, presenting the same response for at least 150 successive measurements, with a good repeatability (4.8%) expressed as relative standard deviation for n=13. After its construction, this sensor can be used after 180 days without loss of sensitivity, kept at room temperature. The difference of the sensor response between four preparations was 4.2%. A detailed investigation about the sensor response for other eighteen phenolic compounds and five interfering species was performed. The sensor was applied for dopamine determination in pharmaceutical preparation with success.     

Effect of ATR Inhibition in RT Response of HPV-Negative and HPV-Positive Head and Neck Cancers

Radiotherapy (RT) has a central role in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) treatment. Targeted therapies modulating DNA damage response (DDR) and more specific cell cycle checkpoints can improve the radiotherapeutic response. Here, we assessed the influence of ataxia-telangiectasia mutated and Rad3-related (ATR) inhibition with the ATR inhibitor AZD6738 on RT response in both human papillomavirus (HPV)-negative and HPV-positive HNSCC. We found that ATR inhibition enhanced RT response in HPV-negative and HPV-positive cell lines independent of HPV status. The radiosensitizing effect of AZD6738 was correlated with checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1)-mediated abrogation of G2/M-arrest. This resulted in the inhibition of RT-induced DNA repair and in an increase in the percentage of micronucleated cells. We validated the enhanced RT response in HPV-negative and HPV-positive xenograft models. These data demonstrate the potential use of ATR inhibition in combination with RT as a treatment option for both HPV-negative and HPV-positive HNSCC patients.     

Preparation of sorbitol fatty acid polyesters,potential fat substitutes: Optimization of reaction conditions by response surface methodology

Effects of the reaction temperature, reaction time, mole ratio of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) to sorbitol, and mole ratio of fatty acid sodium soaps (FASS) to sorbitol on yields of sorbitol fatty acid polyester (SFPE) were examined with a response surface methodology. The optimum reaction conditions selected with response surface analysis were as follows: reaction temperature, 144°C; reaction time, 6.65 h; mole ratio of FAME to sorbitol, 10.7∶1; and mole ratio of FASS to sorbitol, 0.77∶1. Under these reaction conditions, the experimental yield of sorbitol fatty acid polyester (mean value: 92% range: 89–94%) obtained from seven replications was close to the predicted value (94%) calculated from the polynomial response surface model equation. The response surface methodology approach used in this study was able to predict the reaction conditions necessary for a high yield of sorbitol fatty acid polyester.     

钢结构防火涂料配方的响应面法优化

引言钢结构建筑的防火历来是备受业界关注的领域,在众多保护措施当中,防火涂料因其施工方便,不受钢结构形状、面积限制,防火性能优异等优点而在钢结构建筑中广泛使用。其中超薄膨胀型钢结构防火涂料具有粒度细、涂层薄、施工方便和装饰性好等特点,能在满足钢结构防火要求的同时     

Modeling of high-tension roll separator for separation of titanium bearing minerals

In this study, a three-level Box-Behnken factorial design combined with response surface methodology (RSM) for modeling and optimizing of process parameters of high-tension roll separator (HTRS), namely feed temperature, feed rate and roll speed for the separation of titanium bearing minerals (ilmenite and rutile) was developed. Second-order response functions were produced for the grade and recovery of the titanium bearing minerals in the conducting fraction. Taking advantage of the quadratic programming, optimized levels of the process variables have been determined as optimum levels to achieve the maximum grade of 98.7%, whereas the maximum level of recovery was 98.4% of titanium bearing minerals in the conducting fraction was predicted. The influence of the process variables of the HTRS on grade and recovery of the titanium bearing minerals in the conducting fraction was presented as 3D response surface graphs.     

Influence of Spray-Dryer Air Temperatures on Encapsulated Mandarin Oil

The influence of inlet and exit air temperatures (160–200 and 80–100°C, respectively) on the spray drying of mandarin oil was evaluated by using a three-level factor design. For optimization, dryer evaporative rate, volatile oil retention, and microencapsulation efficiency were considered as response variables. The response surface analysis produced significant (p < 0.05) polynomial regression equations that were successfully fitted for all response variables and no significant (p > 0.05) lack of fit was indicated for the reduced models. This observation confirmed an accurate fitness of the reduced response surface models to the experimental data. The multiple response optimizations indicated that an inlet air temperature of 200°C and an exit air temperature of 80°C were predicted to provide the maximum evaporative rate, volatile oil retention, and microencapsulation efficiency in the studied ranges.     

基于DOE、RSM及PSO的大尺寸板类塑件的翘曲优化

首先通过实验设计（DOE）分析得出对柜式空调面板翘曲变形影响较大的工艺参数为熔体温度、模具温度、保压压力和保压时间。其次,以这4个工艺参数为实验变量,以面板的翘曲量为目标,采用响应面法（RSM）构建出两者之间的二阶响应面模型,并优化出翘曲量最小的工艺参数,翘曲量预测误差率仅为2.486 %,模型精度较高。最后,运用粒子群算法（PSO）对二阶响应面模型进行迭代寻优,得出最优工艺参数。验证结果表明,PSO优化误差为4.882 %,相比于RSM优化,翘曲量实际值由5.217 mm降为3.459 mm,降低了38.367 %,优化效果较好。     

Dietary lipid modulation of immune responsiveness

The influence of dietary fat concentration and saturation on blastogenesis, cytotoxicity, antibody response and fatty acid composition of murine splenic lymphocytes was studied. Blastogenesis of lymphocytes from dietarily manipulated mice in response to alloantigens from control mice was significantly greater for those mice fed a diet containing minimal essential fatty acids (EFA) as the only fat source (EFA control) than those fed an EFA-deficient diet. When the dietary fat concentration was increased, blastogenic responses decreased compared to the EFA control diet. Lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity against allogeneic melanoma cells was greater for mice receiving diets with EFA only than for those deficient in EFA. However, cytotoxicity responses of mice fed additional polyunsaturated fat (PUF) decreased as concentration increased, whereas responses of mice fed the saturated fat (SF) diets decreased only when the dietary fat concentration was greater than 8%. As compared to diets with EFA control, direct plaqueforming cell (PFC) response was decreased for mice fed high levels of PUF and increased for mice fed high levels of SF; however, no difference in the percentage of IgM-positive cells was observed. These changes in PFC response were inversely related to the levels of linoleic acid in the lymphocyte. Thus, high levels of dietary fat, and particularly PUF, suppress lymphocyte functions when EFA requirements are met, whereas low levels (EFA control) intensify these responses. EFA deficiency, however, suppresses some lymphocyte responses. Thus, dietary lipids differentially modulate the levels of T- and B-cell responsiveness. Presented at the 73rd Annual Meeting of the American Oil Chemists' Society in Toronto, Canada, May 1982.     

Development of a POA/DBS/GOx Biosensor for the Determination of Glucose

In the present work, a simple technique is described for constructing a poly(o-anisidine) (POA)-dodecylbenzene sulphonic acid (DBS)-glucose oxidase (GOx) (POA-DBS-GOx) electrode. The enzyme glucose oxidase (GOx) was immobilized by crosslinking via glutaraldehyde on the POA-DBS film. The POA-DBS films were synthesized electrochemically on platinum substrate. The synthesized films were characterized by using electrochemical technique, conductivity measurement, UV-visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The conductivity of the polymer films was found to be about 7.61 × 10^?2 S/cm. The crosslinking of enzyme and the porous morphology of the polymer film lead to good stability and good response time of the enzyme electrode. The stability and lifetime of the POA-DBS-GOx electrode have been studied. It shows very good stability and response for 3–4 weeks at 4°C. The results of this study reveal that a phosphate buffer gives better response than acetate buffer in amperometric measurements.     

Substrate Effect on the Magnetoelectric Behavior of Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 Film-On-CoFe2O4 Bulk Ceramic Composites Prepared by Direct Solution Spin Coating

Magnetoelectric (ME) composite structures of Pb(Zr_0.52Ti_0.48)O₃ (PZT) and CoFe₂O₄ (CFO) were prepared by directly growing PZT films on highly dense CFO ceramics via a simple solution spin coating, rather than by conventional high-temperature cofiring. An obvious ME response, which had the same bias-dependent trend as the piezomagnetic coefficient of CFO ceramics, was observed in such film-on-bulk ceramic composites. It was found that the PZT films showed a good ferroelectric feature, and the ME response of the composites strongly depended on the resistivity of the CFO ceramics as both a substrate and a bottom electrode. The results suggest plenty of room for further enhancing the ME response of such films-on-ceramic substrate composites.     

A Metabolism-Related Gene Prognostic Index for Prediction of Response to Immunotherapy in Lung Adenocarcinoma

Immunotherapy, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), is a validated strategy for treating lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) patients. One of the main challenges in ICIs treatment is the lack of efficient biomarkers for predicting response or resistance. Metabolic reprogramming has been proven to remodel the tumor microenvironment, altering the response to ICIs. We constructed a prognostic model as metabolism-related gene (MRG) of four genes by using weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), the nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF), and Cox regression analysis of a LUAD dataset (n = 500) from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), which was validated with three Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets (n = 442, n = 226 and n = 127). The MRG was constructed based on BIRC5, PLK1, CDKN3, and CYP4B1 genes. MRG-high patients had a worse survival probability than MRG-low patients. Furthermore, the MRG-high subgroup was more associated with cell cycle-related pathways; high infiltration of activated memory CD4⁺T cells, M0 macrophages, and neutrophils; and showed better response to ICIs. Contrarily, the MRG-low subgroup was associated with fatty acid metabolism, high infiltration of dendric cells, and resting mast cells, and showed poor response to ICIs. MRG is a promising prognostic index for predicting survival and response to ICIs and other therapeutic agents in LUAD, which might provide insights on strategies with ICIs alone or combined with other agents.