Enhanced one-step purification of C2H4 from C2H2/C2H4/C2H6 mixtures by fluorinated Zr-MOF

The extraction of C₂H₄ from C₂H₆/C₂H₄/C₂H₂ mixtures is of great significance in the chemical industry for C₂H₄ production but the process remains challenging due to the similarity of these C₂ hydrocarbon species in their molecular size and physical properties. Here, we report the fluorination of a stable Zr-MOF, UiO-66, to fine-tune the pore dimensions and pore functionality. In particular, UiO-66-CF₃ shows notably preferential adsorption of C₂H₆ and C₂H₂ over C₂H₄, with C₂H₂/C₂H₄ and C₂H₆/C₂H₄ selectivities of 1.4 and 1.9, respectively. Theoretical calculations provide insight into the binding sites of UiO-66-CF₃ for C₂ hydrocarbon adsorption. Breakthrough experiments further confirmed the capability of the material for purification of C₂H₄ from C₂H₂/C₂H₄/C₂H₆ ternary mixtures, evidenced by the high purity C₂H₄ (99.9%+) obtained directly from outlet gas.     

Living cationic polymerization of 1H,1H,2H,2H perfluorooctyl vinyl ether

Summary Cationic polymerization of 1H,1H,2H,2H perfluorooctyl vinyl ether (CH₂=CH-O-C₂H₄-C₆F₁₃), initiated by the HI/ZnI₂ system in 1,1,2 trichloro trifluoro ethane at-30°C, leads to living polyvinyl ethers bearing a fluoroalkyl group. Results indicate that the polymerization is indeed free from chain transfer and termination reactions and that polyethers of controlled molecular weight and a narrow molecular weight distribution can be made available.     

氢氧直接合成法制过氧化氢技术进展

氢气和氧气直接合成过氧化氢是典型的原子经济性反应，因过程简单、产品清洁、生产成本低而成为催化领域研究开发的一个热点。总结了该法近年来在催化剂活性组分的选取及载体方面的进展；详细介绍了溶剂的选取和反应机理；讨论了各种反应器的安全性。指出今后的研究重点是提高氢气利用率、开发新型的反应器、提高过程的安全性。     

Structure and composition of CO2/H2 and CO2/H2/C3H8 hydrate in relation to simultaneous CO2 capture and H2 production

Gas hydrates from a (40/60 mol %) CO₂/H₂ mixture, and from a (38.2/59.2/2.6 mol %) CO₂/H₂/C₃H₈ mixture, were synthesized using ice powder. The gas uptake curves were determined from pressure drop measurements and samples were analyzed using spectroscopic techniques to identify the structure and determine the cage occupancies. Powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD) analysis at ?110°C was used to determine the crystal structure. From the PXRD measurement it was found that the CO₂/H₂ hydrate is structure I and shows a self‐preservation behavior similar to that of CO₂ hydrate. The ternary gas mixture was found to form pure structure II hydrate at 3.8 MPa. We have applied attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopic analysis to measure the CO₂ distribution over the large and small cavities. ¹H MAS NMR and Raman were used to follow H₂ enclathration in the small cages of structure I, as well as structure II hydrate. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009     

Study of the preparation of bulk tungsten carbide catalysts with C2H6/H2 and C2H4/H2 carburizing mixtures

The influence of the preparation procedure of tungsten carbide on the mechanism of carburization is discussed. This work is focused on the reduction and the carburization of tungsten trioxide by a mixture of hydrocarbon and H₂ to form WC. Temperature-programmed reaction spectra obtained with CH₄, C₂H₆ and C₂H₄ have been measured. In presence of the CH₄-H₂ mixture, H₂ is the reducing agent and the hydrocarbon is consumed for the carburization whereas C₂H₆ or C₂H₄ participates in the reduction of the tungsten oxide. The temperatures of reduction and carburization are lower by about 150 K using C₂H₆ or C₂H₄ instead of CH₄. Such a decrease of the temperature of reduction of tungsten oxide is needed to avoid the formation of poorly reducible compounds that can occur during the preparation of supported tungsten carbide. Furthermore, the surface area of the resulting carbide is 25 m²/g with C₂H₆ and C₂H₄ and 10 m²/g with CH₄. During the carburization, the deposit of excess carbon on the WC surface is larger with the C₂ hydrocarbons than with CH₄, but it protects the carbide and can be removed by hydrogen treatment. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Synthesis and crystallographic characterisation of Mg(H2dhtp)(H2O)5·H2O

A mononuclear complex of composition Mg(H₂dhtp)(H₂O)₅·H₂O has been prepared and characterised crystallographically.     

Sintering of Cr2O3 in H2/H2O Gas Mixtures

Sintering of Cr₂O₃ was performed at 1530°C under low pO₂ close to the Cr–Cr₂O₃ equilibrium generated by H₂/H₂O gas mixtures. Addition of 1 wt%ZrO₂ and 0·1 wt%MgO increases the density of Cr₂O₃ from 97% TD to nearly full density. Rapid densification and the higher density are attributed to the appearance of a transient CrO liquid phase as a result of the presence of ZrO₂ and MgO under the sintering conditions. A grain size reduction is also achieved owing to the presence of ZrO₂ particles and the possible formation of a MgCr₂O₄ spinel at grain boundaries. There is no connection between densification and loss of material due to evaporation. ©     

H2O-CO2、H2O-N2、H2O-He水平管外自然对流凝结换热特性研究

不凝性气体制约换热设备安全和系统效率,为研究不凝性气体-蒸气于水平管外自然对流凝结换热机理和特性,实验测量了不凝性气体He、N₂、CO₂质量分数分别为1.16%~18.18%、7.56%~60.86%、11.39%~70.95%,壁面过冷度为5~25 K,总压力为5~101 kPa的H₂O-He、H₂O-N₂、H₂O-CO₂自然对流条件下水平管外凝结换热特性,对比分析了H₂O-He、H₂O-N₂、H₂O-CO₂的不凝性气体质量含量、壁面过冷度以及压力因素的影响。压力和壁面过冷度一定,相同质量分数时,实验凝结传热系数与Nusselt理论解的比值(Q/Q_Nu)由大到小依次为：H₂O-CO₂、H₂O-N₂、H₂O-He;相同摩尔分数时,Q/Q_Nu由大到小依次为：H₂O-He、H₂O-N₂、H₂O-CO₂。相同总压力和不凝性气体质量分数时,H₂O-He的Q/Q_Nu随着壁面过冷度的增加下降最为缓慢。相同不凝性气体质量分数和壁面过冷度时,H₂O-He的Q/Q_Nu值最小,其受压力影响最为显著。     

1H,1H,2H,2H-全氟烷基丙烯酸酯的自压催化合成

以丙烯酸钾盐和全氟烷基乙烯基加成物(PFOEI)为原料,在反应体系自身产生的压力下,催化合成1H,1H,2H,2H-全氟烷基丙烯酸酯,考察了在原料配比为,n(PFOEI):n(丙烯酸钾):n(叔戊醇):n(PIC):n(阻聚剂)=1:1.5:20:0.06:0.05、反应时间为9 h下,溶剂、相转移催化剂和反应温度对酯...     

生产乙炔对电石的要求及乙炔清净

目前国内外乙炔大部分仍是由电石制得。然而由于工业电石除CaC2 外还含有很多杂质 ,所以生产乙炔不仅要求电石的纯度、粒度 ,还要求水温。一般电石的块度采用 8～ 2 5mm ,发生器温度控制在 85± 5℃ ,乙炔气体中含H2 S、H3 P、NH3 等气体会使氯乙烯合成氯化催化剂活性下降。因此 ,必须对乙炔气体进行清洁。采用次氯酸钠液体的氧化性将乙炔中的杂质氧化成酸性物质而除去。     

H2O-CO2、H2O-N2、H2O-He水平管外自然对流凝结换热特性研究

不凝性气体制约换热设备安全和系统效率,为研究不凝性气体-蒸气于水平管外自然对流凝结换热机理和特性,实验测量了不凝性气体He、N₂、CO₂质量分数分别为1.16%~18.18%、7.56%~60.86%、11.39%~70.95%,壁面过冷度为5~25 K,总压力为5~101 kPa的H₂O-He、H₂O-N₂、H₂O-CO₂自然对流条件下水平管外凝结换热特性,对比分析了H₂O-He、H₂O-N₂、H₂O-CO₂的不凝性气体质量含量、壁面过冷度以及压力因素的影响。压力和壁面过冷度一定,相同质量分数时,实验凝结传热系数与Nusselt理论解的比值(Q/Q_Nu)由大到小依次为：H₂O-CO₂、H₂O-N₂、H₂O-He;相同摩尔分数时,Q/Q_Nu由大到小依次为：H₂O-He、H₂O-N₂、H₂O-CO₂。相同总压力和不凝性气体质量分数时,H₂O-He的Q/Q_Nu随着壁面过冷度的增加下降最为缓慢。相同不凝性气体质量分数和壁面过冷度时,H₂O-He的Q/Q_Nu值最小,其受压力影响最为显著。     

H2O2 / O3, H2O2 / UV And H2O2 / Fe2+ Processes For The Oxidation Of Hazardous Wastes

Activated hydrogen peroxide produces very reactive OH-radicals which destroy hazardous contaminants in water. The principles and different methods of activation are described. Results from laboratory studies show the numerous applications of this new technology. A successful scaleup of laboratory tests to an industrial level is discussed. Finally, a cost estimate for treating different types of water with hydrogen peroxide is presented.     

制备钴镍黄铁矿作为固体氧化物燃料电池的耐硫阳极

硫钴化合物具有优良的光学、电学和磁学性能,是近几年的研究热点,本文以(Co,Ni)8S9-MoS_2为阳极催化剂制备的固体氧化物燃料电池在800℃H_2-H_2S中不仅能稳定运行,而且与纯H2相比,当阳极气体中含有25μg/g的H_2S时电池的性能有明显的提升,说明H_2S的存在能提升阳极的电化学活性。     

H2O2-Diffusion Through Liposomes

The toxicity of H₂O₂ suggests that it readily diffuses through cell membranes. The present paper demonstrates via a chromogenic peroxidase reaction that H₂O₂ can cross the lipid bilayer membrane without affecting the cell wall's integrity. In this demonstration, the chromogen ABTS was encapsulated with horseradish peroxidase into ovolecithin multilamellar liposomes. Upon the addition of dilute H₂O₂, the color was generated exclusively within the intact liposomes. Related results were observed with the AAP/DHBS chromogenic couple; however, this system is complicated by the small holes created by the phenol DHBS in the liposomal wall.     

Direct Oxidation of H2 to H2O2 and Decomposition of H2O2 Over Oxidized and Reduced Pd-Containing Zeolite Catalysts in Acidic Medium

Both the conversion and H₂O₂ selectivity (or yield) in direct oxidation of H₂-to-H₂O₂ (using 1.7 mol% H₂ in O₂ as a feed) and also the H₂O₂ decomposition over zeolite (viz. H-ZSM-5, H-GaAlMFI and H- ) supported palladium catalysts (at 22 °C and atmospheric pressure) are strongly influenced by the zeolite support and its fluorination, the reaction medium (viz. pure water, 0.016 M or 1.0 M NaCl solution or 0.016 M H₂SO₄, HCl, HNO₃, H₃PO₄ and HClO₄), and also by the form of palladium (Pd⁰ or PdO). The oxidized (PdO-containing) catalysts are active for the H₂-to-H₂O₂ conversion and show very poor activity for the H₂O₂ decomposition. However, the reduced (Pd⁰-containing) catalysts show higher H₂ conversion activity but with no selectivity for H₂O₂, and also show much higher H₂O₂ decomposition activity. No direct correlation is observed between the H₂-to-H₂O₂ conversion activity (or H₂O₂ selectivity) and the Pd dispersion or surface acidity of the catalysts. Higher H₂O₂ yield and lower H₂O₂ decomposition activity are, however, obtained when the non-acidic reaction medium (water with or without NaCl) is replaced by the acidic one.     

Substituted benzylidene Cyanines H90 H90 V 2

Eight new chain substituted benzylidene cyanine dyes have been prepared by H90 H90 V 2 condensing 4-dimethylamino-2′-nitrobenzophenone and 4-dimethylamino-3′,5′-dinitrobenzophenone H90 H90 V 3 with methiodides of quinaldine and 6-haloquinaldines, in H90 H90 V 3 absolute ethanol, using piperidine as a basic catalyst. The optical absorption and H90 H90 V 3 extra sensitisation data of the dyes have been recorded and compared with those H90 H90 V 3 of their methin analogues. H90 H90 V 3The dyes absorb at longer wavelengths than their unsubstituted analogues, H90 H90 V 2 contrary to earlier observations. The dyes obtained from the 2′-nitroketone are H90 H90 V 3 good sensitisers, whereas those obtained from the 3′,5′-dinitroketone, are densensitisers. H90 H90 V 3