THE EFFECT OF ANTIOXIDANT ADDITIVE ON THE THERMOXIDATION STABILITY OF DISTILLATES FROM MEDIUM CRUDE OIL

Fractions 100-150, 150-200, 200-250°C were distilled from medium Iraqi crude oil. The thermo-oxidation stability experiments were carried out on original and inhibited (with Topanol 0) distillate fractions using the Alcor Jet Fuel Thermal Tester, over a temperature range 516-573 k. It was found that the antioxidant (Topanol 0) efficiency depends on the fractions composition and the oxidation temperature. Only 30 PPM of Topanol 0 stabilizes fraction 100-150°C to a considerable extent. Also, an inhibition effect is obtained in fraction 150-200°C but at a higher antioxidant concentration (90 PPM). Only, slight inhibition effect was observed in fraction 200-250°C at low oxidation temperature (below 551 K), while effect will be of no value at higher oxidation temperatures.     

原油对泡沫稳定性的影响

本文综述了泡沫驱油过程中原油对泡沫稳定性的影响。运用热力学方法分析了原油与泡沫相互作用的强弱，将原油存在下泡沫的稳定性与液膜数相关联。微观模型观察结果表明，原油对泡沫稳定性影响的程度与原油性质有关，一般来说泡沫在轻质原油存在下的稳定性小于在重质原油存在下的稳定性。     

环烷酸对原油乳状液稳定性影响的研究进展

对近年来原油中环烷酸结构组成的研究进展进行了综述,从环烷酸的结构、相对分子质量、环烷酸在不同水相环境(不同酸碱度、不同盐溶液)以及环烷酸与原油活性组分(沥青质、石蜡)相互作用等方面对原油乳状液稳定性的影响进行了总结。分子结构和相对分子质量会影响环烷酸在油水界面的吸附行为从而影响乳状液稳定性;而不同水相环境会影响环烷酸的HLB值和界面活性从而影响乳状液稳定性;原油中的活性组分沥青质、石蜡与环烷酸相互作用也会影响环烷酸在油水界面的吸附及排布机理从而影响原油乳状液稳定性。     

沥青质和环烷酸含量对原油乳状液稳定性影响

以大庆油田原油为研究对象,与环烷酸、室内模拟污水配制成不同的原油乳状液.通过对各体系的析水率、界面张力和稳定性指数(TSI)的测试,考察了沥青质和环烷酸共同作用对乳状液稳定性的影响.结果表明,随着沥青质和环烷酸质量分数增大,乳状液的析水率从56.0％增加至93.8％;界面张力从0.984 mN/m增加至9.702 mN...     

辽河原油延迟焦化馏出油全馏分加氢精制

延迟焦化馏出油（包括汽油、柴油及蜡油）的烯烃含量和氮含量高,必须进行加氢精制.石油化工科学研究院组合使用活性支撑物RP-1和国产RN-1催化剂对辽河原油焦化馏出油全馏分进行加氢精制,其生成油质量大幅度提高.使烯烃饱和.氮含量降低,为催化裂化和加氢裂化装置扩大了原料来源.     

环烷酸对高沥青质含量稠油乳状液稳定性的影响

以高沥青质塔河稠油为研究对象,从中分离出沥青质,配制成模型油乳状液;从辽河、苏丹原油中分离出天然羧酸,考察原油中天然羧酸对塔河沥青质模型油乳状液稳定性的影响。 结果表明,天然羧酸可以起到类似于胶质的作用,通过对沥青质的分散作用,降低沥青质模型油乳状液的稳定性。 有机羧酸和烷基芳磺酸可以起到与天然羧酸类似的作用,而且烷基芳磺酸降低模型油乳状液稳定性的能力更强。     

硫含量对中东润滑油基础油性能的影响

由中东进口原油的减压馏分油和脱沥青油，采用溶剂精制、溶剂脱蜡、白土精制的传统加工工艺研制润滑油基础油，并探讨油品中硫含量对油品氧化安定性的影响。试验结果表明，中东润滑油基础油抗氧化性能好，采用传统工艺能够生产高粘指数ＨＶＩ、ＨＶＩＷ等级的基础油。     

ASPHALTENIC CRUDE OIL CHARACTERIZATION: AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECT OF RESINS ON THE STABILITY OF ASPHALTENES

High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and Thin Layer Chromatographic (TLC) latroscan were used to characterize an asphaltenic stock tank oil (STO) from the North Sea. The whole STO was separated into saturates, aromatics, polars 1 (resins 1), polars 2 (resins 2) and asphaltene fractions. The separated resins (1) and the more polar resins (2), also termed asphaltene peptizing agents, were further characterized by HPLC in terms of their neutral, basic, pyrrolic and acidic components. Resins (1) and resins (2) were mixed in different proportions with whole (original) STO; the resulting mixtures were tested for asphaltene onsets of precipitation due to n-C5 injection at 25° C and 690 kPa. Results of these tests are presented and the observed trends are explained in terms of resins characters and/ or major constituents.     

ASPHALTENIC CRUDE OIL CHARACTERIZATION: AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECT OF RESINS ON THE STABILITY OF ASPHALTENES

ABSTRACT

High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and Thin Layer Chromatographic (TLC) latroscan were used to characterize an asphaltenic stock tank oil (STO) from the North Sea. The whole STO was separated into saturates, aromatics, polars 1 (resins 1), polars 2 (resins 2) and asphaltene fractions. The separated resins (1) and the more polar resins (2), also termed asphaltene peptizing agents, were further characterized by HPLC in terms of their neutral, basic, pyrrolic and acidic components. Resins (1) and resins (2) were mixed in different proportions with whole (original) STO; the resulting mixtures were tested for asphaltene onsets of precipitation due to n-C5 injection at 25° C and 690 kPa. Results of these tests are presented and the observed trends are explained in terms of resins characters and/ or major constituents.     

EFFECT OF ABIETIC ACID DERIVATIVE SURFACTANTS ON CALORIFIC VALUE AND FLOW OF CRUDE OIL AND SOME DISTILLATES

A series of abietic monoester and amide have been prepared by esterification of abietic acid with long chain alcohol blend (Nafol 20⁺), polyethylene glycol (PEG 400, 600, 1000 and 4000) and hexadecylamine. The abietic diester derivatives were prepared by esterification of abietic-maleic anhydride adduct with Nafol 20⁺ only or polyethylene glycol-1000 and Nafol 20⁺. These reactions were carried out to prepare eight abietic acid derivatives. The products were purified and characterized by FTIR and ¹H NMR analyses. The surface-active properties of these compounds were correlated with their effect on pour point and calorific values of crude oil. From the results, it has been found that the compound EA23-MN, which has the more negative value of ΔG_ad, exhibited maximum pour point depression and increases the calorific values of crude oil and some distillates.     

THE COLLOIDAL STABILITY OF CRUDE OILS AND CRUDE OIL RESIDUES

ABSTRACT

A crude oil and three residues of the crude oil processing were investigated by determination of flocculation points of both the product solutions and the original products. Diverse analytical methods were used for characterizing products and their fractions. The evaluation of results was performed by the theory of regular solutions and its extension by Hansen. It was found, that the colloidal disperse phase shows a behaviour similar to that of polymer solutions. The conditions of the destabilization of the colloids can be defined by the critical Flory-Huggins interaction parameter. The solvation and the low soluble part of the asphaltenes have the greatest influence on the colloidal stability. The lowest stability is found for the visbreaking residue. The influence of the crude oil distillation on the colloidal stability is not significant.     

THE COLLOIDAL STABILITY OF CRUDE OILS AND CRUDE OIL RESIDUES

A crude oil and three residues of the crude oil processing were investigated by determination of flocculation points of both the product solutions and the original products. Diverse analytical methods were used for characterizing products and their fractions. The evaluation of results was performed by the theory of regular solutions and its extension by Hansen. It was found, that the colloidal disperse phase shows a behaviour similar to that of polymer solutions. The conditions of the destabilization of the colloids can be defined by the critical Flory-Huggins interaction parameter. The solvation and the low soluble part of the asphaltenes have the greatest influence on the colloidal stability. The lowest stability is found for the visbreaking residue. The influence of the crude oil distillation on the colloidal stability is not significant.     

复合剂与抗氧剂对煤基汽油机油氧化安定性的影响

以煤基费-托合成油为API III+润滑油基础油,利用高压差式扫描量热仪（PDSC）和热氧化模拟试验（TEOST MHT-4）测定配制煤基汽油机油样品的起始氧化温度和高温沉积物生成量,考察了复合剂和抗氧剂对煤基润滑油基础油起始氧化温度和高温沉积物的影响。结果表明：复合剂与抗氧剂的加入量不会持续增强油品的氧化安定性,过量的抗氧剂反而会因其自身氧化而增加高温沉积物生成量;全配方煤基5W-30汽油机油样品PDSC测试起始氧化温度为259.94 ℃,TEOST MHT-4试验高温沉积物为18 mg;与某品牌石油基5W-30汽油机油相比,煤基汽油机油具有更好的氧化安定性和更少的高温沉积物生成量。     

高蜡原油微波破乳乙酸钠-聚乙二醇添加剂的研究

采用乙酸钠和聚乙二醇2000复配添加剂对大庆高蜡原油破乳效果进行了研究。结果表明,利用SH9402微波反应系统,含水率为50%的大庆石蜡基高蜡原油乳状液在辐射功率为225 W、系统压力为0.7 MPa、恒压时间为7 min、剂油质量比为0.05、乙酸钠和聚乙二醇2000质量比为3：7时,脱水率达到96.39%,盐回收率达93.98%。与单一使用乙酸钠相比,不仅破乳效率高,而且乙酸钠用量降低,乙酸钠回收率提高,解决了乙酸钠残留的问题。     

不同种类抗氧化剂对环丁砜热稳定性的影响

选取4 种常见的抗氧化剂,考察不同种类抗氧化剂对环丁砜热稳定性的影响,以SO2释放量作为衡量环丁砜热稳定性大小的指标。实验结果表明,4种抗氧化剂均可改善环丁砜的热稳定性,其改善作用由大到小的顺序为：酚类抗氧化剂＞胺类抗氧化剂＞含硫抗氧化剂＞含铜抗氧化剂。综合考虑多种因素的影响,实际生产中宜采用胺类抗氧化剂作为环丁砜抗氧化剂。     

塔河原油密度与其沥青性质关联研究

选取油源相似、性质不同的塔河4种原油为原料,对其性质进行分析;对不同性质原油进行蒸馏分别制备出针入度在80～110(0.1mm)范围内的沥青样品,按照SH/T 0522中的分析项目对其进行性能分析。结果发现：①原油的密度可以表征原油作为生产沥青原料的性能;②沥青性质与所加工原油性质密切相关,在针入度满足要求范围内,随着原油密度的增加,沥青延度（25 ℃、15 ℃）逐渐降低,软化点逐渐升高;③当原油密度达到一定程度（0.94 g/cm3左右）,所制备沥青针入度接近100号沥青产品指标上限时,沥青的各项性能均能满足100号沥青产品的指标要求;但是,当沥青的针入度接近100号沥青产品指标下限时,沥青的25 ℃延度不能满足100号沥青产品的延度指标要求; ④在所选原油中,当原油密度超过0.95 g/cm3时,用蒸馏工艺难以生产出合格的100号道路沥青产品。     

降凝剂对中哈管输阿拉山口口岸多蜡原油流变性的影响

筛选了适合改善中哈管输阿拉山口口岸含蜡原油流变性的降凝剂,考察了加剂前后全黏温曲线的变化及重复加热、高速剪切对原油黏度和凝点的影响,并考察了静置稳定性。实验结果表明：在60 ℃处理温度下加入50 g/g乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯和丙烯酸接枝共聚物作为降凝剂,可使原油的凝点降低10~20 ℃以上,黏度、反常点、屈服值均有明显降低;重复加热温度低于60 ℃,随温度的降低原油改性效果变差;高速剪切对降凝剂降凝效果的影响与温度有直接关系,在析蜡高峰区温度附近降凝效果恶化严重;降凝剂对原油的静置稳定性表现较好。     

蜡晶形态结构对原油降凝的影响

 采用偏光显微镜观察了不同条件下蜡晶的形态变化，对蜡结晶过程中的结构、分布状态和生长规律进行了深入的研究，采用气相色谱分析了用52#、62#、80#蜡配制的模拟油中蜡的碳数分布，考察了凝点与蜡含量之间的变化规律，以及沥青质、胶质和大分子降凝剂(PPD)对模拟油降凝、降粘的影响，为改善原油流动性提供理论依据。实验结果表明，蜡晶的微观形态结构、蜡在油中的溶解性能以及降凝剂的降凝作用与模拟油中蜡的碳数分布密切相关，只有当降凝剂分子结构与油中蜡的结构匹配时，才能达到理想的降凝效果。通过实验确定了模拟油降凝时的临界蜡含量为40%（质量分数），大于该临界值后，凝点随着蜡含量的变化幅度将大大降低。     

EFFECT OF ASPHALTENE AND RESINS ON THE STABILITY OF WATER-IN-WAXY OIL EMULSIONS

Asphaltene, resins and paraffin waxes, their mutual interactions and their influence on the stability of water-in-oil emulsions have been studied. 20 wt % paraffin wax dissolved in decalin was used to model the waxy crude oil. Asphaltene and resins separated from a crude oil were used to stabilize the water-in-oil emulsions. Synthetic formation water was utilized as the aqueous phase of the emulsion. The emulsion stability increased with increasing the concentration of asphaltene with a subsequent decrease in the average particle size distribution of the emulsion. Resins alone are not capable of stabilizing the emulsion, however, in the presence of asphaltene they form very stable emulsions. Dynamic viscosity and pour point measurements provided evidence for resins-paraffin waxes interactions. Asphaltene in the form of solid aggregates form suitable nuclei for the wax crystallites to build over with a mechanism similar to that of paraffin wax crystal-modifiers. As asphaltene are polar in nature they are derived at the oil/water interface which was proved by the ability of asphaltene to reduce oil/water interfacial tension. Consequently, nucleation of the wax crystallites by asphaltene and resins at the interface will add to the thickness of the oil-water interfacial film and hence increase the stability of the emulsion.     

不同性质油品对渣油胶体稳定性的影响

向绥中36-1常压渣油中分别加入催化裂化油浆和减四线抽出油,研究了其对渣油胶体稳定性的影响。结果表明,加入两种油品后,体系的稳定性均呈下降趋势;不同油品对渣油胶体稳定性的影响程度不同,加入减四线抽出油后体系的稳定性比加入催化裂化油浆时高。从SARA组成、极性两方面考察了不同性质油品对混合体系胶体稳定性的影响。结果表明,SARA组分的变化对混合体系的胶体稳定性有影响,但不是影响其稳定性的主要因素,组分极性上的差距是造成混合体系稳定性变化的主要原因。