Adapting demons to knowledge management environments

Decision support systems depend on a variety of knowledge management techniques. These range from data base management, programming, and spreadsheet analysis to rule set management and automated inference. One valuable knowledge management technique that has yet to find its way into the repertoire of decision support system developers is general-purpose demon management. This article identifies and explores the major issues pertaining to the integration of demon representation and processing into a knowledge management environment. These serve as a basis for design and implementation of more flexible and powerful environments for decision support.     

使用BizTalk构建汽车行业现场打印系统

针对柔性制造汽车行业现场单据打印遇到的种种问题,探索使用微软的BizTalk Server 2006 R2进行企业内部应用集成,寻求一种通过BizTalk来对上游数据进行比对、映射、集成、处理并将消息向下游系统分发的方式,来完成一个工业级的汽车制造业现场打印系统.     

Smart Innovation Engineering: Toward Intelligent Industries of the Future

ABSTRACT

Knowledge-based engineering systems are founded upon integration of knowledge into computer systems and are one of the core requirements for the future Industry 4.0. This paper presents a system called smart innovation engineering (SIE) capable of facilitating product innovation process semi-automatically. It enhances decision-making processes using the explicit knowledge of formal decision events. The SIE system carries the promise to support the innovation processes of manufactured products in a quick and efficient way. It stores and reuses past decisional events or sets of experiences related to innovation issues, which significantly enhances innovation progression. The analysis of basic concepts and implementation method proves that SIE system is an advanced form of cyber physical systems. It is flexible, systematic, fast, and supports customization. It can play a vital role toward Industry 4.0 development.     

A language-independent and formal approach to pattern-based modelling with support for composition and analysis

ContextPatterns are used in different disciplines as a way to record expert knowledge for problem solving in specific areas. Their systematic use in Software Engineering promotes quality, standardization, reusability and maintainability of software artefacts. The full realisation of their power is however hindered by the lack of a standard formalization of the notion of pattern.ObjectiveOur goal is to provide a language-independent formalization of the notion of pattern, so that it allows its application to different modelling languages and tools, as well as generic methods to enable pattern discovery, instantiation, composition, and conflict analysis.MethodFor this purpose, we present a new visual and formal, language-independent approach to the specification of patterns. The approach is formulated in a general way, based on graphs and category theory, and allows the specification of patterns in terms of (nested) variable submodels, constraints on their allowed variance, and inter-pattern synchronization across several diagrams (e.g. class and sequence diagrams for UML design patterns).ResultsWe provide a formal notion of pattern satisfaction by models and propose mechanisms to suggest model transformations so that models become consistent with the patterns. We define methods for pattern composition, and conflict analysis. We illustrate our proposal on UML design patterns, and discuss its generality and applicability on different types of patterns, e.g. workflow patterns, enterprise integration patterns and interaction patterns.ConclusionThe approach has proven to be powerful enough to formalize patterns from different domains, providing methods to analyse conflicts and dependencies that usually are expressed only in textual form. Its language independence makes it suitable for integration in meta-modelling tools and for use in Model-Driven Engineering.     

Scoping Analytical Usability Evaluation Methods: A Case Study

ABSTRACT

Analytical usability evaluation methods (UEMs) can complement empirical evaluation of systems: for example, they can often be used earlier in design and can provide accounts of why users might experience difficulties, as well as what those difficulties are. However, their properties and value are only partially understood. One way to improve our understanding is by detailed comparisons using a single interface or system as a target for evaluation, but we need to look deeper than simple problem counts: we need to consider what kinds of accounts each UEM offers, and why. Here, we report on a detailed comparison of eight analytical UEMs. These eight methods were applied to a robotic arm interface, and the findings were systematically compared against video data of the arm in use. The usability issues that were identified could be grouped into five categories: system design, user misconceptions, conceptual fit between user and system, physical issues, and contextual ones. Other possible categories such as user experience did not emerge in this particular study. With the exception of Heuristic Evaluation, which supported a range of insights, each analytical method was found to focus attention on just one or two categories of issues. Two of the three “home-grown” methods (Evaluating Multimodal Usability and Concept-based Analysis of Surface and Structural Misfits) were found to occupy particular niches in the space, whereas the third (Programmable User Modeling) did not. This approach has identified commonalities and contrasts between methods and provided accounts of why a particular method yielded the insights it did. Rather than considering measures such as problem count or thoroughness, this approach has yielded insights into the scope of each method.     

遥感大数据研究现状与发展趋势

目的 遥感数据空间分辨率、时间分辨率、光谱分辨率以及辐射分辨率不断提高,数据类型也不断增加,从航天、航空、临近空间等遥感平台所获取的遥感数据量急剧增加,遥感数据已经具有明显的大数据特征。本文旨在从系统应用的角度分析遥感大数据处理中涉及的关键技术与问题,为相关研究人员提供有价值的参考。方法 在参考大量文献的基础上,首先阐明遥感大数据的特点。其次,从GPU硬件加速、集群、网格、云计算、云格、复杂高性能计算等角度介绍了遥感大数据处理系统。再次,从分布式集群化存储技术等,分析了遥感大数据处理的关键技术。最后,从遥感大数据的多类不确定性、信息融合、机器学习、分析平台等出发,说明了目前研究存在的问题;从遥感大数据多类不确定性建模,面向遥感大数据的机器学习方法等角度说明了遥感大数据发展的趋势。结果 本文详细梳理了遥感大数据的特点、典型的处理系统、核心技术,力图总结出在实际应用与学术研究中该领域需要解决的关键问题以及未来的发展趋势。结论 大数据技术为遥感数据挖掘与知识获取带来了机遇与挑战,面向大数据的机器学习、数据统一分析框架、面向大数据的信息深度融合等问题的突破,将促进遥感知识挖掘的进一步发展。     

A posteriori concurrent detection and identification of quasiperiodic fragments in a sequence from their pieces

An a posteriori (off-line) approach to solving the problem of concurrent detection and identification of quasiperiodic fragments in a numeric sequence from their pieces is considered. A solution of the problem is given for the case of an unknown number of sought fragments. It is supposed that: (1) each fragment to be found is identical with an element from a given alphabet of reference sequences comprising the same number of terms; (2) only a piece (part) of each sought fragment is potentially available for processing, with their inaccessible parts interpreted as missing data; (3) the ordinal numbers of sequence elements corresponding to the beginning of the sought fragment and to the endpoints of its piece are predetermined (nonrandom) variables, with piece endpoints varying from fragment to fragment and the sought fragments occurring in the sequence quasiperiodically; and (4) a Gaussian uncorrelated noise conceals from observation the input sequence containing quasiperiodic reference sequences. It is shown that the problem under study is, in its nature, equivalent to testing a set of hypothesis about the mean of a random Gaussian vector. The cardinality of this set grows exponentially with the vector dimension, which is the number of sequence elements. An efficient algorithm of a posteriori type, ensuring detection and identification under the maximum likelihood criterion, is developed and mathematically substantiated. Estimates for the time and space complexity of the algorithm as a function of problem parameters are given. Results of numeric simulation are presented. Aleksandr V. Kel’manov. Born April 25, 1952. Graduated from Izhevsk State Technical University in 1974. Received candidate’s degree in 1980 and doctoral degree in 1994. Leading researcher of the Sobolev Institute of Mathematics, Siberian Division, Russian Academy of Sciences. Scientific interests: mathematical methods for pattern recognition; discrete optimization; effective algorithms for the analysis and recognition of random sequences; algorithms for the solution of applied problems; and methods and algorithms for the processing, recognition, and synthesis of voice signals. Author of more than 140 papers. Sergei A. Khamidullin. Born March 28, 1952. Graduated from Novosibirsk State University in 1974. Received candidate’s degree in 1997. Senior researcher of the Sobolev Institute of Mathematics, Siberian Division, Russian Academy of Sciences. Scientific interests: mathematical methods for pattern recognition; discrete optimization; effective algorithms for the analysis and recognition of random sequences; algorithms for the solution of applied problems; and methods and algorithms for the processing, recognition, and synthesis of voice signals. Author of more than 85 papers.     

Recognition of a numerical sequence containing series of quasi-periodically repeating reference fragments: The case of a known number of fragments

An a posteriori (off-line) approach to the recognition of a numerical sequence that contains a series of the quasiperiodically repeating reference fragments (sequences) is analyzed. The solution of the problem is proposed for the case when the number of fragments in the sequence is known. The following assumptions are made. (i) A unique generating reference set (an ordered set of the elements from an alphabet of the reference sequences with equal lengths (numbers of elements)) corresponds to each of the recognized sequence. (ii) The elements of the reference set are contained in the generated sequence as repeating fragments, so that each element of the set corresponds to its own series and the series are ordered in the same way as the elements of this set. (iii) A system of the ordered reference sets (vocabulary) that generate the recognized sequences is determined. (iv) The number of repetitions in a series and the number of the element corresponding to the beginning of the fragment represent deterministic (rather than random) but unknown quantities. (v) A sequence perturbed with an additive Gaussian uncorrelated noise is observed. It is demonstrated that the essence of the problem under study lies in the verifying a set of hyprotheses on the mean value of the random Gaussian vector (the power of this set exponentially increases with an increase in the dimension of the vector—the sequence length). An effective a posteriori algorithm that ensures the decision-making on the maximum-likelihood criterion is validated. The estimates of the time and space complexity are related to the parameters of the problem. The results of numerical simulation are presented. This work was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project no. 03-01-00036 and 06-01-00058. Aleksandr V. Kel’manov. Born April 25, 1952. Graduated from Izhevsk State Technical University in 1974. Received candidate’s degree in 1980 and doctoral degree in 1994. Leading researcher of the Sobolev Institute of Mathematics, Siberian Division, Russian Academy of Sciences. Scientific interests: mathematical methods for pattern recognition; discrete optimization; effective algorithms for the analysis and recognition of random sequences; algorithms for the solution of applied problems; and methods and algorithms for the processing, recognition, and synthesis of voice signals. Author of more than 120 papers. Lyudmila V. Mikhailova. Born December 10, 1975. Graduated from Novosibirsk State University in 1999. Received candidate’s degree in 2003. Senior researcher of the Sobolev Institute of Mathematics, Siberian Division, Russian Academy of Sciences. Scientific interests: mathematical methods for pattern recognition, operations research, and algorithms for the solution of applied problems. Author of 18 papers.     

目标特征指导的多分辨率体绘制算法

多分辨率体绘制是解决海量数据体绘制的一种有效方法。但对于数据散乱分布、同质区域较小的体绘制数据（比如物探领域的地震信号数据）,传统的基于香农熵或均方差的多分辨率方式均难以有效实现降低数据量的效果。本文提出了一种基于目标特征的多分辨率体绘制方法。以数据体中的目标特征为指导,适当降低非目标区域的分辨率,在尽可能不丢失其目标区域信息的情况下,实现有效的多分辨率体绘制。本文方法能够在目标保证数据量的前提下,尽可能的通过丢弃非目标区域的信息量,进而保护数据体的关键信息,以得到较好的绘制效果。实验结果表明,本文方法能与传统方法相比能够更好的保证关键区域绘制效果,同时进一步的降低用于绘制的数据量。     

整合神经网络置乱图像的动态自反馈混沌系统图像加密

目的 针对当前大多数数字图像加密算法多采用单一的混沌系统,且置乱方法基本只采用像素行列互换、Arnold变换、Baker变换、序列排序构造替换表等几类,提出一种新的整合神经网络置乱图像的动态自反馈混沌系统图像加密算法。方法 该算法通过1维Logistic混沌、chebyshev混沌和自定义m（x）运算构造了一种动态自反馈混沌系统,通过频数检测、序列分布图、平衡度分析、相关性分析、Lyapunov指数验证了系统的随机性,并对其序列进行了均匀化处理,通过序列均匀性证明、序列分布图、序列期望和方差验证了均匀化效果。该算法从混沌序列中随机选取输入值和参数输入神经网络,采用每组神经网络输出值构造置乱矩阵进行初次全局置乱,再从bit位进行二次置乱;采用两组与明文相关的秘钥序列进行像素值替代扩散,使得明文到密文经过中间密文变化,增强了算法的安全性。结果 通过计算机仿真和性能分析表明该加密算法体现了良好的密码学特征,从秘钥空间、秘钥敏感性、统计分析、信息熵、差分分析、相邻像素相关性分析各方面验证了其安全性,数据表明该算法秘钥空间达到了2²¹⁶,信息熵为7.998 3,水平、垂直、对角方向相邻像素相关系数分别为-0.000 381、0.000 607、-0.000 309,NPCR值介于（0.995~80.996 6）之间,UACI值介于（0.333~0.338）之间。结论 该算法可以实现良好的加密效果,在数据对比上优于超混沌系统图像加密、像素位置和bit位双重置乱加密等,可以被广泛应用在灰度图像加密中乃至扩展到彩色图像加密中,能够起到图像信息在网络传输、存储中的隐私保护作用。     

LAV数据集成系统中查询重写的处理

查询重写是数据集成研究中的一个基本问题,同时也是一个热点问题。MiniCon算法是一种可伸缩的高效的查询重写算法。文本对它进行了深入的介绍,将MiniCon算法与数据源的查询能力相结合,解决了MiniCon算法中不考虑实际数据源查询能力的问题,完成了LAV数据集成系统中的查询处理。     

分布式计算系统中的算法集成方法

算法集成是研制建设综合性数据处理分析系统的一项重要内容.本文基于临近空间科学实验支持系统研制实践,针对面向科学研究需求的数据处理分析系统的算法集成问题,设计了一种大型分布式系统中集成多种类、多版本、多功能算法的方法,通过构建算法插件,满足了此类科学实验支持系统并行开发、插件化调用、灵活扩展、更新迭代的要求.采用该方法集成的系统部署在ZStack私有云平台上,通过对临近空间科学实验中多种大气参数、原位探测参数、生态参数的计算分析实验验证了该方法的有效性.     

Fusion of FISH image analysis methods of HER2 status determination in breast cancer

The paper presents an application of several methods of markers localization in fluorescent in situ hybridization images in order to determine HER2 status of the breast cancer samples. The applied methods implement different mathematical foundations of image processing and perform the analysis in an independent way. The paper proposes their fusion to obtain better results of spot recognition. The integration process of many methods takes into account different points of view on the classification problem and takes the best from each of them in developing the final solution. Thanks to this the improvement of the performance of the system is achieved. The efficiency of the developed system in the form of sensitivity and specificity has been verified on the examples of analysis of many FISH images. They confirm the advantage of using several methods of image processing combined in the form of an ensemble.     

Antialiasing by Gaussian integration

The antialiasing method presented is based on Gaussian integration rather than Fourier spectrum analysis; it views aliasing as a general integral approximating a sampled function instead of a signal reconstruction problem. In this way, we can use classical numerical analysis to study the problem     

Telegeoprocessing: The integration of remote sensing,Geographic Information System (GIS), Global Positioning System (GPS) and telecommunication

This paper aims to bring together most of the key issues involved in research in novel systems in telegeoprocessing. Telegeoprocessing can be defined as a new discipline based on real-time spatial databases updated regularly by means of telecommunications systems in order to support problem solving and decision-making at any time and any place . It involves the integration of remote sensing, Geographic Information Systems (GIS), Global Positioning System (GPS) and telecommunications. Telegeoprocessing can be categorized as WebGIS (an integration of Internet and GIS), Mobile Geoprocessing (Wireless Mapping - an integration of mobile computing and GIS) and TeleGIS (an integration of GIS and other telecommunication techniques). This paper presents a comprehensive introduction to the problems encountered in telegeoprocessing engineering and the major technologies and standards related to designing an integrated, fully functional telegeoprocessing system based on the latest multimedia and telecommunication technologies. Overall attention will be given to systems based on remote sensing and GPS and all other technologies for sending data from sensors to GIS systems by means of multimedia telecommunications. Finally, we describe our pilot telegeoprocessing programme, which is currently being carried out in the Laboratory of Remote Sensing Information Sciences, Institute of Remote Sensing Applications, Chinese Academy of Science, China.     

结合深度学习与条件随机场的遥感图像分类

目的 为进一步提高遥感影像的分类精度,将卷积神经网络（CNN）与条件随机场（CRF）两个模型结合,提出一种新的分类方法。方法 首先采用CNN对遥感图像进行预分类,并将其类成员概率定义为CRF模型的一阶势函数;然后利用高斯核函数的线性组合定义CRF模型的二阶势函数,用全连接的邻域结构代替常见的4邻域或8邻域;接着加入区域约束,使用Mean-shift分割方法得到超像素,通过计算超像素的后验概率均值修正各像素的分类结果,鼓励连通区域结果的一致性;最后采用平均场近似算法实现整个模型的推断。结果 选用3组高分辨率遥感图像进行地物分类实验。本文方法不仅能抑制更多的分类噪声,同时还可以改善过平滑现象,保护各类地物的边缘信息。实验采用类精度、总体分类精度OA、平均分类精度AA,以及Kappa系数4个指标进行定量分析,与支持向量机（SVM）、CNN和全连接CRF相比,最终获得的各项精度均得到显著提升,其中,AA提高3.28个百分点,OA提高3.22个百分点,Kappa提高5.07个百分点。结论 将CNN与CRF两种模型融合,不仅可以获得像元本质化的特征,而且同时还考虑了图像的空间上下文信息,使分类更加准确,后加入的约束条件还能进一步保留地物目标的局部信息。本文方法适用于遥感图像分类领域,是一种精确有效的分类方法。     

Web信息抽取网页自动浏览导航与集成规则研究

We b中蕴藏着大量有价值的数据,过去十几年中,针对We b信息抽取技术已有较多的研究。而现有的研究和系统多集中在数据抽取处理阶段,忽略或简化了完整的We b信息抽取过程需要的网页自动浏览导航和集成处理。为克服这些不足,提出了包含浏览导航、数据抽取和集成过程的三阶段We b信息抽取处理模型,基于此进一步研究提出了自动浏览导航模型,并设计实现了网页自动浏览导航规则语言。研究提出了一种We b数据抽取、转换和集成（extraction-transformation-integration,ETI）模型,设计实现了一套灵活有效的数据集成和流程控制规则语言,能有效地维护跨网页数据记录的复杂关系,并提供灵活的流程控制能力。抽取实例的结果表明,该规则语言和系统可有效完成全过程化的We b信息抽取集成处理功能。     

可视数据清洗综述

目的 数据清洗是一个长期存在并困扰人们的问题,随着可视化技术的发展,可视数据清洗必将成为数据清洗的重要方法之一.阐述数据的主要质量问题和可视数据清洗的过程,回顾可视数据清洗的研究现状(包括数据质量问题的来源、分类以及可视数据清洗方法),并根据已有文献总结可视数据清洗面临的主要挑战和机遇.方法 由于数据清洗的方法和策略与具体的数据质量问题相关,因此本文以不同的数据质量问题为线索来归纳和评述可视数据清洗的方法和策略.结果 根据数据质量问题的不同,将可视清洗方法归纳为直接可视清洗、可视缺失数据、可视不确定数据、可视数据转换和数据清洗资源共享等,并依据不同的数据质量问题归纳总结出相应问题所面临的挑战和可进一步研究的方向.结论 对可视数据清洗的归纳、总结和展望,并指出在数据清洗领域中可视数据清洗将会是未来最有前景的研究方向之一.     

Extraction and recognition of artificial text in multimedia documents

Abstract The systems currently available for contentbased image and video retrieval work without semantic knowledge, i. e. they use image processing methods to extract low level features of the data. The similarity obtained by these approaches does not always correspond to the similarity a human user would expect. A way to include more semantic knowledge into the indexing process is to use the text included in the images and video sequences. It is rich in information but easy to use, e. g. by key word based queries. In this paper we present an algorithm to localise artificial text in images and videos using a measure of accumulated gradients and morphological processing. The quality of the localised text is improved by robust multiple frame integration. A new technique for the binarisation of the text boxes based on a criterion maximizing local contrast is proposed. Finally, detection and OCR results for a commercial OCR are presented, justifying the choice of the binarisation technique.An erratum to this article can be found at     

小型空间飞行器集成化遥测系统设计与实现

传统遥测系统存在组成设备多、重量重、安装空间大、接口和电缆网复杂等不足，无法满足小型空间飞行器对重量、尺寸、飞行时序的灵活设计、遥测数据的事后处理等新的需求。针对该问题，提出了一种小型空间飞行器集成化遥测系统设计方法。该方法采用综合电子集成技术、循环下传设计、混合编帧和事后数据拼接处理方法，设计并实现了一种小型集成化遥测系统。地面及飞行试验表明，该系统降低了重量、尺寸和功耗，极大地降低了数据丢帧率，提高了无线传输系统的可靠性。该技术对于体积和重量要求苛刻的小型空间飞行器，具有良好的应用前景和推广价值。