预分散溶剂萃取分离苯酚溶液的研究

Predispersed solvent extraction (PDSE) is a new method for separating solutes from aqueous solution by solvent extraction and one which has shown promise for extraction from extremely dilute solution very efficient and very quick. The use of colloidal liquid aphrons in predispersed solvent extraction may ameliorate the problems such as emulsion formation, reduction of interracial mass transfer and low interfacial mass transfer areas in solvent extraction process. In present paper, colloidal liquid aphrons are successfully generated using kerosene as a solvent,tributyl phosphate(TBP) as an extractant, sodium dodecyl benzene sulphate(SDBS) as surfactant in aqueous phase and Tween-80 in oil phase. Extraction of phenol from dilute solution was studied by using colloidal liquid aphrons and colloidal gas aphrons in a semi-batch extraction column. It has been found that the PDSE process is more suitable for extraction of dilute solutions. It has also been discovered that the PDSE process has a great advantage over traditional single-stage extraction process.     

The Analysis of Valence State of Np and Pu in Chinese High‐Level Liquid Waste

Abstract

The valence states of neptunium and plutonium in simulated and genuine Chinese high‐level liquid waste (HLLW) have been studied by solvent extraction. A TRPO process has been developed in our laboratory in recent years in which 30% TRPO‐kerosene was used as extractant. This process demonstrates good extraction efficiency for neptunium as well as uranium, plutonium, and americium. A countercurrent solvent extraction experiment with genuine HLLW has been carried out with 16 stages of centrifugal extractors. The results of valence state experiments showed that the neptunium and plutonium were mainly in the tetravalent state respectively. It is not necessary to regulate the valence state of neptunium before HLLW treatment by the Chinese TRPO process.     

溶剂微胶囊--现代萃取技术发展的核心之一

从溶剂微胶囊的制备及应用两方面较为全面地综述了溶剂微胶囊技术的发展,并总结了其特点,提出技术展望。溶剂微胶囊技术是微胶囊技术与萃取技术相结合而发展起来的新型分离技术,溶剂微胶囊具有萃淋树脂可以有效避免乳化和分相容易等优点,而在萃取剂包覆量和防止萃取剂流失方面,具有更明显的优势。     

The nondistillation alcohol extraction process for soybean oil

Summary A new vegetable oil extraction process has been developed, with alcohol as the oil solvent. The process requiresno distillation to recover the oil or the solvent characteristics of the alcohol. This has been demonstrated by reuse of the solvent more than 85 times. The theoretical energy requirement of the process is about three-fourths that of the hexane process. One of the laboratories of the Bureau of Agricultural and Industrial Chemistry, Agricultural Research Administration, U. S. Department of Agriculture.     

萃取法净化磷酸工艺

本文采用二丁基亚砜(DBSO)作为萃取剂,对于用硫酸分解磷矿而得的粗磷酸进行多级逆流萃取及反萃取,以获得高纯度的磷酸和磷酸盐.采用本流程可以利用我国藏量很大的低品位磷矿来制取纯磷酸,用于化肥、轻工、食品等行业.本文中述及的制取磷酸二氢钾(KH_2PO_4 )即为一例.本流程系将部分有效磷变为纯磷酸等优质产品,而余下部分制取普通磷肥或磷酸盐.这不仅在经济上较为有益,而且在解决三废污染方面较现有磷肥工业有所改进.     

Laboratory apparatus for extracting sulfur at an elevated temperature

Conclusions A special extraction apparatus construction has been developed, which ensures a considerable acceleration of the extraction process, particularly in determining the sulfur content of the activated carbon used in freeing exhaust discharges from carbon disulfide in the man-made fibre industry.Efficiency in operation of this apparatus is attained as a result of raising the extraction temperature to a temperature close to the boiling point of the solvent used.The apparatus construction has been described, and an example has been given of its use to determine elemental sulfur in activated carbon by extraction with trichloroethylene, with subsequent spectrophotometric measurement.Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 4, pp. 33–34, July–August, 1988.     

Multi response optimisation of polyphenol extraction conditions from grape seeds by using ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE)

Multi response optimisation conditions were investigated in grape seeds’ phenolic compounds extraction by using ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) methodology. The effect of independent process variables such as EtOH concentration (0–100%), extraction time (0–40 min), solvent:solid ratio (4.5–38.5 mL/g) and extraction temperature (20–60°C) on total phenolic content (TPC) and total antioxidant activity (TAA) of the extracts were studied. The optimum conditions of UAE were determined as follows: EtOH concentration, 61.76%; extraction time 20 min., solvent:solid ratio, 30 mL/g; extraction temperature 50°C. The estimation results of the model and the experimental results for TPC and TAA showed a great similarity.     

Using tailored fibre placement technology for stress adapted design of composite structures

Abstract

The tailored fibre placement technology, which has been developed at the Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, is well capable for manufacturing textile preforms for composite parts with fibre layouts of arbitrary direction using standard embroidery technology. Additionally, a new design tool, advanced optimisation for principal stress, has been recently developed to improve the mechanical properties of prospective lightweight composite structures. Two optimisation strategies for composites with non-unidirectional layout were implemented. Within the tailored fibre placement process chain the advanced optimisation for principal stress tool enables the use of these optimisation strategies, and the transfer of corresponding results to the manufacturing process and to computational analysis. As an example, an unequal wide loaded tensile plate has been optimised, manufactured, experimentally tested and, finally, numerically calculated to verify its strain behaviour. A good coincidence between numerical and experimental results was found.     

Supercritical fluid extraction in sunflower seed technology

Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) seed represents an important source for edible oil and its protein fraction is also recognised as valuable for human consumption when suitably purified from polyphenols, which negatively affect colour and nutritional value. On this basis, a main research has been developed, with the aim of testing the technical feasibility of a supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) process involving a preliminary supercritical CO₂ (SC‐CO₂) extraction of oil from sunflower de‐hulled seeds, followed by the removal of polyphenols from de‐fatted meal by means of ethanol coupled with SC‐CO₂. The paper reports the experimental protocol followed, together with the kinetics of the extractions, knowledge of which allows the optimisation of working parameters and the determination of process yields.     

超声波、微波辅助溶剂法提取nimbin的方法研究

首次进行了超声波、微波辅助溶剂法提取nimbin的研究,分别考察了超声波、微波的作用时间、功率以及料液比对nimbin提取率的影响,同时与常规溶剂法进行比较,发现此两种提取方式下nimbin的提取率均低于常规溶剂法,但是可以明显缩短提取时间,减少溶剂用量。     

Efficient integration of optimal solvent and process design using molecular clustering

We present a molecular clustering approach for the efficient incorporation of solvent design information into process synthesis in the integrated design of solvent/process systems. The approach is to be used in conjunction with an integrated solvent/process design approach where the solvent design stage utilises multi-objective optimisation in order to identify Pareto optimal solvent candidates that are subsequently evaluated in a process synthesis stage. We propose to introduce the solvent design information into the process synthesis stage through the use of molecular clusters. The partitioning of the original Pareto optimal set of solvents leads to smaller compact groups of similar solvent molecules from which representative molecules are introduced into the process synthesis model as discrete options to determine the optimal process performance associated with the optimal solvent. We investigate two clustering strategies, serial and parallel clustering, that allow to effectively exploit the solvent-process design interactions to minimise the computational demands of the process synthesis stage. We further propose a clustering heuristic probability that can aid decision making in clustering and can significantly accelerate the search for the best integrated solvent-process systems. The presented method is illustrated with case studies in the design of solvents for liquid-liquid extraction, gas-absorption and extractive distillation systems.     

Evaluation of the SREX Solvent Extraction Process for the Removal Of 90Sr and Hazardous Metals from Acidic Nuclear Waste Solutions Containing High Concentrations of Interfering Alkali Metal Ions

Abstract

The SREX process, which was developed at Argonne National Laboratories, has been evaluated for its effectiveness for the decontamination of radioactive liquid waste at the Idaho Chemical Processing Plant located at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory. The extraction solvent consists of 0.15 M 4′,4′,(5′)-di-(t-butyl-dicyclohexo)-18-crown-6 in either 1.2 M TBP/Isopar L®. Suppressed extraction due to matrix interferences limits D_Sr values to the range of 3-4 in batch extraction experiments. The SREX solvent has been shown to be effective in the removal of non-radioactive Pb from liquid wastes, in addition to the extraction of ⁹⁰Sr. The information from this study has been used to develop a proposed flowsheet for the treatment of liquid waste in centrifugal contactors.     

Recovery of Zinc by LIX 984N‐C from Electroplating Rinse Bath Solution

The development of a complete solvent extraction process at the laboratory scale for recovering zinc from the zinc electroplating first rinse bath solution (alkali solution) containing ～1.9 g/L zinc (ZEFRBS) by a solvent extraction route using LIX 984N‐C, which is a new SX reagent developed by Cognis, and dissolved in commercial kerosene was investigated. By using LIX 984N‐C, an electrolyte from ZEFRBS with ～12 g/L zinc content, which was addable to the alkali zinc electroplating bath, was generated by 10 vol.% LIX 984N‐C in commercial kerosene at the O/A ratio of 1/4 and equilibrium pH value of 8.00 ± 0.05 with a two‐stage countercurrent extraction, and stripping of the loaded organic by a strip solution with 150 g/L sulfuric acid and with the O/A ratio of 1.5 at a two‐stage countercurrent stripping process. A new complete flow sheet of 10 vol.% LIX 984N‐C process for the recovery of zinc from ZEFRBS has been demonstrated.     

红霉素协同萃取新工艺研究

从反应萃取的机理出发,进一步研究了红霉素的协同萃取新体系,以期克服采用醋酸丁酯萃取剂在萃取过程中耗量大、回收溶剂能耗高等缺点,同时也是对中性络合萃取体系的改进。本文研究筛选了适宜的协萃体系,此体系由脂肪醇和极性稀释溶剂组成;建立了协萃分配模型,确定了萃取工艺条件。实验表明,适宜的协萃体系对红霉素的萃取分配系数是醋酸丁酯体系的四倍以上。在此基础上采用实际发酵滤液进行了溶剂相和水相的成盐实验,与醋酸丁酯萃取的传统工艺比较,在同样实验条件下溶剂损耗可减少70％以上。     

医药化工中溶剂萃取技术进展

本文讨论了医药化工中８０年代以来特别是近１０年来溶剂萑取技术的研究进展，包括化学反应萃取、液膜技术、在线萃取中化反应过程，异构体的分离和预分散萃取等新工艺的发展趋向和应用前景。     

微萃取器在多粘菌素B萃取工艺中的应用

利用微型化技术开发一种连续萃取多粘菌素B的工艺.通过对多级串联微萃取器萃取工艺中分散模块微孔尺寸、流体在微萃取器通道中的流速、串联级数和每级溶剂加量比例等关键控制参数的优化,取得了较好的实验结果.该工艺在萃取率、生产效率和溶剂消耗等方面较传统搅拌法萃取具有明显优势,操作用时短,重复性、稳定性、耐用性良好,且操作简单,可...     

On the integration of CO2 capture with coal-fired power plants: A methodology to assess and optimise solvent-based post-combustion capture systems

Amine and other liquid solvent CO₂ capture systems capture have historically been developed in the oil and gas industry with a different emphasis to that expected for fossil fuel power generation with post-combustion capture. These types of units are now being adapted for combustion flue gas scrubbing for which they need to be designed to operate at lower CO₂ removal rates - around 85-90% and to be integrated with CO₂ compression systems. They also need to be operated as part of a complete power plant with the overall objective of turning fuel into low-carbon electricity.The performance optimisation approach for solvents being considered for post-combustion capture in power generation therefore needs to be updated to take into account integration with the power cycle and the compression train. The most appropriate metric for solvent assessment is the overall penalty on electricity output, rather than simply the thermal energy of regeneration of the solvent used.Methodologies to evaluate solvent performance that have been reported in the literature are first reviewed. The results of the model of a steam power cycle integrated with the compression system focusing on key parameters of the post-combustion capture plant - solvent energy of regeneration, solvent regeneration temperature and desorber pressure - are then presented. The model includes a rigorous thermodynamic integration of the heat available in the capture and compression units into the power cycle for a range of different solvents, and shows that the electricity output penalty of steam extraction has a strong dependence on solvent thermal stability and the temperature available for heat recovery. A method is provided for assessing the overall electricity output penalty (EOP), expressed as total kWh of lost output per tonne of CO₂ captured including ancillary power and compression, for likely combinations of these three key post-combustion process parameters. This correlation provides a more representative method for comparing post-combustion capture technology options than the use of single parameters such as solvent heat of regeneration.     

The effect of bi-directional recycle streams on extractor operations

Economic operation of extraction processes often requires that the solvents be returned to the process for reuse after the solute products have been removed from them. Complete separation of the solute from the solvent is seldom accomplished so that small quantities of solute are returned to the extractor with the solvent. An algorithm is developed and implemented which describes the effect of bi-directional solute recycle on the operation of an extractor. This algorithm enables the operator and designer to quantify the effect of recycle and to optimize the operations of extraction and solvent purification as a combined operation.     

Extraction of Lipids from Aqueous Protein‐Rich Streams using Near‐Critical Dimethylether

An extraction process for obtaining lipids from aqueous protein/lipid mixtures has been developed using near‐critical dimethylether (DME) as the solvent. The process has been demonstrated on fresh and reconstituted egg yolks, and on selected dairy by‐product streams. The lipid yield is dependent on the processing temperature, solids content and feed ratio of solvent to liquid. The extent of protein denaturation is also dependent on these parameters. The phase equilibria of DME‐water‐phospholipid mixtures are presented with modeling of the DME‐water system using the Peng‐Robinson equation of state.     

DYNAMIC PROGRAMMING APPROACH TO THE DESIGN OF A SOLVENT EXTRACTION PROCESS IN FAST BREEDER REACTOR FUEL REPROCESSING

Solvent extraction process in nuclear fuel reprocessing is considerably large and complicated system. For the design of individual contactors, several computer codes for calculating concentration profiles have been developed. Based on these computer codes. Complex method and the concept of Dynamic Programming are applied to the solvent extraction process design problem, which is thereby reduced to a problem of optimization. Numerical calculations are carried out, resulting in optimal process variables well within the range of practicability.