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Predispersed solvent extraction (PDSE) is a new method for separating solutes from aqueous solution by solvent extraction and one which has shown promise for extraction from extremely dilute solution very efficient and very quick. The use of colloidal liquid aphrons in predispersed solvent extraction may ameliorate the problems such as emulsion formation, reduction of interracial mass transfer and low interfacial mass transfer areas in solvent extraction process. In present paper, colloidal liquid aphrons are successfully generated using kerosene as a solvent,tributyl phosphate(TBP) as an extractant, sodium dodecyl benzene sulphate(SDBS) as surfactant in aqueous phase and Tween-80 in oil phase. Extraction of phenol from dilute solution was studied by using colloidal liquid aphrons and colloidal gas aphrons in a semi-batch extraction column. It has been found that the PDSE process is more suitable for extraction of dilute solutions. It has also been discovered that the PDSE process has a great advantage over traditional single-stage extraction process. 相似文献
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Abstract The valence states of neptunium and plutonium in simulated and genuine Chinese high‐level liquid waste (HLLW) have been studied by solvent extraction. A TRPO process has been developed in our laboratory in recent years in which 30% TRPO‐kerosene was used as extractant. This process demonstrates good extraction efficiency for neptunium as well as uranium, plutonium, and americium. A countercurrent solvent extraction experiment with genuine HLLW has been carried out with 16 stages of centrifugal extractors. The results of valence state experiments showed that the neptunium and plutonium were mainly in the tetravalent state respectively. It is not necessary to regulate the valence state of neptunium before HLLW treatment by the Chinese TRPO process. 相似文献
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A. C. Beckel P. A. Belter A. K. Smith 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1948,25(1):10-11
Summary A new vegetable oil extraction process has been developed, with alcohol as the oil solvent. The process requiresno distillation to recover the oil or the solvent characteristics of the alcohol. This has been demonstrated by reuse of the solvent more
than 85 times. The theoretical energy requirement of the process is about three-fourths that of the hexane process.
One of the laboratories of the Bureau of Agricultural and Industrial Chemistry, Agricultural Research Administration, U. S.
Department of Agriculture. 相似文献
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Conclusions A special extraction apparatus construction has been developed, which ensures a considerable acceleration of the extraction process, particularly in determining the sulfur content of the activated carbon used in freeing exhaust discharges from carbon disulfide in the man-made fibre industry.Efficiency in operation of this apparatus is attained as a result of raising the extraction temperature to a temperature close to the boiling point of the solvent used.The apparatus construction has been described, and an example has been given of its use to determine elemental sulfur in activated carbon by extraction with trichloroethylene, with subsequent spectrophotometric measurement.Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 4, pp. 33–34, July–August, 1988. 相似文献
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Multi response optimisation conditions were investigated in grape seeds’ phenolic compounds extraction by using ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) methodology. The effect of independent process variables such as EtOH concentration (0–100%), extraction time (0–40 min), solvent:solid ratio (4.5–38.5 mL/g) and extraction temperature (20–60°C) on total phenolic content (TPC) and total antioxidant activity (TAA) of the extracts were studied. The optimum conditions of UAE were determined as follows: EtOH concentration, 61.76%; extraction time 20 min., solvent:solid ratio, 30 mL/g; extraction temperature 50°C. The estimation results of the model and the experimental results for TPC and TAA showed a great similarity. 相似文献
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《塑料、橡胶和复合材料》2013,42(5):227-232
AbstractThe tailored fibre placement technology, which has been developed at the Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, is well capable for manufacturing textile preforms for composite parts with fibre layouts of arbitrary direction using standard embroidery technology. Additionally, a new design tool, advanced optimisation for principal stress, has been recently developed to improve the mechanical properties of prospective lightweight composite structures. Two optimisation strategies for composites with non-unidirectional layout were implemented. Within the tailored fibre placement process chain the advanced optimisation for principal stress tool enables the use of these optimisation strategies, and the transfer of corresponding results to the manufacturing process and to computational analysis. As an example, an unequal wide loaded tensile plate has been optimised, manufactured, experimentally tested and, finally, numerically calculated to verify its strain behaviour. A good coincidence between numerical and experimental results was found. 相似文献
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Gianpaolo Andrich Sabrina Balzini Angela Zinnai Valerio De Vitis Sandro Silvestri Francesca Venturi Roberto Fiorentini 《European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology》2001,103(3):151-157
Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) seed represents an important source for edible oil and its protein fraction is also recognised as valuable for human consumption when suitably purified from polyphenols, which negatively affect colour and nutritional value. On this basis, a main research has been developed, with the aim of testing the technical feasibility of a supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) process involving a preliminary supercritical CO2 (SC‐CO2) extraction of oil from sunflower de‐hulled seeds, followed by the removal of polyphenols from de‐fatted meal by means of ethanol coupled with SC‐CO2. The paper reports the experimental protocol followed, together with the kinetics of the extractions, knowledge of which allows the optimisation of working parameters and the determination of process yields. 相似文献
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Athanasios I. Papadopoulos 《Chemical engineering science》2006,61(19):6316-6336
We present a molecular clustering approach for the efficient incorporation of solvent design information into process synthesis in the integrated design of solvent/process systems. The approach is to be used in conjunction with an integrated solvent/process design approach where the solvent design stage utilises multi-objective optimisation in order to identify Pareto optimal solvent candidates that are subsequently evaluated in a process synthesis stage. We propose to introduce the solvent design information into the process synthesis stage through the use of molecular clusters. The partitioning of the original Pareto optimal set of solvents leads to smaller compact groups of similar solvent molecules from which representative molecules are introduced into the process synthesis model as discrete options to determine the optimal process performance associated with the optimal solvent. We investigate two clustering strategies, serial and parallel clustering, that allow to effectively exploit the solvent-process design interactions to minimise the computational demands of the process synthesis stage. We further propose a clustering heuristic probability that can aid decision making in clustering and can significantly accelerate the search for the best integrated solvent-process systems. The presented method is illustrated with case studies in the design of solvents for liquid-liquid extraction, gas-absorption and extractive distillation systems. 相似文献
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《分离科学与技术》2012,47(1-4):241-253
Abstract The SREX process, which was developed at Argonne National Laboratories, has been evaluated for its effectiveness for the decontamination of radioactive liquid waste at the Idaho Chemical Processing Plant located at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory. The extraction solvent consists of 0.15 M 4′,4′,(5′)-di-(t-butyl-dicyclohexo)-18-crown-6 in either 1.2 M TBP/Isopar L®. Suppressed extraction due to matrix interferences limits DSr values to the range of 3-4 in batch extraction experiments. The SREX solvent has been shown to be effective in the removal of non-radioactive Pb from liquid wastes, in addition to the extraction of 90Sr. The information from this study has been used to develop a proposed flowsheet for the treatment of liquid waste in centrifugal contactors. 相似文献
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The development of a complete solvent extraction process at the laboratory scale for recovering zinc from the zinc electroplating first rinse bath solution (alkali solution) containing ~1.9 g/L zinc (ZEFRBS) by a solvent extraction route using LIX 984N‐C, which is a new SX reagent developed by Cognis, and dissolved in commercial kerosene was investigated. By using LIX 984N‐C, an electrolyte from ZEFRBS with ~12 g/L zinc content, which was addable to the alkali zinc electroplating bath, was generated by 10 vol.% LIX 984N‐C in commercial kerosene at the O/A ratio of 1/4 and equilibrium pH value of 8.00 ± 0.05 with a two‐stage countercurrent extraction, and stripping of the loaded organic by a strip solution with 150 g/L sulfuric acid and with the O/A ratio of 1.5 at a two‐stage countercurrent stripping process. A new complete flow sheet of 10 vol.% LIX 984N‐C process for the recovery of zinc from ZEFRBS has been demonstrated. 相似文献
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医药化工中溶剂萃取技术进展 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
本文讨论了医药化工中80年代以来特别是近10年来溶剂萑取技术的研究进展,包括化学反应萃取、液膜技术、在线萃取中化反应过程,异构体的分离和预分散萃取等新工艺的发展趋向和应用前景。 相似文献
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Amine and other liquid solvent CO2 capture systems capture have historically been developed in the oil and gas industry with a different emphasis to that expected for fossil fuel power generation with post-combustion capture. These types of units are now being adapted for combustion flue gas scrubbing for which they need to be designed to operate at lower CO2 removal rates - around 85-90% and to be integrated with CO2 compression systems. They also need to be operated as part of a complete power plant with the overall objective of turning fuel into low-carbon electricity.The performance optimisation approach for solvents being considered for post-combustion capture in power generation therefore needs to be updated to take into account integration with the power cycle and the compression train. The most appropriate metric for solvent assessment is the overall penalty on electricity output, rather than simply the thermal energy of regeneration of the solvent used.Methodologies to evaluate solvent performance that have been reported in the literature are first reviewed. The results of the model of a steam power cycle integrated with the compression system focusing on key parameters of the post-combustion capture plant - solvent energy of regeneration, solvent regeneration temperature and desorber pressure - are then presented. The model includes a rigorous thermodynamic integration of the heat available in the capture and compression units into the power cycle for a range of different solvents, and shows that the electricity output penalty of steam extraction has a strong dependence on solvent thermal stability and the temperature available for heat recovery. A method is provided for assessing the overall electricity output penalty (EOP), expressed as total kWh of lost output per tonne of CO2 captured including ancillary power and compression, for likely combinations of these three key post-combustion process parameters. This correlation provides a more representative method for comparing post-combustion capture technology options than the use of single parameters such as solvent heat of regeneration. 相似文献
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Economic operation of extraction processes often requires that the solvents be returned to the process for reuse after the solute products have been removed from them. Complete separation of the solute from the solvent is seldom accomplished so that small quantities of solute are returned to the extractor with the solvent. An algorithm is developed and implemented which describes the effect of bi-directional solute recycle on the operation of an extractor. This algorithm enables the operator and designer to quantify the effect of recycle and to optimize the operations of extraction and solvent purification as a combined operation. 相似文献
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O. J. Catchpole S. J. Tallon J. B. Grey K. Fenton K. Fletcher A. J. Fletcher 《化学工程与技术》2007,30(4):501-510
An extraction process for obtaining lipids from aqueous protein/lipid mixtures has been developed using near‐critical dimethylether (DME) as the solvent. The process has been demonstrated on fresh and reconstituted egg yolks, and on selected dairy by‐product streams. The lipid yield is dependent on the processing temperature, solids content and feed ratio of solvent to liquid. The extent of protein denaturation is also dependent on these parameters. The phase equilibria of DME‐water‐phospholipid mixtures are presented with modeling of the DME‐water system using the Peng‐Robinson equation of state. 相似文献
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Naotake Katoh 《Chemical Engineering Communications》1982,17(1):31-41
Solvent extraction process in nuclear fuel reprocessing is considerably large and complicated system. For the design of individual contactors, several computer codes for calculating concentration profiles have been developed. Based on these computer codes. Complex method and the concept of Dynamic Programming are applied to the solvent extraction process design problem, which is thereby reduced to a problem of optimization. Numerical calculations are carried out, resulting in optimal process variables well within the range of practicability. 相似文献