EFFECT OF METHYL TERTIARY BUTYL ETHER (MTBE) AS A GASOLINE ADDITIVE ON ENGINE PERFORMANCE AND EXHAUST EMISSIONS

The effect of blending unleaded gasoline with different proportions of methyl-t-butyl ether MTBE (10, 15 and 20 vol % ) on engine performance was studied using a fixed compression ratio SI engine (Opel 4 -cylinder ). The exhaust gases were analyzed for carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and the hydrocarbons emitted. The results have shown that MTBE blends gave slightly better engine performance than the unleaded gasoline as evidenced by the power output. Analysis of exhaust gases shows better carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon emissions for all MTBE blends tested than unleaded gasoline. A higher carbon dioxide exhaust emission of the blends than the unleaded gasoline also confirms their better combustion. The 20 vol % MTBE blend gave the lowest carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon emissions of all blends used. A comparison was also made between a     

燃用乙醇汽油对发动机润滑油性能的影响

选用12辆试验样车(一种化油器型发动机和两种电喷型发动机)用含乙醇体积分数分别为7.7％、10％、15％的乙醇汽油和93号标准汽油进行了低、中、高速和山区道路的共8×10~4km对比行车试验。经试验前后对样车发动机进行拆检和发动机润滑油分析结果表明,燃用乙醇汽油样车的发动机润滑油氧化性能、表面沉积物形成、试验样车发动机主要零部件的磨损与燃用93号标准汽油样车的相当。     

燃油烃类组分对车用汽油机排放特性的影响

综述了燃油中烷烃、烯烃、芳烃等组分对车用汽油机排放特性的影响。未燃烷烃是烷烃燃料HC排放的主要成分,烯烃燃料的HC排放主要包括丙烯、异丁烯、戊烯等,1,3-丁二烯的排放随燃油烯烃含量的增加而增加;苯、甲苯、乙苯等的排放随芳烃含量的增加而增加;发动机燃烧工况如空燃比、点火角发等对各种HC排放的具体组成有显著影响。因此,不仅需要加强降低燃油烯烃、芳烃含量的研究．也应该借助发动机燃烧过程的优化来降低因烯烃、芳烃含量高对排放造成的不利影响。     

THE EFFECT OF GASOLINE FUEL TYPE ON SI ENGINE NITROGEN-OXIDES AND CARBON MONOXIDE EMISSIONS UNDER PART-LOAD OPERATING CONDITIONS

Six different gasoline blends with different antiknock agents and aromatics content were investigated for its influence on SI engine nitrogen-oxides and carbon monoxide emissions at part- load operating conditions. The six fuel types used were leaded gasoline with 0·5 g Pb/1, commercial unleaded gasoline, unleaded synthetic gasoline and its blends with different proportions of methyl tertiary butyl ether MTBE l10, 15 and 20 vol%). A four- stroke, four- cylinder, spark- ignition Regata engine (type 138 B 3.000) was used for conducting this study. The exhaust gases were analyzed for nitrogen-oxides and carbon monoxide emitted at part-load operating conditions for the speed range of 1000 to 3000 rpm. The results of this investigation have shown that blending unleaded synthetic gasoline with ethers such as MTBE reduces the aromatic content of the fuel. The 20 vol% MTBE-fuel blend gave the lowest carbon monoxide emissions of all blends used at part load condition. On the other hand, the 10 vol% MTBE-fuel blend gave the lowest nitrogen-oxides emission of all blends at part-load condition. The carbon monoxide concentration in engine exhaust differs between increase and decrease at part-load condition when fuel aromatics content increases. It was also found that as the gasoline aromatics content increases in the blend, the nitrogen-oxides concentration in engine exhaust increases. So, substitution of MTBE for the higher aromatics gasoline blends may help improving state environment and air quality.     

THE EFFECT OF GASOLINE FUEL TYPE ON SI ENGINE NITROGEN-OXIDES AND CARBON MONOXIDE EMISSIONS UNDER PART-LOAD OPERATING CONDITIONS

ABSTRACT

Six different gasoline blends with different antiknock agents and aromatics content were investigated for its influence on SI engine nitrogen-oxides and carbon monoxide emissions at part- load operating conditions. The six fuel types used were leaded gasoline with 0·5 g Pb/1, commercial unleaded gasoline, unleaded synthetic gasoline and its blends with different proportions of methyl tertiary butyl ether MTBE l10, 15 and 20 vol%). A four- stroke, four- cylinder, spark- ignition Regata engine (type 138 B 3.000) was used for conducting this study. The exhaust gases were analyzed for nitrogen-oxides and carbon monoxide emitted at part-load operating conditions for the speed range of 1000 to 3000 rpm. The results of this investigation have shown that blending unleaded synthetic gasoline with ethers such as MTBE reduces the aromatic content of the fuel. The 20 vol% MTBE-fuel blend gave the lowest carbon monoxide emissions of all blends used at part load condition. On the other hand, the 10 vol% MTBE-fuel blend gave the lowest nitrogen-oxides emission of all blends at part-load condition. The carbon monoxide concentration in engine exhaust differs between increase and decrease at part-load condition when fuel aromatics content increases. It was also found that as the gasoline aromatics content increases in the blend, the nitrogen-oxides concentration in engine exhaust increases. So, substitution of MTBE for the higher aromatics gasoline blends may help improving state environment and air quality.     

EFFECT OF MTBE BLENDING ON THE PROPERTIES OF GASOLINE

The effect of blending MTBE in the gasoline was evaluated. MTBE effectively boost the octane numbers of gasoline without adversely effecting its other properties. However, MTBE is not as efficient as leadalkyl compounds as far as the specific octane number improvements are concerned. The addition of 5 to 30 volume percent MTBE increases 1.9 to 11.8 RON of a typical gasoline. MTBE addition also extends the volume of gasoline produces for a given crude by adding volume to the gasoline pool. MTBE provides much higher FEON to the gasoline in comparison with other gasoline components. A higher FEON increases the efficiency of the engine. MTBE is not affected by the lead level of the gasoline. For this reason, lost octane in future lead reductions of the gasoline in Saudi Arabia can be made up with MTBE. MTBE addition to the Saudi gasoline increases the RVP but within the specification of the gasoline. MTBE has favorable effect on the distillation characteristics of the gasoline. MTBE addition lowers the distillation temperature which improves driveability and cold engine operation. MTBEgasoline blends were found free of gums and peroxides after long term storage and pose no phase separation problems in the presence of water. MTBE is miscible in gasoline in all proportions and its solubility in water is low.     

EFFECT OF MTBE BLENDING ON THE PROPERTIES OF GASOLINE

ABSTRACT

The effect of blending MTBE in the gasoline was evaluated. MTBE effectively boost the octane numbers of gasoline without adversely effecting its other properties. However, MTBE is not as efficient as leadalkyl compounds as far as the specific octane number improvements are concerned. The addition of 5 to 30 volume percent MTBE increases 1.9 to 11.8 RON of a typical gasoline. MTBE addition also extends the volume of gasoline produces for a given crude by adding volume to the gasoline pool. MTBE provides much higher FEON to the gasoline in comparison with other gasoline components. A higher FEON increases the efficiency of the engine. MTBE is not affected by the lead level of the gasoline. For this reason, lost octane in future lead reductions of the gasoline in Saudi Arabia can be made up with MTBE. MTBE addition to the Saudi gasoline increases the RVP but within the specification of the gasoline. MTBE has favorable effect on the distillation characteristics of the gasoline. MTBE addition lowers the distillation temperature which improves driveability and cold engine operation. MTBEgasoline blends were found free of gums and peroxides after long term storage and pose no phase separation problems in the presence of water. MTBE is miscible in gasoline in all proportions and its solubility in water is low.     

生物基汽油添加剂组分对汽油机油耗的影响

通过汽油机台架试验,对一种加入汽油中的改性生物基添加剂组成及其添加比例对发动机燃油经济性的作用及效果进行了研究。结果表明,尽管增溶剂能提高添加剂原液与汽油在低温下的互溶性,但是仅加入增溶剂对发动机的燃油经济性几乎没有任何改善;添加剂原液对发动机燃油经济性的改善幅度最大,最高可达8％左右,而且存在一个最佳添加比例,以使发动机获得最好的综合性能。     

含锰车甩汽油见光后诱导期及辛烷值的变化

对加有甲基环戊二烯三羰基锰抗爆剂的车用汽油见光后诱导期、辛烷值的变化进行了试验考察。试验结果表明:含锰车用汽油见光后锰抗爆剂抗爆作用丧失、诱导期急剧下降,汽油变浑浊并有沉淀生成;避光保存时,其性质在半年内不会有大的变化。对金属锰基有机化合物的抗爆作用机理及见光失效原因进行了初步分析,提出了含锰车用汽油在取样、储存及检验过程中应避光操作。对于汽油见光所引起的质量变化,应当引起有关生产、销售、监督及检验等部门的高度重视,并应加强对含锰汽油在储存、使用中发生的变化进行考察和研究。     

含锰车用汽油见光后诱导期及辛烷值的变化

对加有甲基环戊二烯三羰基锰抗爆剂的车用汽油见光后诱导期、辛烷值的变化进行了试验考察。试验结果表明：含锰车用汽油见光后锰抗爆剂抗爆作用丧失、诱导期急剧下降，汽油变浑浊并有沉淀生成；避光保存时，其性质在半年内不会有大的变化。对金属锰基有机化合物的抗爆作用机理及见光失效原因进行了初步分析，提出了含锰车用汽油在取样、储存及检验过程中应避光操作。对于汽油见光所引起的质量变化，应当引起有关生产、销售、监督及检验等部门的高度重视，并应加强对含锰汽油在储存、使用中发生的变化进行考察和研究。     

节能型汽油机油及有机钼减摩剂减摩性能评价

不断提高节能技术是推动汽车工业发展的三大动力之一。而提高内燃机燃油经济性的途径主要是通过适当降低内燃机油粘度和减少机件之间的摩擦损耗来实现。文章借助从德国OPTIMOL公司引进的SRV@4型摩擦磨损试验机,采用满足ASTMD6425方法的球-盘摩擦副,利用SRV@4型摩擦磨损试验机试验参数可实现动态控制的优势,选择合适的模拟试验条件,模拟内燃机“边界-混合”润滑状态,测定确定条件下油品的摩擦系数,该方法对程序ⅥB台架试验的通过油和失败油有较好的区分,且对油溶性有机钼减摩剂减摩效果的评价具有良好的区分性。     

叔丁醇与甲醇合成甲基叔丁基醚的研究

介绍以叔丁醇和甲醇为原料,采用国产催化剂A催化醚化反应制MTBE,并用Aspen Plus软件模拟后续精馏分离装置的技术和工艺。采用小试装置考察了工艺条件对反应的影响。结果表明:在空速1.0 h~(-1)、压力2.3 MPa、温度140℃、甲醇与叔丁醇摩尔比3∶1条件下,叔丁醇转化率可达79%以上,MTBE选择性可达73%以上。Aspen Plus软件模拟结果表明,采用醇类化合物替代水作为萃取剂,能够解决叔丁醇、水的共沸问题,并将系统中的水基本脱除,能够促使主反应向右进行,有效提高叔丁醇的转化率。     

汽油机油的发展及SH油的研究

简要介绍国内外汽油机油的发展,以加氢油为基础油,加入适量复合添另剂,研制出SH10W／40汽油机油。调制的油品质量达到API SH汽油机标准。     

碳酸二甲酯的催化偶联合成及作汽油添加剂的研究

研究了在不同负载型钯催化剂上,一氧化碳与亚硝酸甲酯气相偶联合成碳酸二甲酯(DMC)的反应性能。用常规浸渍方法制备了一系列不同载体及不同活性组分的催化剂,在实验室固定床反应器上,考察了催化剂组成及反应条件对碳酸二甲酯选择性及空时收率的影响。试验得出最佳反应条件为:温度110℃,一氧化碳与亚硝酸甲酯摩尔比1.0,停留时间1.4s;最佳催化剂载体为活性炭,最佳催化剂活性组分为Pd-Cu双金属组分。在最优条件下碳酸二甲酯空时收率可达1002g/(L·h)。DMC作为汽油添加剂的试验结果表明,加入体积分数为6％的DMC,即可使汽油的燃烧性能和抗爆性能得到明显改善。     

化学结构对二烷基二硫代磷酸镉极压抗磨添加剂性能的影响

利用四球试验机考察了烷基结构对硫磷酸镉添加剂的极压抗磨性能的影响。结果表明：在一般或较低的负荷下,烷基碳数在3—8之间时,硫磷酸镉化合物有较好的极压抗磨作用,在较高负荷下,随着烷基碳原子数的增加,其抗磨性能、承裁能力逐渐减弱,而且,所含烷基碳原子连接方式不同,对其抗磨性能也有较大影响。     

内燃机油锈蚀保护性能试验方法(BRT法)研究

介绍了评价汽油机油锈蚀保护性能的标准试验方法——珠锈蚀试验法（BRT法）并借助于该试验机进行了方法的应用研究。结果表明：试验方法对不同抗锈蚀性能的油有好的重复性和区分性,是一种简单可靠的试验方法。     

影响MTBE产品纯度的因素及对策

介绍影响MTBE产品纯度的各种因素,提出提高MTBE产品纯度的措施和建议。     

减摩修复添加剂的研制及发动机台架考核

A new kind of anti-friction and repairing lube additive containing nanon-copper particles and rare earth compounds was prepared. The performance of the said additive was investigated and compared with those similar additives home and aboard by engine bench tests. The disintegration of oil was analyzed at stated periods by ICP and mass spectroscopic analysis, and the influence of the additive addition on the dynamic performance of engine was examined. The result showed that the said additive had good anti-wear effect on some tribo-pairs using different materials, especially the connection rod and copper tile could reach “zero wear” and realized in-situ dynamic repairing. The said additive could also improve the dynamic performance of the engine and prolonged the service life.     

月桂醇聚氧乙烯醚硝酸酯助燃降污性能的研究

通过柴油发动机台架试验证明 ,月桂醇聚氧乙烯醚硝酸酯用作柴油添加剂 ,既可提高柴油的燃烧性能 ,又可降低排放尾气中的一氧化碳 (CO)、未燃碳氢化合物 (HC)、氮氧化物 (NOx)含量及烟度等多种功能 ,是一种良好的多功能柴油助燃消烟添加剂。     

钻井液用聚合物PAMS的评价与应用

介绍了丙烯酰胺／２－丙烯酰胺基－２甲基丙磺酸三无共聚物ＰＡＭＳ的室内评价和现场试验情况。结果表明,共聚物ＰＡＭＳ热稳定性好,降滤失能力,抑制性和抗温抗盐能力强,防塌效果好,井壁稳定,钻井液材料费用低。