乳状液膜和溶剂萃取提取钪的对比研究

本文报导了使用不同载体萃取钪时,液膜内外相的酸度变化。如果金属离子的萃取和反萃反应取决于酸度,只有把内相设置为高浓度的酸或碱才能抵抗迁移及反包引起的酸度变化的影响。我们得到PMBP为载体的乳状液膜从混合液中提取钪。     

超固相线液相烧结

简略地介绍了超固相残液相烧结的特点、发展和影响因素。     

红土镍矿提取加工技术述评

介绍了红土镍矿资源与产品等特点,论述了国内外处理红土镍矿的镍铁、镍硫火法一还原冶炼工艺,氨浸、酸浸湿法一提取冶炼工艺,微生物、微波等预处理一联合工艺及最新进展,探讨了微生物浸出工艺的产业化前景,指出预处理一湿法联合工艺和微生物浸出工艺将成为处理红土镍矿重点与具有前景的工艺技术。     

钨铜复合材料的化学活化液相烧结

钨在铜中的不溶解性妨碍钨和铜混合粉末的液相烧结。在本文所述的研究中，通过往原始的粉末混合物中添加质量分数小于１％的钴而显著地改善了材料的各种性能。本文还探讨了诸如钴含量、初始均勺性、铜粉粒度、铜含量、未烧结密度、加热速率和烧结温度等工艺因素的作用．     

液膜分离富集、测定铟

用乳状液膜体系对铟进行分离富集，并研究了乳状液膜的稳定性、温度、铟的浓度、外相pH值、乳水比（Rew)、油内比（Roi)等因素对富集铟的影响。实验表明，在适宜的条件下，铟的富集率可达99．5％－100．4％。在此情况下，常见共存离子都不迁移透过此乳状液膜。此法已用于富集测定烟尘、复杂多金属矿石中的铟，结果满意。     

液膜法提取铊

用仲辛醇[CH3(CH2)6CH2OH],L113B,液体石蜡，磺化煤油和（NH4）2SO3水溶液等液膜体质，提取（富集）Tl^3 ，外相（料液）以2mol/L HCl作介质，实验结果表明，在选择条件下，铊的提取（富集）率在94％以上，用此液膜体系提取（富集）烟尘和含有铊的矿物中的铊，被提取（富集）的含铊水溶液，经加热等处理后，金属铊的纯度在99．5％以上。     

N503为载体的乳状液膜提取钯（Ⅱ）的研究

研究了以N，N－二（1－甲庚基）乙酰胺（N503）为流动载体、兰113A为表面活性剂、煤油为膜溶剂，EDTA做内相试剂的乳状液膜体系迁移钯的机理，其迁移钯的反应经紫外可见光谱证实为阴离子交换反应，在所筛选出的适宜制乳及迁移提取等最佳条件下，98％以上的钯迁入内相。     

乳状液膜法从赤泥浸出液中提取钪

研究了Cyanex272为载体的乳状液膜从赤泥浸出液中提取钪的工艺,考察了内相酸度、外相酸度、油内比、乳水比等因素对钪提取率的影响,结果表明:在确定的工艺条件下,一次间歇式提取后,钪提取率达90%。     

Liquid–liquid extraction of yttrium using primene-JMT from acidic sulfate solutions

The liquid–liquid extraction of yttrium(III) from sulfate medium using primene-JMT is investigated with regard to extractant concentration, diluent type, equilibrium pH and time, temperature, and extraction isotherm. Aliphatic kerosene diluents were preferred compared to aromatic diluents because of higher extraction, shorter equilibrium time and good phase separation. Increasing temperature had a negative effect on yttrium(III) extraction. Quantitative yttrium(III) extraction efficiency was achieved at room temperature within 5 min using three stages of extraction with 0.4 M primene-JMT from a synthetic yttrium solution at pH 1.5 (0.2 M H₂SO₄) at a phase ratio of 1:1. A mechanism for extraction is suggested. The proposed separation of yttrium(III) from rare earth concentrate obtained from alkaline leaching of Egyptian monazite is outlined.     

仲辛基苯氧乙酸萃取Co(Ⅱ)的性能

采用溶剂萃取法 ,研究了一种新型萃取剂———仲辛基苯氧乙酸 (CA -12 )从盐酸介质中萃取Co(Ⅱ )的性能。考察了萃取温度、平衡水相酸度、萃取剂初始浓度、氯离子初始浓度、钴离子初始浓度对萃取的影响。实验结果表明 :分配比随平衡水相酸度的增加、萃取剂初始浓度的减小、温度的降低而减小 ;水相中氯离子、钴离子初始浓度对分配比基本上没有影响 ;仲辛基苯氧乙酸从盐酸介质中萃取Co(Ⅱ )的过程为吸热过程 ,并计算得到其过程热△H =9 0 2kJ/moL。     

Matrix Solid-phase Dispersion Extraction of Alkaloids from the Roots of Aconitum kusnezoffii Reichb

Matrix solid-phase dispersion(MSPD) was developed for the extraction of four alkaloids, including aconi-tine, mesaconitine, hypaconitine and deoxyaconitine, from the roots of Aconitum kusnezoffii Reichb. The determina-tion of the analyte was carried out by high performance liquid chromatography with UV detection. The alkaline alu-mina was used as sorbent. The mixture of acetonitrile and water was used as elution solvent. Several extraction pa-rameters, such as type of sorbent, the ratio of sample to solid support material, type of the elution solvent and the vo-lume of the elution solvent were tested. Mean recoveries ranged from 93.16% to 102.73%, with relative standard deviations from 0.27% to 4.17%. With the extraction efficiency and time expenditure taken into account, MSPD ex-traction should be a comparatively good method.     

生物提金氧化液中铁的选择性沉淀

以生物提金氧化液为研究对象,采用磷酸氢二铵（（NH4）2HPO4）作为沉淀剂,研究了pH值、温度、加料方式、（NH4）2HPO4浓度和沉淀反应时间对生物提金氧化液中铁的选择性沉淀的影响。采用同时流加生物提金氧化液和0.2 g/mL（NH4）2HPO4溶液的方式,控制（NH4）2HPO4流速将沉淀体系的pH值调节为2.0,在60 ℃条件下搅拌反应2.5 h,铁沉淀率达到95.2%,砷存留率为93.6%,XRD图谱证实了铁沉淀主要是磷酸铁（FePO4）和三聚磷酸二氢铁（FeH2P3O10）,实现了生物提金氧化液中铁的选择性沉淀,为从生物提金氧化液中综合回收铁、砷等有价成分提供了理论指导。     

仲辛基苯氧乙酸萃取铜(Ⅱ)、钴(Ⅱ)、镍(Ⅱ)的机理

采用溶剂萃取法 ,研究了一种新型萃取剂———仲辛基苯氧乙酸 (CA -12 )氨化后从盐酸介质中萃取Cu(Ⅱ )、Co(Ⅱ )、Ni(Ⅱ )的机理。确定了萃取反应的机理、萃合物的组成及萃取反应的平衡常数。并经红外光谱确证了氨皂化的CA -12从盐酸介质中萃取Cu(Ⅱ )、Co(Ⅱ )、Ni(Ⅱ )的机理     

Extraction of rare earth ions from phosphate leach solution using emulsion liquid membrane in concentrated nitric acid medium

It is very significant to recover rare earths (REs) from wet-process phosphoric acid, in terms of extraction rate and selectivity, the current carrier di(2-ethlhexly) phosphate (D2EHPA) out there is still inferior. Based on this question, our team modified D2EHPA to synthesize new extractants. This paper presents a comprehensive study on the extraction of rare earth ions (RE³⁺) from phosphate leach solution using emulsion liquid membrane (ELM) in concentrated nitric acid medium. The ELM system is made up of (RO)₂P(O)OPh-COOH as carrier, polyisocrotyl succinimide (T154) as surfactant, sulfonated kerosene as diluent, phosphoric acid (H₃PO₄) as stripping solution. Different chemical parameters such as type and concentration of carrier, surfactant, stripping solution, volume ratio of oil phase to internal phase, and volume ratio of emulsion ratio to external phase were analyzed. The extraction of RE³⁺ was evaluated by the yield of extraction. In addition, the demulsification process was also investigated. The proposed method of ELM using (RO)₂P(O)OPh-COOH as carrier can be expected to provide an efficient, simplify operation, and facilitated method for extracting RE³⁺.     

离子液体作为绿色介质应用于盐湖卤水中锂提取的研究

离子液体是一种绿色溶剂,它作为萃取介质可避免传统湿法冶金因有机溶剂挥发产生的环境污染.制备6种1-烷基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐离子液体,然后以离子液体(IL)、磷酸三丁酯(TBP)和三氯化铁(FeCl<,3>)分别为萃取介质、萃取剂和协萃剂建立盐湖卤水锂萃取研究模型,以此考察离子液体和萃取条件对锂萃取影响.锂的萃取率随离子液体中烷基碳原子数的增加而增加.但碳原子数超过8的离子液体在室温下呈固态,在萃取过程中出现第三相.因此,1-辛基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐被确定为萃取介质.该体系的最佳萃取条件是:TBP/IL:9/1(v/v),水相酸度:0.03 moI·L<'-1>HCl,相比(O/A):1:1和Fe/Li:2:1.在此条件下,锂的单次萃取率和反萃率分别是87%和90%.有机相重复利用十次锂的萃取率变为77%,但水洗有机相去除反萃时带入的HCl锂的萃取率又上升至88%.机制研究表明,Li<'+>与TBP和FeCl<,3>形成极性较小的LiFeCl<,4>·2TBP络合物而被萃取进入有机相,在有机相中加入盐酸因H<'+>极化能力强于Li<'+>而将Li<'+>置换使Li<'+>重新进入水相.LiFeCl<,4>·2TBP在弱极性的离子液体中溶解度优于非极性的溶剂煤油,因此离子液体萃取体系具有更高的锂萃取效率和容量.此外,还进行了盐湖卤水萃取锂的串级实验,结果表明经过三级萃取和二级反萃锂的总提取率大于97%,有机相中镁/锂降低至2.2左右.     

创新铁路运输方式实现750m^3高炉富余铁水分流

针对750m^3高炉铁水生产富余状况，制订了富余铁水向铸铁机铸铁的调送方案，通过创新思维、系统挖潜、优化资源配置等措施的实施，保证了750m^3高炉的正常生产，取得了良好效果。     

PMBP缩2-ABT/TBP/离子液体双水相对稀土离子的协同萃取

研究了1-苯基-3-甲基-4-苯甲酰基-吡唑酮-5缩2-氨基苯并噻唑(PMBP缩2-ABT,简称HA)与中性磷类萃取剂磷酸三丁酯(TBP)在离子液体双水相体系中对稀土离子的萃取行为.考察了萃取剂浓度、协萃剂浓度、水相pH值、盐的加入量及温度对萃取分配比的影响.结果表明,PMBP缩2-ABT与TBP具有显著协萃作用.当pH=4.3,萃取剂与协萃剂浓度比为4:l时,二者协萃效率最高.用斜率法确定了协萃合物的组成为[LaA·HA·TBP]2+.     

Extraction of zinc and copper–zinc mixtures from ammoniacal solutions into emulsion liquid membranes using LIX 84I

Emulsion liquid membranes with LIX 84I as extractant were used to extract zinc and copper–zinc mixtures from ammoniacal media. The effects of various emulsion parameters and process parameters on zinc extraction were investigated. The optimal pH was 8.1. The stripping rates were found to be slower than the loading rates in ELMs. The extraction and stripping data using LIX 84I were obtained for Zn and Cu–Zn mixtures to discern the influence of individual steps on ELM extraction. A synergistic effect was observed for loading and stripping zinc in the presence of copper. Zinc stripped faster than copper when the zinc concentration was higher or comparable with copper. Separation factors for Cu/Zn were found to be in the range of 1.1–1.4. When Cu–Zn mixtures were extracted in ELMs, it was observed that the whole extraction process was governed by the loading of copper and zinc in the membrane phase and other considerations such as stripping, diffusion etc. were completely masked by the rapid loading rates of copper in the ELMs. The separation factor β_Cu/Zn was found to be a maximum of 3.5 indicating the possibility of selective separation of copper from Cu–Zn mixtures using ELMs.     

Isolation and Purification of Unstable Iridoid Glucosides from Traditional Chinese Medicine by Preparative High Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Solid-phase Extraction

An efficient preparative method was successfully developed for isolation and purification of unstable components from medicinal plant extracts, using a combined method of preparative high performance liquid chro- matography(HPLC) and solid-phase extraction(SPE). The aim of this study was to obtain an effective method with high preparative efficiency and importantly to avoid the transformation of unstable compounds. The preparative HPLC system was based on an LC/MS controlled four-channel autopurification system. The SPE method was per- formed with a C<,18> packing material to trap the target compounds and to remove the acidic additive derived from the mobile phase. Using this method, the unstable iridoid glucosides(IGs) as model compounds were successfully iso- lated and purified from the extract of Hedyotis diffusa Willd. Six IGs(including one new minor IG) and one nucleo- tide compound were simultaneously obtained, each with a purity of >91% as determined by HPLC. The structures of the isolated compounds were identified by UPLC/Q-TOF MS, UV, ID and/or 2D NMR. It was demonstrated that the combination of preparative HPLC with SPE is a versatile tool for preparative purification of unstable compounds from complex natural products.