STUDIES ON SLUDGE FROM WAXY CRUDE OIL STORAGE TANK. II. SOLVENT FRACTIONATION

The sludge formed from crude oil (Bombay High crude oil) dump storage has been analysed by solvent extraction with a series of solvents of increasing polarity. The extract fractions so obtained have been analysed extensively. The nature of the sludge is compared with the similar sludges reported by other workers.     

STUDIES ON SLUDGE FROM STORAGE TANK OF WAXY CRUDE OIL PART - I : STRUCTURE AND COMPOSITION OF DISTILLATE FRACTIONS

Tank bottom sludge from storage tanks of Bombay High crude oil deposited during ten years have been studied. The yield of the sludge is approximately 0.1% wt. of the crude oil through-put. The residue boiling above 500°C amounts to over 50%. The distillate fractions collected at 50°C intervals have been analysed extensively and compared to fractions from whole crude of same boiling range. The sludge distillate are distinctly more paraffinic in nature.     

STUDIES ON SLUDGE FROM STORAGE TANK OF WAXY CRUDE OIL PART - I : STRUCTURE AND COMPOSITION OF DISTILLATE FRACTIONS

ABSTRACT

Tank bottom sludge from storage tanks of Bombay High crude oil deposited during ten years have been studied. The yield of the sludge is approximately 0.1% wt. of the crude oil through-put. The residue boiling above 500°C amounts to over 50%. The distillate fractions collected at 50°C intervals have been analysed extensively and compared to fractions from whole crude of same boiling range. The sludge distillate are distinctly more paraffinic in nature.     

CHARACTERIZATION OF SLUDGE WAXES FROM CRUDE OIL STORAGE TANKS HANDLING OFFSHORE CRUDE

The 300°C+ and 500°C+ vacuum residues of the sludge obtained from offshore crude oil storage tanks located at our onshore facilities have been subjected to dewaxing using MBK solvent. The yield of the refined waxes were 45.38% and 43.13% (sludge basis) and melting points 92-93°C and 95-96°C respectively The waxes were mainly n-parafTins. Their simulated boiling point distribution analysis reveals a distinct himodal distribution of n-paraffins, the even carbon number homologucs between C₅₀, to C₆₀ being present at preferentially higher ratio(l.4:1) than the odd ones. The present finding are expected to improve the understanding of waxes present in offshore crude. It is also expected to help in devising process to refine waxes of lank bottom sludge.     

泡沫消防在原油储罐中的应用

介绍了燕山石化牛口峪原油储运站浮顶制度的泡沫消防技术,对国内旧有的泡沫安装系统及国外的较新的可挠性钢管系统和软接头钢管系统进行了分析比较,推荐大型油罐采用该新技术。     

STUDIES ON LARGE CRUDE OIL ALKANES. II. ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF AROMATIC WAXES AND WAXY ASPHALTENES.

Isolation of very large alkane components as described in the first paper within this series, fail in some cases. This work describes two non-routine isolation procedures applied to two different non-typical petroleum fractions. The first one comprises a chromatographic approach applied for the separation of alkanes from alkylaromatic compounds derived from paving asphalt waxes. The second separation procedure was developed for the isolation of alkane fractions associated with asphaltenes that precipitated during long crude oil storage periods, resulting in highly insoluble organic composites

In the first case, the isolated fractions were characterized by spectroscopic and chromatographic methods. The evidence showed that long chain naphtheno-aromatic molecules behave like waxy asphalt components, which interact by unusual mechanisms with solid sorbents. Their chromatographic behavior was found to be between typical alkanes and typical aromatics. This behavior is caused by the simultaneous presence of three functionalities

The second sample type was characterized by spectroscopic methods only. The results permitted to assess that the waxy composite from crude oil tank sediments precipitated selectively, including highly aromatic and long alkyl chain asphaltenes as well as very large n-alkanes.     

STUDIES ON LARGE CRUDE OIL ALKANES. II. ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF AROMATIC WAXES AND WAXY ASPHALTENES.

ABSTRACT

Isolation of very large alkane components as described in the first paper within this series, fail in some cases. This work describes two non-routine isolation procedures applied to two different non-typical petroleum fractions. The first one comprises a chromatographic approach applied for the separation of alkanes from alkylaromatic compounds derived from paving asphalt waxes. The second separation procedure was developed for the isolation of alkane fractions associated with asphaltenes that precipitated during long crude oil storage periods, resulting in highly insoluble organic composites

In the first case, the isolated fractions were characterized by spectroscopic and chromatographic methods. The evidence showed that long chain naphtheno-aromatic molecules behave like waxy asphalt components, which interact by unusual mechanisms with solid sorbents. Their chromatographic behavior was found to be between typical alkanes and typical aromatics. This behavior is caused by the simultaneous presence of three functionalities

The second sample type was characterized by spectroscopic methods only. The results permitted to assess that the waxy composite from crude oil tank sediments precipitated selectively, including highly aromatic and long alkyl chain asphaltenes as well as very large n-alkanes.     

基于地基影响下的大型原油储罐的

搁置在钢筋混凝土环梁基础上的大型储罐,当承受液体静压时,罐底板与最底层罐壁板联结处的应力状态十分复杂.用有限元方法对某石油储备基地的100 dam3原油储罐水压试验条件下的应力和变形进行了分析,得出了罐壁和底板的整体变形和应力分布情况.     

大型原油储罐事故后果的仿真模拟

分析了原油危险特性及原油储罐潜在的泄漏、火灾爆炸危险性。运用DNV公司软件PHAST(Process Hazard Analysis Software Toll)对大型原油罐区进行事故仿真模拟,建立了针对性强的事故后果模型。该模型能客观、准确地模拟与预测重大事故的后果和影响范围,得出事故危害程度的计算机模拟动态图表及报告,据此提出建议和措施。     

高硫原油生产润滑油基础油技术的研究

用常规润滑油加工技术难以用高硫伊朗轻质原油润滑油馏分生产ＨＶＩ基础油。石油化工科学研究院开发了常规工艺与加氢处理相结合的组合工艺（ＲＬＴ 技术）,用高硫伊朗轻质原油润滑油馏分生产ＨＶＩ基础油的研究结果表明,采用ＲＬＴ 技术,可用高硫伊朗轻质原油润滑油馏分生产ＨＶＩ基础油（ＶＩ≥９５）和ＶＨＶＩ基础油（ ＶＩ≥１２０）,反应条件缓和,在调节产品质量方面具有很好的灵活性。ＲＬＴ 技术是一种生产高质量润滑油基础油的经济且先进的技术。     

超声波处理油泥砂脱油实验研究

研究了超声波技术清洗含油泥砂的可行性。采用KQ100DB超声波清洗器,考察超声波功率、洗涤剂、操作温度、泥砂的粒径对油泥砂脱油率的影响,绘制了超声波洗涤处理油泥砂工艺流程图,并与传统的搅拌清洗相比较。结果表明,50℃时,处理SLYS样品30min,搅拌方式脱油率为22.7%,超声波方式脱油率达96.5%。对颗粒较小的JSYN样品,脱油率从28.0%（搅拌150min）提高至92.3%（超声波处理 60min）。超声波清洗工艺技术上可行,经济上合理有利,可以作为当今处理油泥砂工艺的一种选择。     

原油中天然表面活性剂的分离和性质研究

用乳化法分离出Ｐｒｅａｌｐｉｎｅ地区油中的天然表面活性剂,将它分散到液体石蜡中,测定了该分散液的表面张力,界面张力。考察了盐度水相ＰＨ值对界面张力的影响。另外,还以此分散液制备了一些太液,比较了它们的稳定性,了盐度和水相ＰＨ值对状液稳定性的影响。     

原油储存温度的优化

分别研究了原油储存温度对原油输送功率,罐区加热、维温、散热负荷,以及蒸馏装置冷、热公用工程消耗的影响;结合环境温度变化,建立了相关的能耗和能耗费用计算方程,并以此为基础提出了以总能耗或总能耗费用最小为目标函数的优化原油储存温度计算方法.实例应用表明该方法应用于实际操作,可较大幅度地降低原油罐区和蒸馏装置的相关能耗.     

STUDY ON BLENDS OF CRUDE OIL WITH SLUDGE LEFT IN KUWAITI OIL LAKES

ABSTRACT

An attempt has been made to determine the optimum amount of light crude oil (API=37) to be added to sludge left in Kuwaiti oil lakes to make a blend that has acceptable properties for refining purposes. Blends of different proportions were prepared and examined. Tests on selected physical properties such as API gravity, salt content, sulfur content, and viscosity were carried out. Analysis of experimental data indicated that a two weight percent blend of sludge with light crude oil would be the most appropriate proportion that will not jeopardize the specifications required by the refinery.

Experimental values of viscosity were compared with some of the available predictive correlations. The true boiling point (TBP) distillation was conducted to obtain yields of different cuts that could be produced out of the optimum proportion of the blends. Distillation curve for the 2wt% blend of sludge with light crude oil was compared with the distillation curves for each component of the blend.     

STUDY ON BLENDS OF CRUDE OIL WITH SLUDGE LEFT IN KUWAITI OIL LAKES

An attempt has been made to determine the optimum amount of light crude oil (API=37) to be added to sludge left in Kuwaiti oil lakes to make a blend that has acceptable properties for refining purposes. Blends of different proportions were prepared and examined. Tests on selected physical properties such as API gravity, salt content, sulfur content, and viscosity were carried out. Analysis of experimental data indicated that a two weight percent blend of sludge with light crude oil would be the most appropriate proportion that will not jeopardize the specifications required by the refinery.

Experimental values of viscosity were compared with some of the available predictive correlations. The true boiling point (TBP) distillation was conducted to obtain yields of different cuts that could be produced out of the optimum proportion of the blends. Distillation curve for the 2wt% blend of sludge with light crude oil was compared with the distillation curves for each component of the blend.     

降凝剂对中哈管输阿拉山口口岸多蜡原油流变性的影响

筛选了适合改善中哈管输阿拉山口口岸含蜡原油流变性的降凝剂,考察了加剂前后全黏温曲线的变化及重复加热、高速剪切对原油黏度和凝点的影响,并考察了静置稳定性。实验结果表明：在60 ℃处理温度下加入50 g/g乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯和丙烯酸接枝共聚物作为降凝剂,可使原油的凝点降低10~20 ℃以上,黏度、反常点、屈服值均有明显降低;重复加热温度低于60 ℃,随温度的降低原油改性效果变差;高速剪切对降凝剂降凝效果的影响与温度有直接关系,在析蜡高峰区温度附近降凝效果恶化严重;降凝剂对原油的静置稳定性表现较好。     

克拉玛依稠油减渣溶剂脱沥青工艺方案的选择

通过对ROSE工艺与传统的溶剂脱沥青工艺进行方案对比、以及对克拉玛依石化公司稠油渣油做ROSE工艺的中试和相应沥青产品性质的试验,表明ROSE工艺比较适合克拉玛依石化分公司新建80万t/a丙烷装置。采用该工艺可降低装置设备投资,降低能耗,简化操作;目的产品轻脱油的收率和质量提高,C7不溶物低于100μg／g;得到合格的沥青产品。     

浅析石油储罐区的防火防爆

针对石油化工企业储罐储存和输送油品的生产特点和理化性质,分析了储罐区火灾爆炸的各种原因,依据实际安全生产经验和科学的技术方法,从预防体系、人员操作、设备设施,以及消防和环境影响等多方面,提出防火防爆的措施。     

罐底油泥脱水及干化方法研究

以某油田污水处理厂沉降罐底部油泥为研究对象,结合其稳定性高、含油量较高的特点,提出了脱水-干化处理含油污泥的方法。实验考察了脱水剂种类、脱水剂加量、CPAM加量及干化剂加量对处理效果的影响,实验筛选出最佳脱水剂A,其最佳条件为：投加量2%（质量分数）,快速搅拌过程前CPAM加量为200 mg/L,慢速搅拌前加量为400 mg/L,经脱水处理后,油泥含水率从85 % 左右降至65% 左右;干化实验中,脱水油泥在加入5% 氧化钙或者与煤粉简易混合（油泥∶煤粉=1∶1.5）后,晾晒3～4 h可成颗粒状,于电热炉（800℃）上灼烧10～15 min,引燃即可燃烧,油泥中的油分可实现再利用。