多孔玻璃粉的制备及其在玻璃基板上的粘接

利用硼硅酸盐玻璃的分相和酸侵蚀制备了孔径可控的多孔玻璃粉,采用SEM、BET等测试手段对玻璃的表面形貌和孔径分布进行了表征。并以Na2O-Al2O3-B2O3体系低熔点玻璃作为粘接剂将多孔玻璃粉烧结在普通玻璃板上,研制出一种表面孔径约50nm且均匀分布的多孔玻璃基板,并分析了烧结温度、烧结时间、颗粒大小等对粘接的影响。     

能用于印刷线路板制造的单组分环氧树脂油墨组成物

以往对于印刷线路板的制造有许多方法。但归纳起来，大致有这样几种：1）在陶瓷、玻璃之类的无机绝缘基材上，以玻璃料为粘接剂，使用银、铂或钯系导体等，通过丝网印刷制成所需的电路，而后高温烧结固化，由此形成所谓厚膜混合集成电路。     

梯度HA/Mg复合材料的制备及性能研究

采用粉末冶金技术制备了梯度HA/Mg复合材料。研究了HA含量、HA梯度分布情况以及烧结温度对复合材料孔隙度、烧结收缩率和弯曲性能的影响,观察烧结产物的显微组织,并对复合材料的耐腐蚀性能进行测试。研究结果表明:随着梯度HA/Mg复合材料中间层HA含量的增加,梯度HA/Mg复合材料的烧结收缩率降低,孔隙度升高,抗弯强度降低。随着烧结温度的升高,梯度HA/Mg复合材料的烧结收缩率增大,孔隙度降低,抗弯强度增加。耐腐蚀性分析表明,与纯Mg相比,梯度HA/Mg复合材料具有更好的耐腐蚀性能。随着中间层HA含量的增加,腐蚀速率降低,溶液的pH增加缓慢。     

多孔羟基磷灰石微球的药物缓释性能

用锂钙硼（LCB）玻璃在磷酸盐溶液中的原位转化反应制备多孔羟基磷灰石（HA）微球,表征微球的物相组成、孔结构和形貌,以溶菌酶为药物模型研究了药物的缓释性能。结果表明,所制备的HA微球具有较好的孔结构。当溶菌酶溶液的浓度较低时,HA微球将溶菌酶吸附在微球的外表面;当浓度较高时,更多的溶菌酶扩散进入HA微球的微孔中,使缓释...     

微波烧结多孔β-TCP/HA双相生物陶瓷的性能

用微波烧结法制备出多孔β-TCP/HA双相生物陶瓷,研究了烧结温度、烧结时间及加热速度对生物陶瓷性能的影响.优化烧结工艺后,得到了平均晶粒尺寸约400 nm,气孔率约48%,强度为1.10 MPa的多孔β-TCP/HA双相陶瓷.用微波烧结方法可以制备出良好的多孔β-TCP/HA双相生物陶瓷,其线收缩率和抗压强度随着烧结温度的升高和烧结时间的延长而增大.与常规马弗炉烧结相比,在多孔β-TCP/HA双相生物陶瓷的线收缩率和抗压强度相同的情况下,微波烧结温度降低了大约100℃,提高了烧结效率,降低了能耗.微波烧结钙磷生物陶瓷具有更好的生物活性.     

强光致磷酸盐激光玻璃的色心及其ESR研究

研究了磷酸盐激光玻璃在120fs,800nm,1kHz脉冲激光照射下的光致暗化现象并测出了它们的光致暗化阈值。由ESR分析得出，磷酸盐玻璃的光致暗化来源于飞秒激光照射处玻璃因激光照射时的多光子吸收 生的色心。分析了Nd^3 对磷酸盐玻璃的光致暗化的影响并讨论了色心的类型。     

生物医用钙磷酸盐微晶玻璃

钙磷酸盐微晶玻璃因其具有生物活性，生物相容性，而广泛应用于牙科，骨科的替代及骨组织工程等领域，本文就钙磷酸盐微晶玻璃材料的制备工艺，组成性能，in vito/vivo实验及医学应用作了较详细的评述。     

水溶性粘接剂氧化锆粉末注射成形喂料的研究

采用聚乙二醇(PEG)为水溶脱脂粘接剂,聚甲醛(POM)/聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)为保型粘接剂,混炼制备水溶性粘接剂氧化锆粉末注射成形喂料;通过傅里叶红外光谱和旋转流变测试研究硬脂酸改性氧化锆对注射成形喂料的性能影响,并通过喂料流变行为、注射生坯脱脂率、生坯弯曲强度以及生坯脱脂前后断面形貌扫描电镜分析、烧结体的X射线衍射、硬度及密度表征,研究粘接剂组分配比和喂料粉末装载量对喂料性能的影响.结果表明:硬脂酸可以成功对氧化锆粉末进行改性,并可以明显降低注射成形喂料的黏度;当粉末装载量达到52%(体积分数),粘接剂各组分配比w(PEG)∶w(POM)∶w(PVB)=6∶2∶2时,喂料具有较好的流动性且粉末分散良好,生坯中粘接剂形成网状结构赋予生坯较高的弯曲强度,4 h后水脱脂率超过80%,水脱脂后生坯形成细小且连续脱脂通道;生坯经水脱脂、1 450℃烧结2 h后,烧结体晶型主要由四方相组成,平均晶粒尺寸1μm,密度6.01 g/cm~3,平均维氏硬度达到1 147 HV,与模压成型烧结氧化锆性能相当.     

磷酸盐玻璃的化学测试方法

一、结论磷酸盐玻璃作为特种玻璃在各个领域都有广泛的应用。磷酸盐玻璃常用来制造光学玻璃、透紫外线玻璃、吸热玻璃、耐氟酸玻璃等。钒磷酸盐玻璃是重要的辐射发光材料[1]。磷酸盐玻璃化学成分的波动对材料的物理性能有至关重要的影响,因此对材料的化学成分的测试及测试结果的正确性就显得更加重要。上海市玻璃制品质量监督检验站对磷酸盐玻璃的测试工作长期没有开展,特别是对Ｐ2Ｏ5的测试一直是一个空白点。为了满足用户对测试方面的需要,本人对含钠钙硅磷玻璃的测试方法进行了摸索及探讨。由于玻璃含有大量的Ｐ2Ｏ5、ＣａＯ,在测试中会…     

P_2O_5-BaO-Al_2O_3-K_2O磷酸盐激光玻璃的表面处理

采用化学浸蚀与高温热处理相结合的方法来改善P2O5-BaO-Al2O3-K2O磷酸盐玻璃表面平整性、去除玻璃表面杂质,提高用管棒法制备光纤预制棒时纤芯和包层玻璃的表面质量,消除由于机械抛光工艺带来的表面缺陷和表面污染.实验研究了磷酸盐玻璃盐酸浸蚀的特性,分析了盐酸溶液与磷酸盐玻璃作用机制,并确定了浸蚀参数,9mol/L的盐酸溶液对此磷酸盐玻璃具有最大浸蚀速率,浸蚀30min后,可消除玻璃表面的划痕.盐酸溶液对玻璃的浸蚀反应使磷酸盐玻璃表面平整,但在玻璃表面产生了晶化覆盖层.通过进一步在拉丝温度下热处理,可使玻璃表面覆盖层重新非晶化,提高玻璃透过率.实验结果表明:化学浸蚀和高温热处理的复合方法是一种有效改善磷酸盐玻璃表面质量的途径.     

Effect of bioglass additions on the sintering of Y-TZP bioceramics

The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of bioglass additions on the sintering and mechanical properties of yttria-stabilized zirconia ceramics, Y-TZP. Samples containing different bioglass additions, varying between 0 and 30 wt.%, were cold uniaxial pressed at 80 MPa and sintered in air at 1200 °C or 1300 °C for 120 min. Sintered samples were characterized by X-ray Diffractometry and Scanning Electron Microscopy. Hardness and fracture toughness were determined using Vickers indentation method. As a preliminary biological evaluation, in vitro cytotoxicity tests by Neutral Red Uptake method (using mouse connective tissue cells, NCTC clone L929 from ATCC bank) were realized to determine the cytotoxicity level of ZrO₂-bioglass ceramics. The increasing of bioglass amount leads to the decreasing of relative density due to martensitic (tetragonal-monoclinic) transformation during cooling of the sintered samples. Y-TZP samples sintered at 1300 °C containing 5 wt.% of bioglass presented the best results, with high relative density, hardness and fracture toughness of 11.3 GPa and 6.1 MPa m^1/2, respectively. Furthermore, the un-cytotoxic behavior was observed in all sintering conditions and bioglass amounts used in this study.     

Composite bone substitute materials based on β-tricalcium phosphate and magnesium-containing sol–gel derived bioactive glass

In the present study, bioceramic composites with improved mechanical and biological properties were synthesized by sintering mixtures of β-tricalcium phosphate and SiO₂–CaO–MgO–P₂O₅ sol–gel derived bioactive glass at 1000–1200°C. The physical, mechanical, structural and biological properties of the composites were evaluated by appropriate experiments such as microhardness, bending strength, XRD, SEM and MTT. The results showed that 1000 and 1100°C were not appropriate temperatures for sintering the composites and in contrast, the microhardness, bending strength and bulk density significantly increased by increasing in quantity of bioglass phase when the samples were sintered at 1200°C. No significant difference was found between the fracture toughness of the composites and pure β-tricalcium phosphate. β-tricalcium phosphate was structurally stable up to 1200°C and did not transform to its alpha form even in the presence of the bioglass phase but migration of magnesium cations from the glass composition into its lattice structure was found by right-shift in XRD patterns, especially when the composite contained higher amount of bioglass component. Calcium silicate was also crystallized in the composition of the composites, which was more detectable in higher sintering temperatures. The results of the MTT test showed that proliferation of human osteosarcoma cells on the composites was considerably better than that of pure β-TCP.     

水基喷雾液相烧结SiC陶瓷造粒粉制备工艺

对SiC液相烧结陶瓷预混粉料的水基喷雾造粒工艺进行研究。通过对AlN进行表面修饰保护,AlN-Y2O3液相烧结SiC粉料可在水基中进行喷雾造粒,研究不同粘结剂种类、含量对浆料的黏度、粗粉得率的影响。结果表明:碱性粘结剂可降低浆料黏度,中性粘结剂使浆料黏度增高,但粗粉得率均随粘结剂含量增高而改善。喷雾后得到球形实心颗粒粉料,平均粒径50μm,具有良好的流动性及快速填充性,可直接用于干压成型。     

烧结破碎法制备超细晶粒WC-17%Co热喷涂粉末

利用烧结破碎法,以超细晶粒WC粉、Co粉为原料制备了WC-17%Co热喷涂粉末。用X-射线衍射和扫描电子显微镜对粉末的形貌和结构进行了研究,讨论了烧结温度、有机粘结剂、碳粉对粉末特性的影响。实验结果表明:将有机粘结剂添加到粉末中后,可有效地阻止超细WC/Co粉烧结时η相(Co3W3C、Co6W6C)的出现;除极少量碳溶于粘结相Co中外,碳主要以游离态形式存在,可抑止粉末热喷涂时WC的分解;制备超细WC-17%Co热喷涂粉末适宜的烧结温度是在1250℃左右。     

无金属粘结剂WC硬质合金增强增韧的研究进展与展望

无金属粘结剂WC硬质合金(Binderless tungsten carbide, BTC)硬度高，具有良好的耐磨性、耐腐蚀性，被广泛应用于刀具、耐磨零件等领域，成为近年来硬质合金领域的研究热点。然而，由于没有添加金属粘结剂，其在烧结过程中易出现晶粒长大，致密化难度加大，对烧结方法烧结工艺的要求较高，韧性难与金属粘结剂WC硬质合金相媲美。因此，一些研究人员通过添加非金属粘结剂及调整烧结工艺等方法抑制晶粒长大、促进其致密化，有效改善了BTC材料的性能。本文对于应用金属氧化物、金属碳化物、碳材料及复合增强增韧来提高BTC性能的研究进行综述，介绍了添加剂的种类、增强增韧机制及可以改善材料性能的烧结方法及烧结工艺。      

Microstructure development during sintering and heat-treatment of cemented carbides and cermets

WC based cemented carbides and Ti(C, N) based cermets are used in cutting tool applications. They are produced by liquid phase sintering, but much of the microstructure is formed already during solid state sintering, before the eutectic temperature has been reached. Changes in the microstructure during the sintering process have been followed with microscopy and microanalysis, in particular SEM and TEM including energy filtered transmission electron microscopy (EFTEM). It was found that part of the hard phases are dissolved in the solid binder, transported by diffusion and re-precipitated onto undissolved hard grains with a composition given by the equilibrium conditions (“inner rim”). For vacuum sintering of nitrogen containing materials, this means a low nitrogen activity due to the open porosity at this stage. After the liquid has formed, further dissolution and re-precipitation occur, but now the porosity is closed so the “outer rim” is formed with the nitrogen activity of the material. The solid solution of the binder (often by tungsten) is determined primarily by the carbon activity in the liquid phase. During cooling after sintering, tungsten and other metals dissolved in the binder re-precipitate onto hard grains so that depleted zones around these are formed, whereas dissolved carbon and nitrogen have time to leave the binder almost completely. Sintering or post-sintering heat-treatment of nitrogen containing materials in an atmosphere with a lower or higher nitrogen activity than in the material results in the formation of surface zones with a composition different from the bulk (“gradient sintering”). In the former case, a tough zone enriched in binder and depleted of cubic carbides is created, which is beneficial if the material is going to be coated with a wear resistant layer. In the latter case a hard surface zone rich in cubic carbo-nitrides and depleted of WC and binder may be obtained, improving the wear resistance of the material.     

Low temperature fabrication of high strength porous calcium phosphate and the evaluation of the osteoconductivity

Porous NaO₂–MgO–CaO–P₂O₅ bioglass doped beta-tri-calcium phosphate (β-TCP) bioceramic possessing high mechanical properties and well pore structure with high porosity and high pore connectivity has been prepared through dipping method with the porous polyurethane as the pore forming template. The sintering mechanism and the mechanical properties of the bioglass doped β-TCP scaffold have been investigated by the X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and thermal differential analysis (DTA). The scaffold’s in vivo osteoconductivity has been evaluated by implantation of scaffolds into the femurs of New Zealand rabbits. The results show that the porous structure can achieve the densification process at a low temperature about 950°C by a solid solution sintering mechanism and hence dense macropore scaffold with a compressive strength of 4.32 MPa when the porosity is 75% has been obtained. The in vivo test shows that the Na₂O–MgO–CaO–P₂O₅ bioglass doped porous β-TCP bioceramic has a relatively fast bone formation after implantation; after 1 month implantation new deposited bone tissue has been detected on the strut of the porous scaffold and degraded particles also has been found on the surface of the new formed bone. After 6 months implantation the porous scaffold has been thoroughly covered with new formed bone. Results show that the Na₂O–MgO–CaO–P₂O₅ bioglass doped porous β-TCP bioceramic is potential bone tissue engineering scaffold for orthopedic use.     

界面反应对Cu35Ni25Co25Cr15多主元合金/金刚石复合材料磨损性能的影响

金刚石超硬磨具在高端芯片加工、3C陶瓷等领域发挥的作用日益重要,粘结相与金刚石的界面结合情况在很大程度上影响了金刚石超硬复合材料的力学和磨损性能。为了研究粘结相和金刚石的界面结合情况,采用放电等离子烧结方法制备了Cu₃₅Ni₂₅Co₂₅Cr₁₅多主元合金/金刚石复合材料,通过热力学计算和实验研究了粘结相和金刚石颗粒的界面反应。结果表明：烧结过程中,金属粘结相中的Cr元素与金刚石在界面处发生了化学反应,生成Cr-C化合物,且Cr-C化合物层的厚度随着烧结温度的升高而增加。当烧结温度达到950℃时,Cr-C化合物反应层均匀连续,厚度大约为1.1μm。复合材料粘结相与金刚石颗粒的粘结系数随着Cr-C化合物层厚度的增加而增大。摩擦磨损测试表明,在900℃和950℃烧结的样品表面,粘结相在摩擦过程中首先被磨除,金刚石随后露出,而Cr-C界面反应层有助于保持对金刚石颗粒的把持能力,提高复合材料的磨削性能。因此,适当的界面反应可提升金刚石复合材料的服役性能。     

酚醛树脂对氮化硅离心喷雾造粒特性的影响

以无水乙醇为介质,使用酚醛树脂作为粘结剂进行氮化硅粉末的离心喷雾造粒,研究不同含量的酚醛树脂对喷雾造粒粉料的性能、粉料形貌、粒径分布和烧结性能的影响。结果表明,当粉料中酚醛树脂的含量增加时,喷雾干燥的粉料松装密度增加,休止角减小,平均粒径增大,粉料的烧结收缩率增大,相对密度减小,气孔数量增多且孔径增大。     

碳化硅多孔陶瓷气孔率和强度影响因素

研究了陶瓷粘结剂含量、碳化硅颗粒粒径以及烧结温度对高温气体过滤用碳化硅多孔陶瓷抗弯强度和气孔率的影响. 利用X射线衍射测试了多孔陶瓷烧结后的物相组成. 陶瓷粘结剂含量的增加使碳化硅多孔陶瓷的气孔率快速下降, 在陶瓷粘结剂含量15wt%时, 碳化硅多孔陶瓷可具有较高的气孔率(37.5%)和抗弯强度(27.63MPa). 随着碳化硅颗粒粒径从300?m减少到87um, 碳化硅多孔陶瓷的气孔率和抗弯强度可同时提高, 气孔率从35.5%增加到了42.4%, 而抗弯强度从19.92MPa增加到了25.18MPa. 碳化硅多孔陶瓷的烧结温度从1300℃增加到1400℃过程中, 其气孔率从38.7%迅速下降到35.4%, 而其抗弯强度一直在27MPa左右, 没有大幅变化, 所以该多孔陶瓷的烧结温度应该选在陶瓷粘结剂熔点(1300℃)附近, 不宜过高.