基于最大干扰网络编码的应用层多播算法

构建于终端系统的应用层多播具有网络层多播不可比拟的优势,为了提高应用层多播的效率和性能,提出一种基于最大干扰网络编码的应用层多播算法。该算法在采用网络编码的基础上,在多播路径选择上通过考虑源到多个目的节点路径间的最大干扰,来提高编码的利用效率,有效节省带宽。仿真表明,相比较一般应用层多播算法和基于网络编码的多播算法,本算法在提高网络吞吐量和资源利用率方面都有更好的表现。     

一种改进的多播网络编码算法

在多播网络通信中,网络编码的应用,实现了最大流最小割定理所决定的多播传输的最大理论传输容量。对这一问题,可采用线性multicast,线性broadcast,线性dispersion,以及generic等线性网络编码构造算法进行求解。但这些方法,计算复杂度较高。在研究generic线性网络编码算法的基础上,结合离散路由的使用,对其进行了改进,提出了一种改进的多播网络编码算法,并给出了算法的合理性证明。复杂度分析表明,该算法较generic线性网络编码算法,复杂度有显著的下降。     

一种改进负载均衡的网络编码多播路由算法

已有研究证明,在多播网络中使用网络编码可以显著提高多播通信的性能。总结了网络编码多播理论的研究进展,同时对网络编码多播路由问题进行了研究与分析。考虑到影响链路负载和资源消耗的因素,提出了一种改进链路负载均衡的网络编码多播路由算法,优化了路径间链路的共享。通过使用常见的Waxman网络拓扑模型,产生随机网络拓扑。在这些拓扑中,分别针对传统IP多播路由、低速率网络下的网络编码多播路由以及提出的路由算法进行性能仿真。仿真结果表明,与其他两种路由算法相比,该算法在可达吞吐量、资源消耗和负载均衡等性能上均有很好的表现。     

基于网络编码的多播路由算法研究

网络编码的提出在一定程度上提高了多播通信的传输性能。简要总结了网络编码多播传输理论的研究进展,并对网络编码多播路由问题进行了研究。分析了已有算法的优势及不足,同时考虑影响资源消耗的因素,文中提出了一种基于最短路径和最大共享链路集的网络编码多播路由算法。通过在随机网络拓扑模型下的性能仿真实验分析,发现与传统的IP最短路多播和约简网络下网络编码多播路由算法相比,该算法可显著减少网络带宽资源消耗,同时能够有效均衡链路负载。     

基于多播的网络编码研究

最大流最小割的理论决定了网络的最大吞吐量,网络编码可以使这一理论在单元多播的网络环境下得以实现,其核心思想是在网络的中间节点引入编码功能,对收到的数据包进行相应编码后再转发出去,有别于传统网络的简单存储和转发操作.文章介绍了网络编码的原理、优势,分析了线性网络编码理论,并对其构造方法进行了改进,降低了复杂度.     

基于多播的线性网络编码

网络编码是网络中间节点对网络信息流进行存储转发的基础上实行编码操作,从而达到提高网络吞吐量,改善网络均衡负载,节省网络带宽等效果.网络编码在国内外已成为研究热点.本文在介绍网络编码基本原理的基础上,分析了线性网络编码的构造算法,包括指数时间算法,多项式时间算法和随机网络编码构造算法,最后对网络编码的研究趋势进行了展望.     

无线网络中一类多播网络的网络编码

提出一种无线网络空间构造的新算法,该算法借助基本图模拟网络节点状态,通过节点基本图的加入和离开动态实现无线网络.k冗余多播网络采用网络编码可实现最大多播速率k的信息传输,对于无线网络中的k冗余多播网络,从网络信息流分解的角度给出一种网络编码算法.     

一种基于分层应用层多播的数据可靠传输算法

本文提出了一种分层应用层多播的数据可靠传输算法.算法主要包括差错控制、应用层缓冲区设置并且结合了SNAP分层数据命名.其中,差错控制采用基于NAK的分层局部恢复的方法;而应用层缓冲区的设置不仅解决了NAK方式下缓冲区容量的问题,还缓解了节点的接收速率大于发送速率时带来的吞吐率降低现象.最后,本文使用OPNET对算法进行了模拟
拟,并给出了该算法与其他方法的性能比较分析.     

基于网络编码的多播车载网路由算法研究

多播与网络编码的融合,可以实现网络的最大流最小割值,增加网络吞吐量.针对车载网拓扑变化频繁、链路寿命短暂的特点,利用网络编码,结合车内GPS系统提供的地理位置信息,提出一种事件驱动的车载多播路由算法:NCMR.NCMR算法依据车载节点的局部拓扑信息,确定数据发送速率和局部网络最大流最小割值,结合最大距离可分码,计算最小...     

一种基于部分网络编码的无线网络机会路由算法

结合机会路由和网络编码两项新技术各自的优势,提出了一种新的基于部分网络编码的机会路由算法(Opportunistic Routing Algorithm for Wireless Network Based on Partial Network Coding,ORAPNC)。为了避免数据包分叉传输,同时利于执行转发节点间协调机制,ORAPNC首先以期望传输次数作为路由度量建立一条固定路由,并将候选转发节点集中在这条固定路径附近;为了充分减小网络中的冗余数据包,ORAPNC采用一种新的转发节点间协调机制(Forwarding Nodes Coordination Mechanism,FNCM)来实现每跳的数据包传输。仿真结果表明,与其他相关路由协议相比较,ORAPNC可以有效提高网络吞吐量,减小目的节点解出原始数据包的平均时延。     

一种基于多描述编码的应用层组播模型*

为解决流媒体系统中基于多描述编码的多树模型所存在的同步问题,提出了一种基于多描述编码的层次组播模型。该模型中,相邻层的节点之间采用多对一的传输方式,并通过描述资源的均匀分布实现系统的快速收敛,以最大覆盖算法为节点获取最大的描述集和请求分布,在获得高质量视频的同时提高系统的鲁棒性。仿真实验表明,该模型以较小的协议开销获得了较好的视频质量,实现了动态环境中较高的系统可靠性。     

一种基于分布式网络编码的共享树光组播算法

为了减少传统组播共享树算法的网络资源消耗和均衡链路负载,提出了一种基于分布式网络编码的共享树光组播算法。此算法在最大限度地增加光链路共享的情况下,对多点到多点的组播建立具有网络编码功能的共享树进行信息传输,且对具有网络编码的共享树只分配两个波长,有别于传统组播为每个会话分配一个波长,从而减少了波长资源消耗。仿真结果表明,新的基于分布式网络编码的共享树光组播算法相比传统共享组播树方法能有效达到均衡网络负载和减少波长资源消耗的目的。     

基于蚁群算法的树环结构应用层组播树构建算法

作为对IP组播技术的改进,应用层组播(ALM)技术具有不受网络架构限制、资源丰富、数据传输速率高等优势。综合考虑节点性能和端到端延迟,提出一种快速且高效的建立应用层组播树的方法：基于蚁群算法的树环结构ALM模型(ACOTRM)。目前对ALM结构的研究大部分都是仅仅粗略地给出拓扑结构,而对整个构建过程却缺乏完整且清晰的描述。鉴于此,完整地给出了一种树环结构ALM树的具体构建过程,主要包括网络节点分簇、簇内成环连接、数据转发数的建立等关键步骤。另外,为每个节点设定特有的优先级,使得整个ALM树达到最优化状态。仿真结果表明,该模型得到了较低的平均时延以及较高的平均数据传输率,在增加系统稳定性的同时也提高了其转发效率。     

On minimizing coding operations in network coding based multicast: an evolutionary algorithm

In telecommunications networks, to enable a valid data transmission based on network coding, any intermediate node within a given network is allowed, if necessary, to perform coding operations. The more coding operations needed, the more coding resources consumed and thus the more computational overhead and transmission delay incurred. This paper investigates an efficient evolutionary algorithm to minimize the amount of coding operations required in network coding based multicast. Based on genetic algorithms, we adapt two extensions in the proposed evolutionary algorithm, namely a new crossover operator and a neighbourhood search operator, to effectively solve the highly complex problem being concerned. The new crossover is based on logic OR operations to each pair of selected parent individuals, and the resulting offspring are more likely to become feasible. The aim of this operator is to intensify the search in regions with plenty of feasible individuals. The neighbourhood search consists of two moves which are based on greedy link removal and path reconstruction, respectively. Due to the specific problem feature, it is possible that each feasible individual corresponds to a number of, rather than a single, valid network coding based routing subgraphs. The neighbourhood search is applied to each feasible individual to find a better routing subgraph that consumes less coding resource. This operator not only improves solution quality but also accelerates the convergence. Experiments have been carried out on a number of fixed and randomly generated benchmark networks. The results demonstrate that with the two extensions, our evolutionary algorithm is effective and outperforms a number of state-of-the-art algorithms in terms of the ability of finding optimal solutions.     

An application layer multicast approach based on topology-aware clustering

Application layer multicast accelerates ubiquitous deployment of the multicast communication, as well as brings unavoidable performance penalties because the group members are dynamic and lack direct knowledge about the underlying topology. A promising approach to improve the multicasting performance is to cluster the nearby nodes in groups. However, it confronts some practical challenges. A challenge is that it is difficult to assign a proximity bound to determine whether some nodes should be clustered or not. Another practical problem is how to organize the corresponding multicast structure. In this paper, we propose a new topology-aware hierarchical clustering model, which implements clustering in different grain sizes. Based on the model, we propose an application layer multicast solution named HCcast, especially for large-scale group applications. HCcast employs a topology-aware approach to choose candidate parents at different levels, and uses distributed depth first searching (DFS) approach to position a host at the same level. The clusters of HCcast are topology-based, therefore cluster split and merge operations are unnecessary, which reduces the maintenance overhead. The results of our simulation experiments show that HCcast can build multicast trees with desirable delivery performance, and the performance keep stable in different join sequences.     

一种基于遗传算法的半动态应用层多播协议

将半动态应用层多播通信分解为静态起始和动态维护两种阶段交替出现的过程．在起始阶段．采用基于遗传算法的多播路由机制构建优化的静态多播树;在维护阶段,采用拓扑维护机制、路由性能监控机制和路由更新机制．对多播拓扑的动态进行快速响应．仿真结果表明．该协议同时具备优化多播树性能和快速维护多播拓扑的能力,改善了通信过程中多播树的整体性能．     

An improved MOEA/D algorithm for multi-objective multicast routing with network coding

Network coding enables higher network throughput, more balanced traffic, and securer data transmission. However, complicated mathematical operations incur when packets are combined at intermediate nodes, which, if not operated properly, lead to very high network resource consumption and unacceptable delay. Therefore, it is of vital importance to minimize various network resources and end-to-end delays while exploiting promising benefits of network coding.Multicast has been used in increasingly more applications, such as video conferencing and remote education. In this paper the multicast routing problem with network coding is formulated as a multi-objective optimization problem (MOP), where the total coding cost, the total link cost and the end-to-end delay are minimized simultaneously. We adapt the multi-objective evolutionary algorithm based on decomposition (MOEA/D) for this MOP by hybridizing it with a population-based incremental learning technique which makes use of the global and historical information collected to provide additional guidance to the evolutionary search. Three new schemes are devised to facilitate the performance improvement, including a probability-based initialization scheme, a problem-specific population updating rule, and a hybridized reproduction operator. Experimental results clearly demonstrate that the proposed algorithm outperforms a number of state-of-the-art MOEAs regarding the solution quality and computational time.     

基于网络编码的组播率与编码节点数的平衡

为探究单源组播网络编码的组播率与最少编码节点数之间的关系,利用线性网络编码的导出与扩展技术,对两者间的关系进行了理论分析和推导,得出了"最少编码节点数随组播率单调递增"的结论。构造了一个多目标优化模型用于精确地描述两者间的数量关系。为求解这个多目标优化模型,设计出能搜索所有可行编码方案的策略。运用该策略,并结合NSGA-II,提出了求解该模型的算法。在需要兼顾两者平衡的情况下,模型的解为确定编码方案提供了选择依据。所提算法不仅能搜索出整个Pareto集,而且能在指定可行组播率区域的前提下,以较小的运算代价得出相应的部分Pareto集。仿真结果验证了理论分析的结论,表明了所提算法的可行性和有效性。