Sn-Ag-Cu无铅焊料性能研究

环保和微电子器件高度集成化的发展驱动了高性能无铅焊料的研究和开发,Sn—Ag－Cu系无铅焊料由于具有良好的焊接性能和使用性能,已逐渐成为一种通用电子无铅焊料。文章通过实验的方法,研究了8种不同配比的Sn—Ag—Cu焊料中银、铜含量对合金性能（包括熔点、润湿性和剪切强度）的影响,并对焊料的显微组织进行对比与分析,得出低银焊料的可靠性比高银焊料好,同时Sn－2．9Ag—1．2Cu的合金具有较低的熔点且铺展性好,为确定综合性能最佳的该系焊料合金提供了依据。     

Sn-Ag-Cu焊料中金属间化合物对焊接性能的影响

讨论了Sn-Ag-Cu焊料与Cu焊盘间在回流焊过程中形成的金属间化合物(IMC)的种类、形态,Ag含量和Cu含量对IMC的影响,IMC在老化过程中的生长演变及其对焊接性能的影响。结果表明:Sn-Ag-Cu焊料与Cu焊盘之间的金属间化合物主要是Cu6Sn5和长针状的Ag3Sn,Ag和Cu的添加对组织有明显细化作用,但过量添加会影响IMC的性能。IMC的演变主要是与老化温度、老化时间有关,较厚的IMC不利于焊接性能的提高。     

新型Sn-Ag-Cu-Cr无铅焊料合金的研究

对新型Sn-Ag-Cu-Cr无铅焊料进行了熔点、力学性能、润湿性能等的测试,并从微观方面分析了Cr对Sn-Ag-Cu系无铅焊料的作用规律机理。结果表明:Cr的加入对材料力学性能的影响较为显著,当Cr含量(质量分数)在0.1%左右时可提高焊料的各项力学性能指标,而当含量过高后,又将降低材料的强度,提高脆性,Cr含量少于0.5%时,对焊料的熔点影响较小,而Cr的加入对焊料的铺展性能却有降低作用。     

Ce对SnAgCu系无铅焊锡力学性能的影响

通过向Sn-3Ag-2.8Cu钎料合金中添加微量稀土Ce,利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)研究了不同稀土含量对Sn-3Ag-2.8Cu合金的力学性能的影响,同时对显微组织进行了分析.实验结果表明,微量的Ce稀土可以显著提高Sn-3Ag-2.8Cu钎料的延伸率、延长其焊接接头在室温下的蠕变断裂寿命,尤其是当稀土的质量分数为0.1%时,其蠕变断裂寿命可以达到Sn-3Ag-2.8Cu钎料的9倍以上,当稀土的质量分数超过0.1%时,接头的蠕变断裂寿命呈下降趋势.综合考虑,最佳的稀土质量分数为0.05%～0.10%.     

Sn-Ag-Cu系无铅焊锡的力学性能和实用性能

研究添加稀土Ce对Sn-Ag-Cu合金的力学性能和实用性能的影响,利用光学显微镜、SEM、EDX对合金的组织、形貌、成分进行分析。结果表明,在Sn-Ag-Cu系无铅焊锡中添加稀土Ce可以细化合金组织,使合金成分分布更加均匀;稀土Ce的添加可以明显提高合金的延伸率;添加Ce后延伸率提高了6.1%,从而使力学性能大大提高;适量稀土的加入使焊料与基体结合更加紧密,外观平整,对合金的实用性能有很大提高。     

Sn-Zn-Bi无铅焊料表面张力及润湿性研究

采用气泡最大压力法对Sn-9Zn-XBi焊料进行了表面张力测试,用平衡法测试焊料的润湿性。结果表明:Bi的添加大大降低了Sn-Zn系焊料熔体的表面张力;然而焊料暴露在空气环境下1min后,表面形成ZnO导致其表面张力增大;Bi的增加提高了焊料在铜片上的润湿力,缩短了润湿时间;Sn-9Zn-XBi焊料润湿力仍低于Sn-40Pb,其原因是焊料–铜界面能偏高。     

Sn-Ag-Cu无铅焊料的可靠性研究

欧盟对电子产品的RoHS法令的实施加快了电子封装钎焊无铅化的步伐。Sn-Ag-Cu焊料以其优良的机械性能和可焊性,逐渐得到了国际社会的认可。文章对无铅焊料的发展过程,Sn-Ag-Cu合金的性能进行了综述,重点介绍了Sn-Ag-Cu焊点的可靠性,包括试验法和有限元法。最后对Sn-Ag-Cu焊料的应用前景进行了展望。     

Sn-Zn系无铅焊料抗氧化性和润湿性研究现状

Sn—Zn无铅焊料由于熔点接近Sn—Pb、价格低廉、无毒性、力学性能优良等特点,倍受人们的关注。然而由于Zn的表面活性高,在钎焊过程中焊料容易氧化,导致了润湿性能下降。本文综述合金元素对Sn—Zn无铅焊料氧化性能、润湿性的影响。并对Sn—Zn焊料今后的研究方向进行了简要分析。     

Sn-Zn系无铅焊料抗氧化性和润湿性研究现状

Sn-Zn无铅焊料由于熔点接近Sn-Pb,价格低廉、无毒性、力学性能优良等特点,倍受人们的关注。然而由于Zn的表面活性高,在钎焊过程中焊料容易氧化,导致了润湿性能下降。本文综述合金元素对Sn-Zn无铅焊料氧化性能、润湿性的影响。并对Sn-Zn焊料今后的研究方向进行了简要分析。     

Sn-Zn系无铅焊料研究和亟待解决的问题

文章介绍了无铅焊料研究的趋势及Sn-Zn系焊料研究取得的最新进展,分析了Sn-Zn系焊料与Sn-Ag系焊料研究的差距。最后,文章还总结了Sn-Zn系焊料研究面临的困难,找出了存在于基础研究和应用研究领域的若干问题,指出Sn-Zn系焊料的研究还需要更加深入。     

Effects of Trace Amounts of Rare Earth Additions on Microstructure and Properties of Sn-Bi-Based Solder Alloy

The effect of trace amounts of rare earth additions on the microstructure and properties were studied for the Sn-58Bi and Sn-58Bi-Ag solder alloys. At the same time, the intermetallic compounds (IMCs) in the solder alloys and intermetallic layer (IML) thickness at the solder/Cu substrate interface were investigated, both as-reflowed and after high-temperature aging. The results indicate that adding trace amounts of rare earth (RE) elements has little influence on the melting temperature and microhardness of the solders investigated, but adding RE elements improves the wettability and shear strength of the Sn-58Bi and Sn-58Bi-Ag solder alloys. In addition, it was found that the addition of RE elements not only refines the microstructure and size of the IMC particles, but also decreases the IML thickness and shear strength of the Sn-58Bi solder joint after high-temperature aging. Adding trace amounts of RE elements is superior to adding trace amounts of Ag for improving the properties of the Sn-58Bi solder. The reason may be related to the modification of the microstructure of the solder alloys due to the addition of trace amounts of RE elements.     

微合金化对Sn-9Zn基无铅钎料润湿性能的影响

熔炼制备了纯的以及含微量Al、Mg、Ti、Bi、重稀土Y、混合轻稀土RE和一种富P非金属活性组元NM的Sn-9Zn基合金,通过测量这些合金以及商用Sn-37Pb焊料在铜基板上的铺展面积比较了它们对铜的润湿性能。结果表明Al、Ti和 Mg不利于提高合金在铜上的润湿性或附着力;Y的改善作用不大;而Bi、RE和NM则能明显改善Sn-9Zn合金对铜的润湿性。在此基础上进一步研究了RE和NM含量对Sn-9Zn润湿性能的影响。以铺展面积衡量,本研究所达到的最佳改善效果使Sn-9Zn合金对铜的润湿性由Sn-37Pb焊料润湿性水平的45.4%提高到了70.3%。     

Modeling Material Properties of Lead-Free Solder Alloys

A full set of physical and thermophysical properties for lead-free solder (LFS) alloys have been calculated, including liquidus/solidus temperatures, fraction solid, density, coefficient of thermal expansion, thermal conductivity, Young’s modulus, viscosity, and liquid surface tension, all as a function of composition and temperature (extending into the liquid state). The results have been extensively validated against data available in the literature. A detailed comparison of the properties of two LFS alloys Sn-20In-2.8Ag and Sn-5.5Zn-4.5In-3.5Bi with Sn-37Pb has been made to show the utility and need for calculations that cover a wide range of properties, including the need to consider the effect of nonequilibrium cooling. The modeling of many of these properties follows well-established procedures previously used in JMatPro software for a range of structural alloys. This paper describes an additional procedure for the calculation of the liquid surface tension for multicomponent systems, based on the Butler equation. Future software developments are reviewed, including the addition of mechanical properties, but the present calculations can already make a useful contribution to the selection of appropriate new LFS alloys.     

Ag对Sn-9Zn合金钎料组织及性能的影响

用莱卡显微镜、XRD研究添加元素Ag对Sn-9Zn钎料组织及性能的影响。结果表明:Ag与Zn形成AgZn3化合物,能抑制粗大针状富Zn相的形成,可使Sn-9Zn钎料合金的润湿性提高20%,并明显改善Sn-9Zn的耐蚀性。     

Effect of SiC Nanoparticle Additions on Microstructure and Microhardness of Sn-Ag-Cu Solder Alloy

In this work, lead-free composite solders were produced by mechanically mixing nominal 20 nm moissanite SiC particles with Sn-3.8Ag-0.7Cu solder paste. The effects of the amount of SiC addition on the melting behavior, microstructure, and microhardness of as-solidified composite solders were systematically investigated. In comparison with solder without the addition of SiC nanoparticles, the subgrain of β-Sn, the intermetallic compounds (IMCs) average grain size and distance decreased significantly in the composite solder matrix. This was possibly ascribed to the strong adsorption effect and high surface free energy of the SiC nanoparticles. Our results showed that 0.05 wt.% addition of SiC nanoparticles could improve the microhardness by 44% compared with the noncomposite and that the average grain size and distance changed from 0.5 μm to 0.2 μm and from 0.6 μm to 0.32 μm, respectively. The refined IMCs, acting as a strengthening phase in the solder matrix, enhanced the microhardness of the composite solders, in good agreement with the prediction of the classic theory of dispersion strengthening.     

微电子封装中Sn—Aq—Cu焊点剪切强度研究

提出了一种对微电子封装器件中焊点剪切强度进行测试的方法，可有效降低测试误差。利用该方法，对Sn—Ag—Cu无铅焊料分别在Cu基板和Ni-P基板上形成的焊点，经不同的热时效后的剪切强度进行了测量，并对断裂面的微观结构进行了研究。结果表明，新的剪切测试方法误差小，易于实施，焊点剪切强度、断裂面位置与焊料在不同基板界面上金属间化合物的形貌、成分有关。     

Sn-Zn-Bi-Ag系钎料物理性能研究

通过成分设计形成了Sn-Zn-Bi-Ag系钎料合金。针对微电子产业的应用要求研究了钎料的物理性能,分析了Sn-Zn-Bi-Ag系钎料中合金元素对钎料物理性能的影响。发现:Sn-Zn-Bi-Ag系钎料的合金元素中Bi、Ag含量(质量分数)的增加会使钎料的密度增大,而Zn含量对钎料的密度影响不大。Zn含量5.0%~6.5%,Bi含量1.5%~3.0%,Ag含量0.5%~0.8%范围的Sn-Zn-Bi-Ag钎料具有较好的润湿性能。Sn-Zn-Bi-Ag系钎料中Bi含量不高时,钎料的电阻率均比传统Sn-37Pb钎料小。随着Bi含量的增加,钎料的电阻率有明显增大的趋势。     

浅谈Sn-Ag-Cu无铅焊料的可靠性

随着电子组装技术的发展,电子产品在制造过程中使用的焊料也随之更新换代,由原来的使用锡铅焊料改为使用无铅焊料,特别是Sn-Ag-Cu焊料,以满足WEEE和RoHS指令以及其他方面的要求。然而,使用无铅焊料却带来了一系列的问题,这些问题自然影响到产品的可靠性和使用寿命,因此,成为业界最关注的热点问题。文章主要讨论了Sn-Ag-Cu焊料的可靠性等问题。