溶解乙炔净化系统技改小结

本文介绍了溶解乙炔气净化系统由干法改湿法及改湿法的思考、方法及效果为提高溶解乙炔质量确保安全我厂对30m~3/h 溶解乙炔气净化系统进行了技术改造,由干法净化改为湿法净化。湿法净化原理、设备、安全事项、设计思想叙述于下:     

溶解乙炔生产线的引进获得成功

龙海县气体厂是福建省石化厅定点生产溶解乙炔的厂家之一。该厂于1985年与日本签约引进溶解乙炔生产线,1986年通过扩初设计,1987年施工兴建,1988年1月调试、试     

乙烯基乙炔不同溶剂吸收工艺的比较

在乙炔二聚合成乙烯基乙炔(MVA)工艺中,于常温和较低温度下,分别测定了丙酮、氯苯和二甲苯溶剂吸收MVA的溶解度及其吸收特性曲线,测得3℃下MVA在丙酮、氯苯和二甲苯溶剂中的溶解度分别为31.182,20.743,15.097mL/mL。由计算可知,MVA丙嗣吸收法的能耗仅为二甲幕及氯苯吸收法的20％～30％。     

溶解乙炔站自控系统设计

针对乙炔易燃易爆的性质，以安全可靠和经济实用的原则，设计了溶解乙炔站的自控系统。     

溶解乙炔中乙炔纯度的分析方法比较

随着溶解乙炔应用的不断扩大，乙炔的质量愈加显得重要。由于乙炔中的杂质含量过高会影响乙炔的使用，甚至会带来严重破后果，因此，GB6819－86中要求乙炔纯度（体积分数）＞98％。溶解乙炔纯度的分析方法有溪水法、两酮法、硝酸银溶液法及气相色谱法等，由于分析成本和安全环保等问题，常用的是淡水法和丙酮法。GB6819－86规定乙炔纯度检测用溪水法，同时，标准中允许企业采用丙顿法，但测定结果以澳水法为准。1丙酮法和滨水法测定结果比较丰1而困住回＊共分析技星对u同一样品用汉水法和丙酮法分析表明，丙酸法比溪水法的分析结果平均要…     

溶解乙炔替代产品乙炔—C3气的工业生产

以实验数据为基础，改造原溶解乙炔－Ｃ３气。装置运转近一年表明，改造设计合理，设备运转可靠，产品质量稳定；制造成本较原乙炔下降１０％。     

苯基膦酸在有机溶剂中溶解度的测定及关联

采用本实验室自制的苯基膦酰二氯(DCPPO),在常温下缓慢水解后两次重结晶制得苯基膦酸(PPA),为白色结晶状粉末。通过酸度、质谱、核磁、熔点分析对产物进行了标定。采用滴定法测定了苯基膦酸在丙酮和苯中的溶解度,采用静态平衡法测定了在乙酸乙酯中的溶解度。并且对溶解度和温度进行了关联,回归了溶解度经验方程。     

1-甲基-3-(3-丙磺酸基)咪唑硫酸氢盐在一些溶剂中的溶解度(英文)

Ionic liquid 1-methyl-3-(3-sulfopropyl)-imidazolium hydrogen sulfate ([C3SO3HMIM][HSO4]) was synthesized and characterized by infrared spectroscopy (IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (1H and 13C NMR) and ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectra. Its thermal stability was also examined by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). The mole fraction solubilities of [C3SO3HMIM][HSO4]) in 12 selected solvents (n-pentane, n-hexane, n-heptane, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, acetone, 2-butanone, 3-methyl-2-butanone, tetrahydrofuran, ethyl acetate and dichloromethane) in the temperature range from 289.15 to 363.15 K were measured using a static analytical method and correlated with an empirical equation.     

已二酸溶解度的测定与关联

Using a simple and reliable apparatus, the solubilities of adipic acid in water, ethanol, chloroform, n-butanol and acetone are determined by the analytic method. The results are correlated with λh equation, Apelblat equation, and UNIFAC equation. The solubilities calculated by these models are in good agreement with experimental data, so that the models can meet the requirements of engineering design.     

谷胱甘肽在水-乙醇混合溶剂中的溶解度测定及关联

采用称质量法测定了283.15～313.05 K下谷胱甘肽在不同配比的水-乙醇混合溶剂中的溶解度。实验结果表明,谷胱甘肽的溶解度随乙醇摩尔分数的增加而下降,随温度的升高而逐渐增大。分别用Apelblat简化方程和λh方程对溶解度数据进行关联,结果表明两种模型方程的回归效果均令人满意。利用van’t Hoff方程估算得到谷胱甘肽在水-乙醇中的溶解焓和溶解熵。两者均随乙醇摩尔分数的增加而增大。谷胱甘肽溶解度的测定及关联为其工业结晶过程设计和工艺优化提供理论依据,对工业生产具有重要的指导作用。     

Solubilities of Carbon Dioxide in Polyethylene Glycol Ethers

New extensive data are reported for the solubility of carbon dioxide in fourteen physical solvents, and compared to two other solvents widely used in industry (selexol® and sulfolane). The solubility data are expressed by Henry's law constants and have been measured at 25 °C, 40 °C and 60 °C, using an Autoclave cell. The study concludes that polyethylene glycol dimethyl ethers, and mixtures of these solvents are the best solvents for CO₂ removal.     

乙炔选择加氢催化剂的研究

采用固定床连续流动反应器对12%Ni/CNF、0.5%Pd/CNF、0.5%Pd/α-Al2O33种催化剂上的乙炔加氢反应进行了研究。考察了反应温度、n(H2)/n(C2H2)以及总空速对反应的影响,得到了在n(H2)/n(C2H2)较宽的范围内乙炔加氢为乙烯具有良好选择性的催化剂0.5%Pd/CNF。在50℃,n(H2)/n(C2H2)=23,乙炔空速为106h-1时,乙炔转化率达100%,乙烯收率为64.8%,乙烯选择性为73.8%。     

软钾镁矾在乙醇-水和甲醇-水混合溶剂中的结晶特性

采用湿渣法系统地测定了软钾镁矾在乙醇-水和甲醇-水混合溶剂中的相平衡数据,利用电导率法确定了其在水中的超溶解度及结晶介稳区,考察了温度、搅拌速率和降温速率对介稳区的影响. 结果表明,35℃下,软钾镁矾在两混合溶剂中的溶解度随其中乙醇和甲醇比例增大而减小,当乙醇:水或甲醇:水为1:1(j)时,软钾镁矾溶解度接近0,且相同配比的混合溶剂中,甲醇-水溶液中K2SO4的结晶区比乙醇-水溶液中大;在实验范围内,软钾镁矾的介稳区宽度随降温速率由15℃/h增至35℃/h而由0.40%增至1.48%(w,以软钾镁矾计,下同),随搅拌速率由250 r/min增至460 r/min而由1.54%降至1.04%,随温度由25℃升至35℃而由1.61%降至1.24%.     

不同醇溶剂中氧化锌纳米晶的可控制备

采用液相直接沉淀法,以醋酸锌和氢氧化钠为原料,在醇溶剂体系中成功制备出不同形貌的ZnO纳米晶,使用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和紫外-可见分光光度计(UV-vis)等检测方法对样品进行表征.结果表明,制备的ZnO均为六方纤锌矿结构,形貌受到溶剂种类、反应温度和反应时间等因素影响;在乙醇溶剂中,通过反应温度和反应时间控制可得到分散均匀、形貌均一纳米颗粒或纳米棒,并对不同形貌ZnO的生长机理进行了初步讨论.     

Solubilities of carbon dioxide,hydrogen sulfide and sulfur dioxide in physical solvents

Solubilities expressed by Henry's law constants for carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide and sulfur dioxide in four physical solvents (propylene carbonate, N-formyl morpholine, Selexol, and methyl cyanoacetate) have been measured at several temperatures ranging from 25°C to 70°C, using gas-liquid chromatography. Thermodynamic properties including enthalpies and entropies of solution have been derived from the solubility data.     

Acetylene Hydrogenation on Au-Based Catalysts

Hydrogenation of acetylene has been investigated on Au/TiO₂, Pd/TiO₂ and Au-Pd/TiO₂ catalysts at high acetylene conversion levels. The Au/TiO₂ catalyst (avg. particle size: 4.6 nm) synthesized by the temperature-programmed reduction-oxidation of an Au-phosphine complex on TiO₂ showed a remarkably high selectivity to ethylene formation even at 100% acetylene conversion. Au/TiO₂ prepared by the conventional incipient wet impregnation method (avg. particle size: 30 nm), on the other hand, showed negligible activity for acetylene hydrogenation. Although the Au catalysts showed a high selectivity for ethylene, the acetylene conversion activity and catalyst stability were inferior to the Pd-based catalysts. Au-Pd catalysts prepared by the redox method showed high acetylene conversions as well as high selectivity for ethylene. Interestingly Au-Pd catalysts prepared by depositing Pd via the incipient wetness method on Au/TiO₂ showed very poor selectivity (comparable to mono-metallic Pd catalysts) for ethylene. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) showed that while the redox method produced bimetallic Au-Pd catalysts, the latter method produced individual Pd and Au particles on the support.