金属铟中杂质元素的ICP-AES测定

确定了用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法直接测定金属铟中的铅铁铜锌镉铝锡钛铊砷10种元素的含量．试验中优化出各元素的分析波长和分析条件，采用基体匹配补偿基体效应．该法操作简单，分析快速可靠，回收率为90％～110％，相对标准偏差为2．1％～12．5％．     

川西九龙打枪沟锂铍矿石特征及其铷元素赋存状态和分布规律研究

打枪沟锂铍矿位于四川省甘孜州九龙县乃渠乡新山沟-打枪沟一带,矿体产于石英闪长岩体节理中及三叠系新都桥组黑云石英片岩节理中。矿石中主要矿物为碱性长石、钠长石、石英,含量分别为31.35%、23.75%、30.33%;次要矿物为白云母和锂辉石,含量分别为8.44%、5.17%;另含少量黏土矿物、磷灰石等矿物。矿石中Li₂O品位0.44%,BeO品位为0.082%,伴生Rb₂O的品位为0.20%。本文通过矿石光薄片镜下鉴定、化学分析、电子探针分析以及AMICS矿物自动分析等测试手段,开展打枪沟锂铍矿矿石特征研究,并查明矿石中稀有金属铷元素的赋存状态及分布规律,为今后矿床的勘探、开发以及矿产资源综合利用提供基础参考资料。     

云南昭通氟中毒区煤、烘烤粮食、黏土和饮用水中砷、硒、汞的含量

为探讨昭通氟中毒地区煤和粮食中砷、硒、汞的含量和分布,在昭通镇雄和威信地区系统采集了160个煤、粮食、饮用水等样品,用AFS-820双道原子荧光光度计对样品中的砷、硒、汞含量进行了测定.中毒区晚二叠世龙潭组主采煤层砷含量为8.84 mg/kg.在居民中发现砷含量 89.09 mg/kg的高砷煤.煤中的硒、汞含量较低; 煤层中黄铁矿结核中的硒、汞含量高.中毒区烘烤后的玉米和辣椒全部含有超过国家规定的食品中砷限量卫生标准（0.7 mg/kg）的砷.烘烤后的辣椒中全部含有超过国家规定的食品中硒、汞限量标准,但烘烤后的玉米大多数没有超标;昭通氟中毒区的拌煤黏土大多是高砷土,平均砷含量大于16 mg/kg, 但黏土中硒、汞含量较低.病区饮用水中的砷含量一般低于国家饮用水砷中毒标准,饮用水中硒、汞均低.云南昭通氟中毒区有高砷煤存在,黄铁矿结核和部分亮煤的砷含量高.云南昭通氟中毒地区存在着高砷介质--烘烤后的高砷玉米和辣椒,氟中毒区烘烤粮食中的砷可能来源于煤和拌煤黏土中的砷.     

Distribution of Zinc,Copper, and Iron in the Tailings Dam of an Abandoned Mine in Shimokawa,Hokkaido, Japan

Mine Water and the Environment - This paper addresses the mechanism of acid mine drainage generation in tailings from an abandoned mine site and predicts the evolution of zinc (Zn), copper (Cu),...     

云南昭通氟中毒区煤、土和水中氟的含量与分布

为探讨云南昭通氟中毒地区环境中氟的含量和分布规律以及氟的来源,在昭通镇雄和威信地区采集了160个煤、黄铁矿结核、煤矸石、黏土、玉米、辣椒、饮用水样品,用高温水解-氟离子选择电极法对样品中的氟进行了分析.结果表明：云南昭通氟中毒区晚二叠世龙潭组主采煤层C5煤含氟量低,平均含氟量为77.13 mg/kg;3个典型氟中毒病区民用煤的平均含氟量为72.56 mg/kg,稍低于中国煤炭平均含氟量〖BF〗（82 mg/kg）, 与世界煤的平均值（80 mg/kg）〖BFQ〗接近.中毒区的煤主要为低氟煤,煤中的氟与灰分关系较为密切.中毒区的拌煤黏土中氟含量一般在367～2 435 mg/kg, 但以含氟量超过600 mg/kg的高氟拌煤黏土为主,平均含氟量为1 084.2 mg/kg.氟中毒区饮用水的含氟量一般低于0.35 mg/L,低于国家饮用水的要求(1.0 mg/L).     

Contents of Al,Cu, Fe,and Mo in Phalaris aquatica and Trifolium subterraneum grown on an unamended and amended gold-mine tailings-storage facility in central-western New South Wales,Australia

Phalaris aquatica and Trifolium subterraneum grown on a tailings-storage facility (control) and tailings-storage treated with either topsoil or biosolids in a gold–copper mine were analysed for Al, Cu, Fe, and Mo contents. Soil samples from the treatments were also tested for these metals and soil properties. Results indicated that higher levels of metals occurred in T. subterraneum than in P. aquatica; metal contents in both taxa were significantly greater in the control, and higher metal contents occurred in plants tested in May 2008 (autumn) compared with October 2008 (spring). A strong relationship existed between Cu, Fe, and Mo contents in T. subterraneum and Al content in the tested soils. A significant relationship was also observed between Al content in T. subterraneum and K, Na, and SO₄ levels in the soils. We recommend that tailings soil be amended with either topsoil or biosolids before grazing livestock to reduce the risk of either mineral deficiencies or toxicities.     

江西井冈山市乌石头山滑坡形成机制及稳定性研究

采用定性和定量相结合的方式对乌石头山滑坡进行了研究。研究结果表明:乌石头山滑坡为小型牵引式土质滑坡,滑坡的产生主要与滑坡体的岩土体性质、滑坡处的地质环境条件(地形、地貌、降雨)及人工活动有关。对滑坡进行定量计算分析可知:自重工况下,坡体稳定系数1.44(>1.15),处于较为稳定状态;自重+暴雨工况下,坡体稳定系数1.03(<1.15),处于欠稳定状态,极端条件下坡体可能再次发生滑坡。     

浸提法去除铁尾矿中重金属Pb、Zn、Cu、Cr和Ni的研究

本文以铁尾矿为研究对象,以草酸和EDTA-2Na作为浸提剂对铁尾矿中的Pb、Zn、Cu、Cr和Ni进行震荡浸提实验,研究不同浸提液浓度、液固比和震荡时间对重金属去除效果的影响,并对浸提前后重金属形态的变化进行分析,探讨了浸出含量与重金属形态的相关性。结果表明,Pb、Cu、Cr在草酸浓度分别为250、100、200 mmol/L时去除率达到最高,分别为19.9%、43.9%、4.2%;Zn和Ni在EDTA-2Na浓度分别为100、200 mmol/L时去除效果最好,去除率分别为33.2%和39.4%。草酸浸提过程中,Cu和Pb的去除率随震荡时间的增加逐渐提高,Zn、Ni和Cr的去除率在120 min后基本趋于稳定。EDTA-2Na对重金属的去除率随震荡时间的延长变化不大,当震荡时间为60 min时基本趋于稳定。当液固比为30∶1时,草酸和EDTA-2Na对重金属的去除效果相对较好。对草酸浸提前后重金属的形态进行分析,发现浸提不仅能够有效去除重金属的易迁移形态,还能使重金属形态发生迁移转化。相关性分析发现重金属浸出含量与可交换态和碳酸盐结合态的相关系数分别为0.930^*和0.996^**。浸提后铁尾矿中重金属的可交换态和碳酸盐结合态比例降低,残渣态、铁锰氧化物结合态和有机结合态比例增加,提高了铁尾矿在环境中的稳定性,降低了其污染环境的风险,为铁尾矿的无害化提供了新的思路和理论依据。     

江西兴国水沟村滑坡特征、成因及稳定性分析

采用定性与定量相结合的分析方法进行研究,定性分析了水沟村滑坡的形成条件、发育特点等,定量分析了其稳定性。研究结果表明:水沟村滑坡为小型牵引式土质滑坡,其形成受岩土性质、降雨因素及人为因素三者共同影响;通过对滑坡进行定量分析可知,在自重工况下滑坡稳定系数为1.83(1.15),整体处于稳定状态;在自重+暴雨工况下滑坡稳定系数为1.03,斜坡处于欠稳定状态,故可能在暴雨冲刷下再次发生滑坡。研究成果对认识和研究此类滑坡具有重要的科学意义,可以为今后指导防灾和减灾提供参考。     

浅析青海赛什塘铜矿区三级矿量管理

阐述青海省赛什塘铜矿山开采过程中三级矿量的变动,分析三级矿量管理中存在的问题,提出保持三级矿量平衡的举措。     

河北承德寿王坟古铜矿冶遗址考察

介绍河北省承德市兴隆县寿王坟古代炼铜遗址的考察情况.在先前寿王坟地区古代矿冶遗迹调查基础之上,2004～2006年,调查发现了大南梁等七处新的古代矿冶遗址,确认大南梁等遗址年代为战国-汉代,并在寿王坟镇郑家庄村古洞沟遗址发现一批采矿石器,数量较大,应予以深入分析研究.     

企业改革中“产业”“组织”“机制”等问题研究

介绍了企业中产业、组织和机制的基本内涵及其在企业中的功能定位,在此基础上指出,推进产业结构调整升级和战略布局过程中,必须相应配置企业组织管理体制变革和运营机制创新做支撑保障,研究和把握产业、组织和机制三者之间相互动态化匹配的规律,从而推动煤炭企业转型升级高质量发展。     

FAAS连续测定进口铁矿中的钾钠铜锌铅

对标准分析方法中的K、Na、Cu、Zn、Pb分开测定改进为混合测定,采用盐酸-氢氟酸-高氯酸-硝酸一次性溶样,应用空气-乙炔火焰原子吸收光谱法连续测定进口高品位铁矿中5种元素含量。该方法准确、可靠、有实用价值。     

Distribution of Metals in Water and Bed Sediment in a Mineral-Rich Watershed, Montana, USA

We sampled the Blackfoot River (Montana) and its major tributaries from the headwaters of the basin to near its confluence with the Clark Fork River over the course of 5 days in August 1998. We measured streamflow, collected fine-grained (<63 μm) streambed sediment, and sampled the dissolved (operationally defined as < 0.2 μm) phase of the surface water using clean techniques. Water and sediment collected from near the historic Heddleston mining district contained the highest concentrations of most trace elements in the basin. Many solute trace metals were at their highest several kilometers downstream from the mining district, where the river flows through an unremediated marsh system that has collected mine wastes in the past. Downstream on the headwaters area, water and bed sediment metal concentrations dclined sharply. Comparison of sediment samples with those collected by other workers in August 1989 and August 1995 do not show evidence of basin-scale long term changes, despite the onset of remediation efforts in 1993. The area of the proposed McDonald gold deposit near the confluence of the Landers Fork with the Blackfoot River was not contributing anomalous concentrations of naturally-occurring dissolved and bed-sediment metals into the basin.     

Hydrogeochemistry,Elemental Flux,and Quality Assessment of Mine Water in the Pootkee-Balihari Mining Area,Jharia Coalfield,India

Ninety nine mine water discharge samples were collected and analyzed for pH, electrical conductivity (EC), major cations, anions, and trace metals in the Pootkee-Balihari coal mining area of the Jharia coalfield. The mines of the area annually discharge 34.80 × 10⁶ m³ of mine water and 39,099 t of solute loads. The pH of the analyzed mine waters ranged from 6.97 to 8.62. EC values ranged from 711 μS cm⁻¹ to 1862 μS cm⁻¹, and reflect variations in lithology, geochemical processes, and hydrological regimes in the mines. The cation and anion chemistry indicate the general ionic abundance as: Mg²⁺ > Ca²⁺ > Na⁺ > K⁺ and HCO₃ ⁻ > SO₄ ²⁻ > Cl⁻ > NO₃ ⁻ > F⁻, respectively. Elevated SO₄ ²⁻ concentrations in the Gopalichuck, Kendwadih, and Kachhi-Balihari mine waters are attributed to pyrite weathering. The water quality assessment indicated that TDS, hardness, Mg²⁺, and SO₄ ²⁻ are the major parameters of concern in the study area. Except for Fe, all of the measured metals in the mine water were well within the levels recommended for drinking water. With only a few exceptions, the mine water is of good to permissible quality and suitable for irrigation.     

Groundwater Geochemical Variation and Controls in Coal Seams and Overlying Strata in the Shennan Mining Area,Shaanxi, China

Water resource conservation and ecological protection are key coal mining issues in northern Shaanxi Province and the Yellow River Basin. Revealing the characteristics and variation patterns of groundwater quality in the coal series and its overlying aquifers can provide a geological foundation for solving or optimizing these issues. Taking the Zhangjiamao coal mine of the Shennan mining area in northern Shaanxi Province, western China, as an example, water samples were collected for analysis from the: quaternary strata, weathered bedrock, burnt rock, coal series, and coal seam. Test parameters included conventional ion concentrations, total dissolved solids (TDS), and pH. Key water chemistry indicators such as oxidation/reduction index (ORI) and groundwater chemical closure index (GCCI) were used to explain the water quality differences. The Quaternary water, burnt rock water, and weathered bedrock water were dominantly the Ca–HCO₃ type, the coal series water (Yan’an Formation) was dominantly Ca–HCO₃ and Na–Cl types, and the coal seam water was dominantly Na–Cl type. From the shallow groundwater to coal seam water, dissolution and leaching gradually decrease and degree of retention gradually increases. Coal seam water was characterized by high TDS, high GCCI, and low ORI, reflecting a closed hydrogeochemical environment and moderate sulfate reduction. Leaching, salt accumulation, sulfate reduction, and cation exchange jointly control the groundwater chemical characteristics and evolution of the coal series and its overlying aquifers. Salt accumulation and cation exchange reactions of the stagnant coal seam water in the arid and semiarid climates and shallow buried conditions result in increased mineralization; the water quality is vastly different from that of the overlying aquifers, which are dominated by leaching. Groundwater circulation in the coal series and coal seam are of the infiltration–retention type, and the overlying aquifer of the coal series are of the infiltration–runoff type. A comprehensive hydrogeological model was constructed of the Middle Jurassic coal series and its overlying aquifers in the area. The results of this study have implications for the identification of mine water influx sources in the Shennan mining area, and the understanding of controls on the groundwater geochemical variation in Jurassic coal field of western China.

     

金属铟中杂质元素的ICP-AES测定

确定了用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法直接测定金属铟中的铅铁铜锌镉铝锡钛铊砷10种元素的含量.试验中优化出各元素的分析波长和分析条件,采用基体匹配补偿基体效应.该法操作简单,分析快速可靠,回收率为90%～110%,相对标准偏差为2.1%～12.5%.     

中国主要炼焦煤矿区的储量、产量和利用

阐述了中国炼焦煤资源的地区和煤种的分布以及冶炼精煤的分配使用情况,发现中国的炼焦煤资源主要分布在山西省,其次是河北、安徽、山东、黑龙江和河南、贵州等省。冶炼精煤主要供国内钢铁厂及焦化厂配煤炼焦使用。     

重要岩矿产地地质遗迹调查评价与保护利用

重要岩矿产地是基础地质类地质遗迹,全国地质遗迹调查结果共计查明重要岩矿产地地质遗迹点528处,其中典型矿床露头302处,典型矿物岩石命名地46处,矿业遗址143处,陨石坑和陨石体6处。根据重要岩矿产地地质遗迹评价指标和评价标准的综合评价,包括世界级16处,国家级185处,省级311处,基本查明了全国重要岩矿产地资源现状。虽然多部门在重要岩矿产地地质遗迹保护和利用方面,已经采取了建立包括世界地质公园、国家地质公园、国家矿山公园、国家工业遗产、重点文物保护单位等多种保护方式,对重要矿产地地质遗迹起到了一定的保护作用,但是也暴露出了很多的问题。鉴于前期的调查工作,有必要建立系统的重要岩矿产地地质遗迹调查与评价系统,建立管理网络,开展全国重要岩矿产地地质遗迹的全面系统调查,为重要岩矿产地的保护和利用提供保障。     

Assessment of Hydrogeochemical Processes and Mine Water Suitability for Domestic,Irrigation, and Industrial Purposes in East Bokaro Coalfield,India

Mine water samples collected from the East Bokaro coalfield were analysed to assess suitability for domestic, irrigation, and industrial purposes. The pH of the samples ranged from 6.78 to 8.11 in the pre-monsoon season, 5.89–8.51 during the monsoon season, and 6.95–8.48 in the post-monsoon season. The anion chemistry was dominated by HCO₃^? and SO₄^2?, with minor amounts of Cl^?, NO₃^? and F^?. The Fe concentrations exceeded the maximum permissible limit of the BIS drinking water standard in about 44% of the collected samples. Turbidity, TDS, Fe, total hardness (TH), SO₄^2?, and Mg²⁺ also sometimes exceeded drinking water limits. The TDS, TH and SO₄^2? concentrations of the mine water makes it unsuitable for domestic purposes or for industrial use; high values of %Na, SAR, RSC, and Mg-hazard at certain sites restrict its suitability for agricultural use.