连续炭纤维增强ABS界面性能研究

选用国产的连续炭纤维长丝与ABS树脂分别采用常规共混法、薄膜层叠法、溶液浸渍法三种工艺制备了连续炭纤维增强ABS热塑性树脂复合材料。通过对复合材料的力学性能、热性能、动态黏弹性及微观形貌的研究,分析了ABS热塑性树脂基复合材料的制备工艺对界面性能的影响。结果表明:不同制备工艺中复合材料随炭纤维含量的增加其各项力学性能都不断提高,当炭纤维含量为60%(质量分数)时力学性能达到最高,但不同制备工艺导致复合材料界面性能差异较大,影响其力学性能的增幅。溶液浸渍法制备的复合材料树脂对炭纤维的浸润性良好,其最大拉伸强度和层间剪切强度分别达到1100MPa和71MPa,较常规共混法复合材料性能提高约80%;其损耗角正切仅为常规共混法复合材料的40%;界面性能提高使复合材料的耐热性能提高。     

基于碳纤维表面修饰制备碳纤维织物增强聚苯硫醚(CFF/PPS)热塑性复合材料

碳纤维织物增强聚苯硫醚(CFF/PPS)复合材料是重要的热塑性航空复合材料,其难点为提高碳纤维(CF)与基体的浸润性及界面强度。探讨了CF表面修饰对CFF/PPS界面结合强度的影响,对比了热处理去浆及三种表面修饰剂对碳纤维单丝及CFF/PPS复合材料的改性效果。采用X射线光电子能谱分析(XPS)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、单丝强度测试、复合材料静力学测试和动态力学分析等手段对CF表面修饰效果进行评价,建立了基于CF表面修饰制备高性能CFF/PPS热塑性航空复合材料的方法。制备的复合材料层间剪切强度达91.4MPa,弯曲强度953.7MPa,拉伸强度797.4MPa,模量68.4GPa,冲击强度58.3kJ/m2,用SEM观察到CF表面包覆大量PPS树脂。     

碳纤维织物增强聚苯硫醚复合材料的制备及性能

采用薄膜叠压法制备碳纤维织物增强聚苯硫醚(CFF/PPS)复合材料层压板,研究了热压温度、热压压力和热压时间对复合材料层压板力学性能的影响,确定了制备CFF/PPS复合材料的理想工艺参数为:热压温度320～330℃,热压压力0.15～0.20MPa,热压时间8～10min。在该参数下制得的层压板拉伸强度为652MPa,弯曲强度为711MPa,层间剪切强度为43MPa;在6.7J/mm的冲击能量下,层压板的冲击后压缩剩余强度为116MPa。     

A Mathematical Model for Continuous Fiber Reinforced Thermoplastic Composite in Melt Impregnation

Through the combination of Reynolds equation and Darcy’s law, a mathematical model was established to calculate the pressure distribution in wedge area, which contributed to the forecast effect of processing parameters on impregnation degree of the fiber bundle. The experiments were conducted to verify the capacity of the proposed model with satisfactory results, which means that the model is effective in predicting the influence of processing parameters on impregnation. From the mathematical model, it was known that the impregnation degree of the fiber bundle would be improved by increasing the processing temperature, number and radius of pins, or decreasing the pulling speed and the center distance of pins, which provided a possible solution to the difficulty of melt with high viscosity in melt impregnation and optimization of impregnation processing.     

形状记忆纤维增强复合材料的制备与性能研究

以具有形状记忆特性的改性环氧树脂为基体,通过对其进行纤维增强,制备了一种具有形状记忆特性的炭纤维复合材料.动态机械力学分析(DMA)结果表明,材料具有两个玻璃化转变温度,分别是132℃和223℃.材料的热变形温度确定为两个玻璃化转变温度之间,150℃.在此温度下,可实现材料的变形与回复.材料的形状记忆固定率和形状回复率...     

连续炭纤维增强受电弓滑板致密化及其性能

滑动受流条件下,树脂基滑板材料的温升会影响滑板使用的稳定性。采用炭化-液相浸渍法对滑板进行热稳定性及致密化处理,系统分析了热处理前后滑板性能的变化,并对致密化效果进行评价,利用磨损表面扫描图像分析摩擦磨损机理。结果表明:经过800℃热处理后,滑板的耐温性提高;热处理及浸渍后,受电弓滑板试样电阻率明显减小,热处理之后电阻率降低约100%;冲击强度降低,摩擦因数增大,体积磨损量增加;经过4次致密化处理后,滑板的气孔率下降约45%;冲击性能和摩擦磨损性能有所提高;未热处理的受电弓滑板在摩擦过程中主要的机械磨损形式是磨粒磨损和黏着磨损;热处理后磨粒磨损是主要磨损形式。     

碳纳米管-玻璃纤维织物增强环氧复合材料的结构与性能

通过物理沉积法和静电吸附法在玻璃纤维织物(GF)表面包覆多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs),制备GF-d-CNTs和GF-a-CNTs两种多尺度增强体,采用真空灌注工艺制备MWCNTs-GF增强环氧复合材料。采用静态、动态力学法、扫描电镜、红外光谱等分析手段,对复合材料的拉伸、弯曲、层间剪切、黏弹性和微观组成结构表征。结果表明:MWCNTs包覆于GF表面形成"倒刺"结构,并通过啮合作用增强了复合材料界面的强度和树脂韧性,提高了复合材料的玻璃化温度(Tg)等;与纯GF复合材料相比,GF-d-CNTs复合材料的拉伸强度和模量分别提高14.5%和37.9%,弯曲强度和模量分别提高26.2%和36.6%,层间剪切强度提高31.5%;GF-a-CNTs复合材料的Tg提高了8.9℃。     

热塑性聚氨酯弹性体的合成及其性能表征

聚氨酯具有优异的性能且应用广泛，本文由4，4’-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯（MDI）、相对分子质量为2000的聚四亚甲基醚二醇（盯MG）和1，4-丁二醇（BDO）通过两步法合成了一种热塑性聚氨酯弹性体，并实验测定其反应温度为80℃，预聚时间为1h。扩链时间为30h；其拉伸强度为25．6MPa，断裂伸长率为610％，邵A硬度为82，达到了拜耳样品的力学要求。合成样品有着优异的耐酸碱性、耐水解性和耐高低温性等。利用TG与DMA表征其使用温度，发现合成样品使用温度范围很宽，初始分解温度在300℃左右。     

Measurement of the Flexural Modulus of Chopped Carbon Fiber Tape Reinforced Thermoplastic with Short Beams

Applied Composite Materials - Increasing application scenarios of fiber reinforced composites pose more requirements for methodology of evaluating the material characteristics. Conventional...     

官能团化碳纤维/热塑性聚氨酯复合泡沫材料的制备及力学性能

采用浓H_3PO_4/浓HNO_3混酸体系对碳纤维(CF)表面进行预处理得到酸化碳纤维,再利用二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)与酸化碳纤维发生接枝反应,制得官能团化碳纤维(MCF)。将其与热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)熔融共混得到MCF/TPU复合泡沫材料。利用红外光谱、X射线光电子能谱、X射线衍射、拉曼光谱和场发射扫描电镜等表征了纤维接枝改性效果和复合材料结构及断面形貌。结果表明,化学接枝使得纤维表面官能团化,并且接枝改性增加了纤维表面的粗糙度及无序程度。从而成功地改善了纤维和TPU基体的界面粘合力和相容性。力学性能分析表明,相比接枝前的CF,MCF可明显提高复合泡沫材料的力学性能,当纤维添加量为3%时,较改性前拉伸强度提高了16.1%,断裂伸长率提高了18.5%,撕裂强度提升了3.2%,回弹性提高了6.7%,压缩永久变形降低了6.9%。     

Thermo-physical Properties of Continuous Carbon Fiber Reinforced Copper Matrix Composites

Continuous carbon fiber reinforced copper matrix composites with 70％(volume fraction)of carbon fibers prepared by squeeze casting technique have been used for investigation of the coefficient of thermal expansion(CTE)and thermal conductivity．Thermo-physical properties have been measured in both, longitudinal and transversal directions to the fiber orientation．The results showed that Cf／Cu composites may be a suitable candidate for heat sinks because of its good thermo-physical properties e．g．the low CTE(4.18×10-6／K)in longitudinal orientation and(14．98×10-6／K)in transversal orientation at the range of 20-50℃，a good thermal conductivity(87．2 W／m·K)in longitudinal orientation and(58．2 W／m·K)in transversal orientation．Measured CTE and thermal conductivity values are compared with those predicted by several well-known models．Eshelby model gave better results for prediction of the CTE and thermal conductivity of the unidirectional composites．     

热塑性含氟聚氨酯弹性体的制备与性能

以聚酯多元醇、4,4′-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)和六氟双酚A为原料,采用一步法合成了一系列热塑性含氟聚氨酯弹性体(F-TPU),采用红外光谱(FT-IR)、凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)、动态力学分析(DMA)、原子力显微镜(AFM)等分析方法对其组成和结构进行了表征,研究了聚氨酯分子结构参数与其力学性能关系。结果表明,所制备的F-TPU具有较高分子量、力学性能及阻尼性能,由于氟元素的引入使其表面张力相对TPU降低,并存在明显的软硬段微相分离结构。     

Thermoplastic Composites Reinforced with Textile Grids: Development of a Manufacturing Chain and Experimental Characterisation

A significant improvement in the properties of plastic components can be achieved by introducing flexible multiaxial textile grids as reinforcement. This reinforcing concept is based on the layerwise bonding of biaxially or multiaxially oriented, completely stretched filaments of high-performance fibers, e.g. glass or carbon, and thermoplastic components, using modified warp knitting techniques. Such pre-consolidated grid-like textiles are particularly suitable for use in injection moulding, since the grid geometry is very robust with respect to flow pressure and temperature on the one hand and possesses an adjustable spacing to enable a complete filling of the mould cavity on the other hand. The development of pre-consolidated textile grids and their further processing into composites form the basis for providing tailored parts with a large number of additional integrated functions like fibrous sensors or electroconductive fibres. Composites reinforced in that way allow new product groups for promising lightweight structures to be opened up in future. The article describes the manufacturing process of this new composite class and their variability regarding reinforcement and function integration. An experimentally based study of the mechanical properties is performed. For this purpose, quasi-static and highly dynamic tensile tests have been carried out as well as impact penetration experiments. The reinforcing potential of the multiaxial grids is demonstrated by means of evaluating drop tower experiments on automotive components. It has been shown that the load-adapted reinforcement enables a significant local or global improvement of the properties of plastic components depending on industrial requirements.     

短碳纤维增强碳化硅基复合材料的制备与力学性能

利用注浆成型结合反应烧结的方法制备了高强度短碳纤维增强碳化硅基复合材料, 研究了分散剂(四甲基氢氧化铵)的含量和混料时间对浆料粘度的影响; 短碳纤维的体积分数、碳化硅粉的粒径对复合材料微观结构和力学性能的影响。结果表明, 添加0.1wt%的四甲基氢氧化铵得到的浆料粘度最低, 混料时间控制在6 h为佳。添加35vol%短碳纤维的复合材料的弯曲强度达到(412±47) MPa。由5 μm粒径碳化硅粉制备的复合材料的力学性能最佳, 其弯曲强度可达(387±40) MPa。将5与50 μm粒径的碳化硅粉进行2 : 1混合后得到的复合材料的力学性能优异, 弯曲强度可达(357±41) MPa。     

Manufacturing and Process-based Property Analysis of Textile-Reinforced Thermoplastic Spacer Composites

Novel woven spacer fabrics based on hybrid yarns are suitable for an efficient fabrication of three-dimensional composite structures in high volume production. In this paper, an innovative manufacturing process with short cycle times and high automatisation is introduced for textile-reinforced thermoplastic spacer structures suited for bending load cases. The different process steps hybrid yarn fabrication, weaving technology for three-dimensional textile preforms and consolidation with unique kinematics and hot pressing technology are described in detail. The bending properties of the manufactured spacer structures are evaluated by means of experiments as well as finite element simulations. Numerical parametric studies are performed in order to validate the influence of manufacturing tolerances on the bending stiffness of the spacer structures.     

碳纳米管/连续纤维增强树脂基复合材料力学性能设计

本文综述了碳纳米管/连续纤维增强树脂基复合材料力学性能影响因素,同时对目前公开发表的几种预测碳纳米管/连续纤维增强复合材料模量及破坏强度的分析方法进行了介绍与分析。最后,对今后研究动向进行了展望。     

电镀镍碳纤维增强铝基复合材料

提出一种碳纤维表面电镀镍的方法,通过正交实验优化了电镀镍配方及工艺条件,并研究了镀层的显微组织及镀液的成分、电流密度、电镀时间等工艺条件对沉镍速率和镀层质量的影响,并探讨了沉镍机理.用镀镍碳纤维制备铝基复合材料,观测碳纤维与铝的复合效果.     

连续纤维增韧陶瓷基复合材料的内耗机制与损伤表征

总结了连续纤维增韧陶瓷基复合材料(CFCC)的内耗机制,回顾了有关内耗与损伤行为之间关系的研究成果,并以此为据提出了以内耗表征CFCC环境腐蚀行为的方法。结合笔者关于CFCC腐蚀行为对其内耗行为影响的探索性研究,证实该方法可行,尤其是对纤维和纤维/基体之间界面的氧化行为表现出高度的敏感性。