光互联网体系结构及其关键技术

光互联网络的典型特征是高速宽带、灵活可控、资源高效利用。光突发交换（OBS）结合了光电路交换和光分组交换的优点,又克服了二者的不足,将成为下一代光互联网的一种典型的核心支撑技术。文章分析和讨论了OBS网络增强型通用多协议标记交换（GMPLS）控制面技术、多粒度光交换技术,以及光网络节点结构模型、波长资源预留与调度机制、竞争解决机制、OBS网络故障监测技术等关键技术;还分析和讨论了下一代光互联网络的光虚拟专用网（OVPN）关键技术问题。文章指出为了增强目前光网络在资源分配、服务发现、服务质量保障等方面缺乏与上层IP网络的协同支持,需要对网络控制面体系结构、流量工程和业务管理等方面加强研究。     

光突发包交换关键技术概述

光突发包交换(OBS)技术是近年来出现的一种新型光交换技术，它结合了波长路由和光分组交换的优点，是一种未来一段时间内交换网络比较理想的过渡方案，为此介绍了OBS的基本原理，讨论了OBS中偏置时间的设置和交换信道的调度等关键技术，并就OBS的特点及仍需解决的问题作了总结。     

光突发交换中的一种OAM方案

本文介绍了光突发交换（OBS）网络中的一种操作维护管理（OAM）方案，包括这种OAM方案的结构、功能、分组过程和分组格式。此方案可以实现光通道连接顺畅，并可检查OBS网络状态和突发包的功能。     

混合光突发交换网络的研究

提出了一种新的混合光突发交换（HOBS）网络，并且使用环网对网络进行了仿真比较研究。仿真结果表明HOBS的丢包率远低于OBS，并且下降的程度决定于拆分比例、缓存的大小以及节点的处理速率等参数。     

光突发交换资源预留过程分析和排队模型

光突发交换集合了光电路交换和光分组交换的优点。资源预留过程对OBS至关重要。本文讨论分析了OBS资派预留的重要参数以及它们对资源预留性能的影响，并用排队论的模型详细研究了资源预留过程。     

采用光突发交换技术组建动态光虚拟专用网

光突发交换是光路交换和光分组交换的一个有效折衷方案，避免了两者的缺点，能很好的适应未来业务量爆炸式增长及业务的多样性和多变性的要求。光虚拟专用网业务使得企业能够在公网内部灵活地组建自己的网络拓扑，避免支出建设专用网络的学生费用，同时使得运营商优化带宽的利用率，通过较少的投资获得更多的商业机会从而增加收入，把OBS技术应用于OVPN网络将使其具有更大的灵活性，安全性和可扩展性。这里介绍了OBS原理和功能，阐述了OVPN体系结构及参考模型，对采用OBS技术组建动态OVPN进行了探讨性研究。     

光突发交换网络中冲突解决方法研究

光突发交换（OBS）网络被认为是下一代光因特网的典型代表,其中,光突发数据包在节点的竞争问题是OBS网络中需要解决的关键问题之一。该文重点研究了突发数据包之间因争夺链路资源而导致冲突的四种竞争解决方案：波长转换、光缓存、偏射路由和突发包分割,并分析了它们的优缺点。在此基础上,提出了OBS网络中冲突解决方法的发展趋势——...     

光突发交换网络的生存性及保护恢复

光突发交换(OBS)是很有前途的一种光交换方式,其中的保护恢复策略增强了网络的生存性.介绍了OBS的原理、OBS中的保护和恢复机制及其特点,对OBS网络的保护恢复提出了一些技术要求,这有助于OBS网络生存性的真正实现.     

基于GMPLS的光突发交换网络的研究

文章基于通用多协议标签交换(GMPLS)的光突发交换(OBS)网络的体系结构,研究了如何将GMPLS引入OBS,并使两者能够高效协调地工作.重点讨论了GMPLS与OBS技术相结合的网络(GMPLS-based OBS)的各种关键技术和解决机制.特别在处理突发数据包(BDP)冲突竞争机制上提出了新的方法.最后,指出了GMPLS-based OBS进一步研究的方向.     

光突发交换网络组装业务相关性研究

光突发交换(OBS)技术是构筑下一代光因特网的一种很有前途的交换技术。OBS网络中，突发由分组组装会聚得到，是OBS传输的基本单位，突发如何影响网络的性能是个很重要的问题。本文研究轻业务负载下，输入业务为自相似业务时，组装业务的相关性结构。理论分析和仿真结果都证明了此时组装业务的相关性结构保持不变。     

Hybrid switching and p-routing for optical burst switching networks

One promising switching technology for wavelength-division multiplexing optical networks is optical burst switching (OBS). However, there are major deficiencies of OBS. (1) The delay offset between a control message and its corresponding data burst is based on the diameter of a network. This affects network efficiency, quality-of-service, and network scalability.( 2) OBS adopts one-way resource reservation scheme, which causes frequent burst collision and, thus, burst loss. We address the above two important issues in OBS. In particular, we study how to improve the performance of delay and loss in OBS. To reduce the end-to-end delay, we propose a hybrid switching scheme. The hybrid switching is a combination of lightpath switching and OBS switching. A virtual topology design algorithm based on simulated annealing to minimize the longest shortest path through the virtual topology is presented. To minimize burst collision and loss, we propose a new routing algorithm, namely, p-routing, for OBS network. The p-routing is based on the wavelength available probability. A path that has higher available probability is less likely to drop bursts due to collision. The probability-based p-routing can reduce the volatility, randomness, and uncertainty of one-way resource reservation. Our studies show that hybrid switching and p-routing are complementary and both can dramatically improve the performance of OBS networks.     

Scalable performance evaluation of a hybrid optical switch

This paper provides new loss models for a hybrid optical switch (HOS) combining optical circuit switching (OCS) and optical burst switching (OBS). Exact blocking probabilities are computed when 1) no priority is given to either circuits or bursts and 2) circuits are given preemptive priority over bursts. Because it is difficult to exactly compute in realistic scenarios, computationally scalable approximations are derived for the blocking probability. The sensitivity of the analytical results to burst length and circuit holding-time distributions is quantified by simulation. It is demonstrated how the proposed approximations can be used for multiplexing-gain evaluation of a hybrid switch. In addition, the extension of the proposed single-node model to a network model composed of OCS, OBS, and hybrid switches is outlined.     

The study of QoS guarantee in the optical burst switching internet backbone

Optical switching technology can be categorized into optical circuit switching (OCS), optical packet switching (OPS) and optical burst switching (OBS). OCS is suitable for large amounts of data transmission; however, the channel utilization is inefficient when the traffic flows are intermittent. OPS can be easily adapted to any higher layer and is suitable for bursty traffic, but it requires a highly complex technology and optical buffer. The new switching paradigm, OBS, can provide higher bandwidth utilization and meanwhile avoid the complexity in OPS technology.In this paper, we investigate how the quality of service (QoS) can be guaranteed and reliable transmission can be supported in the OBS-based Internet backbone. We propose the adjustable-time-counter-based (ATCB) burst assembly and the non-real time packet retransmission mechanisms and apply them in the ingress router of the OBS Internet backbone to guarantee the quality of real time applications and lossless requirement of non-real time services. Moreover, traffic shaped is performed for real time packets in the egress router so that the real time property is preserved with a low jitter. Simulation results show that the burst blocking probability using the ATCB burst assembly is improved, compared with the time-counter-based (TCB) and burst-length-threshold-based (BLTB) mechanisms. The delay, loss and jitter of real time service conform to the QoS requirement. Meanwhile, the delay of non-real time service also falls in the acceptable range.     

Optical burst switching for service differentiation in thenext-generation optical Internet

In an effort to eliminate the electronic bottleneck, new optical switches/routers (hardware) are being built for the next-generation optical Internet where IP runs over an all-optical WDM layer. However, important issues yet to be addressed in terms of protocols (software) are how to develop a new paradigm that does not require any buffer at the WDM layer, as in circuit switching, and elimination of any layers between which exist mainly due to historical reasons. At the same time, such a paradigm should also efficiently support bursty traffic with high resource utilization as in packet switching. This article surveys design issues related to a new switching paradigm called optical burst switching, which achieves a balance between circuit and packet switching while avoiding their shortcomings. We describe how OBS can be applied to the next-generation optical Internet, and in particular how offset times and delayed reservation can help avoid the use of buffer, and support quality of service at the WDM layer     

光突发交换网络中新型减小竞争冲突方案

光突发交换是下一代光网络中的有效核心交换技术之一,在光突发交换网络中数据突发的调度是影响交换性能的重要因素,如何有效地对数据突发进行合理调度,以减小丢包率正是关键问题所在.采用在波长域业务整形与边缘节点延迟调度相结合的方法对数据突发进行调度,与LAUC-VF算法进行仿真对比分析,该方法能有效地降低突发包丢失率.     

光突发交换中的突发包组装技术研究

光突发交换是近几年出现的一种很有前途的光交换技术，比电路交换灵活，带宽利用率高，又比光分组交换易于实现，突发包的组装是光突发交换的关键技术，在很大程度上影响到光突发交换网络的性能。文中介绍了光突发包的格式，描述了交换网络中突发包组装所需的层次结构和功能结构，并给出了一种典型的生成算法。最后，对选择突发包组装时间应考虑的各种因素进行了系统的分析。     

Performance analysis of optical composite burst switching

In this letter, we introduce a queueing model to study the performance enhancement in a so-called optical composite burst switching network (OCBS). Based on our model, we develop a simple analytical method to calculate the packet loss probability and we provide numerical results to compare the performance of OCBS versus the traditional optical burst switching (OBS) technique. We then provide explanations for the performance improvement of OCBS over that of OBS.     

OBS网络中基于扩展Benes矩阵的节点串扰分析

光突发交换(OBS)的提出,一定程度上满足了对高速业务的需求,但由于交换结构中光路器件自身的特性以及信号的相互作用,其内部存在严重的串扰问题,阻碍了通信的进行,极大地限制了光突发交换的性能。为了进一步研究OBS光网络节点结构中的串扰问题,仿真模拟了OBS网络中基于扩展Benes光交换矩阵的节点串扰情况,证明了OBS网络节点结构中,光交换矩阵本身、输入输出光纤数和每根光纤中的复用波长数都会不同程度的引起串扰的变化,从而影响整个光通信网络的质量。     

A framework for optical burst switching network design

We analyze optical burst switching (OBS) systems. The analysis leads to a framework which provides guidelines for OBS design. We identify conditions for OBS feasibility and the relationship between burst size, or equivalently burst assembly delay, and throughput, taking into consideration control packet processing and the number of available wavelengths per fiber