Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Potentials of Essential Oil and Acetone Extract of Myristica fragrans Houtt. (Aril Part)

ABSTRACT: The antifungal, antibacterial, and antioxidant potentials of essential oil and acetone extract were carried out by different techniques. In poison food medium method, the essential oil showed complete zones of inhibition against Fusarium graminearum at the all tested doses. For other tested fungi and bacteria, they gave good to moderate zone inhibition. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by measuring peroxide, thiobarbituric acid and total carbonyl values of rapeseed oil at fixed time intervals. Both the extract and essential oil showed strong antioxidant activity in comparison with butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). In addition, their inhibitory action in linoleic acid system was studied by monitoring peroxide concentration in emulsion during incubation. The results were well correlated with above values. Their radical scavenging capacity was carried out on 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydracyl (DPPH) radicalm, and they showed strong scavenging activity in comparison with synthetic antioxidants. Their reducing power was also determined, which also proved strong antioxidant capacity of essential oil and extract. Gas chromatographic-mass spectroscopy studies on essential oil resulted in the identification of 49 components representing 96.49% of the total amount, and the major component was sabinene (20.22%), followed by terpinen-4-ol (12.08%), safrole (10.32%), αpinene (9.7%), β-phellandrene (6.56%), and γ-terpinene (5.93%). The acetone extract showed the presence of 23 components representing 71.66% of the total amount. The major components were isocroweacin (18.92%), elemicin (17.68%), methoxyeugenol (8.13%), linoleic acid (4.12%), dehydrodiisoeugenol (4.06%), palmitic acid (2.8%), and trans-isoeugenol (2.76%).     

Chemical Composition,Antimicrobial, and Antioxidant Activities of Essential Oil and Ethanol Extract of Coriandrum sativum L. Leaves from Turkey

This study reports the chemical composition, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil and ethanol extract of Coriandrum sativum L. leaves. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis identified 19 compounds representing 95.30% of the oil. (E)-2-decenal (29.87%), linalool (21.61%), (E)-2-dodecenal (7.03%), dodecanal (5.78%), (E)-2-undecenal (3.84%), (E)-2-tridecenal (3.56%), (E)-2-hexadecenal (2.47%), tetradecenal (2.35%), and α-pinene (1.64%) were the main components identified in the essential oil. The samples were screened for their antioxidant activities using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging and β-caroten bleaching assay. IC₅₀ value for ethanol extract of C. sativum was determined as 74.87 ± 0.03 μg/mL. Total antioxidant activity value for C. sativum ethanol extract was 85.85 ± 0.04%. Total phenolic content for ethanol extract of the plant was determined as 14.97 ± 0.05 mg gallic acid equivalents/g dry weight. The essential oil and ethanol extract were also tested for antimicrobial activity against 28 different foodborne microorganisms, including 19 bacteria, 7 fungi, and 2 yeast species. The ethanol extract of the plant showed weak antimicrobial activities against microbial strains in both disc diffusion and minimal inhibition concentration tests. This study suggested that Coriandrum sativum L. leaves may be used as a potential source of food flavoring, and for their antioxidants and antimicrobial properties.     

山竹果皮与果肉挥发性成分分析

采用同时蒸馏萃取法分别提取山竹果皮与果肉挥发性成分，用气相色谱-质谱仪进行分离鉴定，结合计算机检索对分离的化合物进行结构鉴定，应用色谱峰面积归一化测定各成分的相对含量。结果表明：山竹果皮中挥发油的提取率为0．14％，鉴定出22种化学物质，占总成分的92．68％；果肉中挥发油的提取率为0．21％，鉴定出11种化学物质，占总成分的69．11％。山竹果皮挥发油中主要含有烯类、萘类和酸类，果肉挥发油中主要含有醇类、烯类及烷烃类；果皮与果肉主成分为α-荜澄茄烯含量分别为32．41％与41．38％。     

罗汉果、芹菜、野菊花复合保健饮料的研究

以罗汉果、芹菜、野菊花为原料,研制出口感优良,风味独特、质量稳定的复合保健饮料。采用正交试验法确定了最佳配方为罗汉果1%、芹菜5%、野菊花1%。并对复合饮料进行了质量评价。饮料中总酸含量为0.003g/100mL,氨基氮含量为0.01mg/100mL,还原糖的含量<0.001%,可适宜糖尿病人饮用。     

姜黄醇提物化学成分及其抗氧化活性分析

目的：研究姜黄（Curcuma longa L.）的化学成分及其抗氧化活性。方法：应用硅胶柱色谱、Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱色谱以及高效液相制备色谱等方法进行分离纯化,根据高分辨质谱、核磁共振谱鉴定化合物的结构;同时采用1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼（1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH）法、2,2’-联氮双(3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸)（2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid),ABTS）法和铁氰化钾还原法对分离得到的化合物进行抗氧化活性筛选。结果：从姜黄中分离鉴定了7 个合物,分别为Zingerol（1）、Dihydroferulic acid ethyl ester（2）;乙基-3-(4-羟基-苯基)-丙酸乙酯（3）、Zingerone dimer [4,4’-(6,6’-dihydroxy-5,5’-dimethoxy-[1,1’-biphenyl]-3,3’-diyl) bis(butan-2-one)]（4）、姜酮（5）、4-(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)丁烷-2-酮（6）、香草醛（7）。其中,化合物1～5均具有一定的抗氧化活性,ABTS阳离子自由基清除实验中,化合物1和化合物2的IC50值分别为（3±0.2）μmol/L和（12±1.0）μmol/L,化合物1优于阳性对照VC（VC的IC50值（13±1.1）μmol/L）,化合物2与VC效果相当,还原力实验中,化合物1活性优于VC,浓度低于0.125 μmol/mL时化合物2活性强于VC。结论：化合物4为新的天然产物,化合物1、2、3和6为姜黄属中首次发现,化合物1抗氧化活性较强可能与其脂肪链2位上羟基取代有关,姜黄醇提物中的酚类成分是姜黄抗氧化活性的物质基础之一。     

Antioxidative Activity and Safety of 50% Ethanolic Red Bean Extract (Phaseolus radiatus L. var. Aurea)

ABSTRACT: This study evaluated the antioxidative activities of 50% ethanolic extract from red bean (Phaseolus radiatus L. var. Aurea). The antioxidative activities, including α,α‐diphenyl‐β‐picryl‐hydrazyl (DPPH) radicals scavenging effects, Fe²⁺‐chelating ability, and reducing power, were studied in vitro. The antioxidative activity was found to increase with the concentration of the extract to a certain extent and then level off as the concentration further increased. Compared with commercial antioxidants, the red bean extract showed less scavenging effect on the DPPH radical and less reducing power than α‐Tocopherol and BHT, but better Fe²⁺‐chelating ability. No mutagenic effect toward any tester strains was found in the 50% ethanolic extract of red bean.     

高空环境条件对鸡冠花抗氧功能的影响

探讨高空环境条件对鸡冠花抗氧化功能的影响。方法:利用高空气球搭载了鸡冠花团穗黄品种(Celosiacristata L.cv.Spicata Tuansuihuang)的种子,进行空间诱变处理。飞行高度40.112Km,飞行时间近4h,回收后播种栽培,采收子一代(SP1)花序,茎叶。在•OH、O2-•自由基的产生和检测系统中,分别加入一定量的搭载组和对照组花序、茎叶四种水提取液,通过比色法观察其与活性氧引发反应的竞争效应。同时,分别测定分析了各组样品的VC、黄酮醇的含量和SOD活力,据此探索在高空环境影响后样品抗氧化活性变化与自由基清除剂含量之间的关系。结果:各组水提取液均能降低•OH引发的还原型细胞色素C[Cyt•C(Ⅱ)]氧化作用和O2-•对羟胺的氧化作用,而两种搭载组样品水提取液清除活性氧的能力均比对照组显著提高,并与其自由基清除剂含量和活力的增高相关。结论:高空环境诱变处理对鸡冠花中抗氧化活性物质的合成和抗氧化功能产生了显著效应。     

萝卜籽油成分研究

日的：研究不同品种萝卜籽粗脂肪的含量及脂肪酸组成，并利用GC—MS分析不同品种萝卜籽挥发性成分的组成及含量。方法：用索氏提取法测定粗脂肪含量，用溶剂提取挥发油成分，用气相色谱-质谱联用仪进行定性分析，结合计算机检索技术，对化学成分进行分离鉴定，面积归一化法测定各成分的相对含量。结果：研究结果表明，具有较大的开发应用价值。NIST、WILEY化合物谱库检索，应用气相色谱峰萝卜籽含油高（≥30％），油中含不饱和脂肪酸多，具有较大的开发应用价值。     

蒙古绣线菊六个化合物及其挥发油化学成分和清除DPPH自由基活性、抗菌活性的测定分析

通过GC/MS对水蒸气蒸馏法提取的蒙古绣线菊枝、叶挥发油化学成分进行分析。挥发油的主要成分为脂肪酸及其衍生物,其中棕榈酸乙酯占挥发油总含量38.631%、反亚油酸乙酯23.576%、亚麻酸乙酯14.634%。通过硅胶柱色谱法分离和核磁鉴定,白桦脂醇(1)、羽扇豆醇-3,20-二醇(2)、1β-羟基-6,9-二烯-8-羰基-11-降-11-二酮(3)、3-(4-甲氧基苯基)丙醛(4)、豆甾醇(5)、β-谷甾醇(6)六个化合物从蒙古绣线菊枝、叶中分离出来。对它们清除DPPH自由基活性、抗菌活性也分别进行了测定。试验结果表明挥发油有良好的清除DPPH自由基活性(IC50=900 μg/mL),对所选菌株没有明显的抗菌活性。化合物(4)显示出较强的清除DPPH自由基活性(IC50=13 μg/mL),对黄曲霉、枯草芽孢杆菌和白色念珠菌均有明显的抑菌活性。化合物(3)清除DPPH自由基活性微弱,对黄曲霉和枯草芽孢杆菌显示明显的抑菌活性,这些研究结果对传统中草药的研究和新药物的研制具有一定的意义。     

新疆阿勒泰百里香挥发油化学成分GC-MS分析及抗氧化活性测定

利用水蒸汽蒸馏法提取了新疆阿勒泰百里香挥发油,测得含量为0.31%。并采用气相色谱- 质谱联用技术对拟百里香的挥发性成分进行了分离鉴定,分离出82 种成分,共确认了其中72 种。采用峰面积归一化法确定了各成分的相对含量。同时测定了挥发油的金属螯合性、还原力和抗氧化能力,结果表明阿勒泰百里香挥发油、BHT 和百里香酚均无金属螯合性,挥发油还原能力高于百里香酚和BHT,并且抗氧化活性较好。     

调味香料荜茇精油中清除游离基活性成分的快速筛选

利用超快速气相色谱电子鼻(gas chromatography-based electronic nose,GC-E-nose)技术快速鉴定调味香料荜茇精油(essential oil from Piper longum L.,EOPL)的化学成分,并通过GC-E-nose结合化学法,在未经单体分离的条件下,对EOPL...     

Anthocyanins,Antioxidative, and Antimicrobial Properties of American Cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.) and their Press Cakes

ABSTRACT: Amounts of total phenolics, anthocyanins, and ascorbic acid in 4 American cranberry varieties harvested at 4 stages of maturity were measured. The larger amount of phenolic compounds was found in berries of “Black Veil” cultivar (504 mg/100 g) at II stage of maturity. Significantly larger amounts of anthocyanins were determined in the overripe berries of the cultivars “Ben Lear” and “Black Veil.” The amount of ascorbic acid in berries increased during ripening from I to III stage, and slightly decreased in the overripe berries. The biggest quantities of ascorbic acid were found in the ripe berries of “Ben Lear” cultivar (15.8 mg/100 g). The distribution of anthocyanins pigments was determined by HPLC‐UV/MS in mature berries. The composition of individual anthocyanins in berries was quite similar in all the studied cranberry cultivars. While skins of cranberries are rich in anthocyanins and other phenolic compounds, the extracts of the by‐products of cranberries juice—berry cakes, were analyzed and obtained results were compared with the properties of extracts made from whole berries. The anthocyanins and total phenolics content, radical scavenging activity, antimicrobial activity of the whole berries, and their press cakes extracts were measured. All investigated extracts from berries and their press cakes showed good radical scavenging activity and revealed antimicrobial properties. It was found that Bacillus cereus (ATCC 10876) and Micrococcus luteus (ATCC 9341) were the most sensitive among 10 tested Gram‐negative and Gram‐positive bacteria.     

孜然精油成分以及对亚硝酸钠的消除作用研究

以水蒸汽蒸馏法提取孜然,获得2.6% 的精油,用GC-MS 对精油进行了成分分析,检测出28 个成分,解析鉴定了占精油99.801%的26 个成分。主要成分枯茗醛占总精油含量的39.511%。其次为2- 蒈烯-10- 醛(17.707%)和3- 蒈烯-10- 醛(17.542%)。对NaNO2 的消除作用研究结果显示,孜然精油具有明显的消除NaNO2 作用,最大消除率为92.5%。水蒸汽蒸馏后残渣丙酮、甲醇、乙醇萃取物也显示了消除NaNO2 活性,最大消除率分别为：71.1%、58.7%、45.5%。     

大型罗勒和柚子精油的成分分析及其抗氧化性

采用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用法对大型罗勒精油和柚子精油的化学成分进行分析,并采用DPPH自由基(DPPH·)清除法、ABTS自由基阳离子(ABTS⁺·)清除法对精油及其主要单体的抗氧化性能进行了研究。大型罗勒精油鉴定出46个化学成分,占总含量的84.07%,其主要成分为香叶醛(14.20%)、β-石竹烯氧化物(10.97%)、香橙醛(10.38%)和β-石竹烯(4.09%);柚子精油鉴定出48个化学成分,占总含量的92.24%,其主要成分为柠檬烯(43.88%)、石竹烯(22.09%)、葎草烯(4.57%)和γ-松油烯(4.41%)。结果表明,大型罗勒精油和柚子精油对DPPH·和ABTS⁺·均具有清除活性,其中大型罗勒精油和柚子精油清除DPPH·的IC₅₀值分别为3.96 mg/mL和23.22 mg/mL;清除ABTS⁺·的IC₅₀值分别为1.61 mg/mL和2.30 mg/mL。由此可知,大型罗勒精油和柚子精油可以作为一种较为安全的天然抗氧化物来源。