Pseudomonas sp.LKY-5产生的表面活性剂提取及其稳定性研究

针对二苯并噻吩高效降解菌Pseudomonas sp.LKY-5降解过程中产生表面活性剂的现象,进行碳源优化,将提取分离出的表面活性剂进行化学组分分析和理化性质测定,考察温度、pH、无机离子对其表面活性稳定性的影响。结果表明,花生油为Pseudomonas sp.LKY-5产生表面活性剂的最佳碳源,产生的表面活性剂为鼠李糖脂,产量为0.15g/L,临界胶束浓度(CMC)为180mg/L,亲水亲油平衡值(HLB)为12.3,对柴油24h的乳化能力达61%。该表面活性剂在温度30~80℃、pH 6~13的条件下表面活性稳定,能够耐受200g/L的NaCl或MgCl2以及20g/L的CaCl2,稳定性能良好。     

丙磺基甜菜碱表面活性剂的合成与研究

以十六醇、环氧氯丙烷、二甲胺和2-羟基-3-氯丙磺酸钠为原料合成了N,N-二甲基-N(2-羟基-3-十六烷氧基)丙铵基-(2-羟基)丙磺基甜菜碱表面活性剂(C16SZ).对中间产物十六烷氧基缩水甘油醚的合成条件进行了探讨,确定了最佳工艺条件:反应温度60℃,反应时间4h,n(环氧氯丙烷):n(十六醇)为1.5,催化剂用...     

含水乙醇汽油稳定性试验的表面活性剂研究

乙醇汽油是种极具发展潜力的清洁可再生燃料,影响含水乙醇汽油混合燃料推广应用的关键是它的稳定性。通过试验考察了多种表面活性剂对含水乙醇汽油混合燃料的乳化增溶作用,配制出稳定性效果较好的复合表面活性剂A,并对表面活性剂的助溶机理进行了详细分析。试验表明:随着表面活性剂的加入,乙醇汽油混合物中即使含水也不易分层、也能保持较长的稳定期。     

烃降解菌WJ-1及其生物表面活性剂特性研究

从蒙古林油田水样筛选得到一株能以烃类为唯一碳源、高产表面活性剂的烃降解菌WJ-1,经16Sr DNA初步鉴定为铜绿假单胞菌Pseudomonas aeruginosa.该菌株以大豆油为碳源的培养基发酵7天,发酵液表面张力降到25.586 mN/m,排油圈直径增大到11.8 cm.薄层色谱分析表明所产表面活性剂主要有鼠李糖脂、蛋白类和脂类,蒽酮法测得96小时发酵液中鼠李糖脂含量最高,为55g/L;从发酵液提取的棕黄色生物表面活性剂(粗品),其表观临界胶束浓度为20 mg/L;以不同黏度的4种原油作为碳源培养7天,原油平均降解率为52%.在渗透率0.4μm2的物理模型上,以1 PV的0.6%WJ-1菌液、0.6 g/L的聚合物溶液、0.6%WJ-1菌液+0.6g/L的聚合物溶液分别驱替水驱残余油,采收率分别提高6.56%、9.08%、23.08%,表明该菌可用于微生物采油.     

表面活性剂高温乳化性能研究

通过测定114℃条件下,4种不同类型表面活性剂溶液（石油磺酸盐PS、非离子-阴离子型双子表面活性剂FOS、烷基糖苷APG以及十二烷基苯磺酸钠DBS）与高30原油间的乳化速率、乳化稳定性以及乳化降黏效果,研究了表面活性剂的高温乳化性能。实验结果表明,表面活性剂通过降低动态界面张力初始值提高乳化速率;通过增强界面活性和界面膜强度提高乳化稳定性;通过形成O/W型乳状液以及破坏胶质、沥青质聚集体结构降低原油黏度。盐度仅对阴离子表面活性剂的乳化性能影响较大,而表面活性剂浓度和油水比对各类表面活性剂的乳化性能均有显著影响。图4表5参8     

大港孔店油田产生物表面活性剂本源菌研究

从大港孔店油田分离出一株嗜中温产生物表面活性剂菌株dgbs25，经生理生化和16SrDNA分子鉴定，该菌与根癌土壤杆菌最为相近；该菌株在含有烃类物质的培养基中产生生物表面活性物质，其最适温度为42℃，最适pH值为7；产生的生物表面活性剂使培养液的表面张力从69.72mN／m下降到35.23mN／m。生物表面活性剂的产量为3.6g／L。对柴油的乳化活性最大达到68％。对液蜡的乳化活性可达到100％。该产生物表面活性剂菌可应用于微生物提高原油采收率（MEOR）。     

复合表面活性剂体系绒囊泡的形成与稳定性研究

考查了多种阴/阳离子表面活性剂的复配,选定十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)与十四烷基三甲基氯化铵(TTAC)作为研究的绒囊形成体系。在表面活性剂总浓度为0.02mol/L,V(SDBS)∶V(TTAC)=7∶3的体系中加入聚合物,绒囊体系的黏度增加,表面张力减小,分子间摩擦力增大,表面分子的束缚力减小,使体系更加稳定。粒径分析表明,绒囊体系中加入质量分数为0.2%的PVA后,粒径变大,且分布均匀。对体系进行稳定性研究时,CaCl2和MgCl2均对绒囊有破坏作用,加入PVA的绒囊体系稳定性更好,不易受到盐的破坏。     

硼系表面活性剂合成与性能研究

合成了两种含硼的表面活性剂 ,实验了它们的扩散渗透性、乳化性、泡沫性。用四球试验机试验了这两种含硼表面活性剂的油膜强度。实验结果表明 ,这两种表面活性剂有较好的乳化性、防腐性、抗磨性     

表面活性剂对乳状液膜稳定性的影响

本文用显微镜分别考察了3种不同表面活性剂对液膜状态的影响,用激光粒度仪分析了表面活性剂对乳状液颗粒大小及分布的影响,用pH酸度计测定W/O/W多重乳状液膜体系外水相的pH值。结果表明:3种不同的表面活性剂(失水山梨糖醇酐单油酸酯span80、双烯基丁二酰亚胺T153、多烯基丁二酰亚胺T152)在膜溶剂含量为50 mL、载体含量2%、液体石蜡含量2%、内相NaOH浓度为0.5 mol/L及乳水比为1∶6条件下制得W/O/W型多重乳状液膜。span80所形成乳状液膜外水相pH值最大,膜破损严重;而T153所形成的乳状液膜外相pH值相对较小,乳状液膜较稳定。3种不同表面活性剂所形成的W/O乳状液在水分散相中平均粒径大小顺序为:T153(60.369μm)>T152(58.510μm)>span80(37.630μm),且T153形成乳状液的粒度分布最集中。乳水比为1∶5、初始硫离子含量为40 mg/L时,由T153所形成乳状液对硫离子的脱除率最高,达98%。     

新型杯芳烃衍生物的合成及结构表征

以对叔丁基苯酚、甲醛、氢氧化钠、苯酚、浓硫酸、碳酸钠、正溴代烷烃等为原料,经缩聚反应、脱烷基化反应、磺化反应、醚化反应合成了一系列水溶性杯[4]芳烃低聚磺酸钠产品。利用红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱对中间体及产物进行了结构表征;证实了合成中间体和目标产物符合设计的分子结构。用滴体积法测定一系列表面活性剂水溶液25℃时的表面张力,结果表明,1-C4,1-C6,1-C8和1-C10表面活性剂分别能将水的表面张力降至32．06,34．96,42．35和45．35mN／m,临界胶束浓度分别为1．26×10^-1,0．32×10^-3,1．78×10^-3和1．2×10^-3mol／L。对所合成的表面活性剂进行界面张力扫描法测定,结果表明,当1-C4,1-C6,1-C8和1-C10表面活性剂的烷烃碳数分别为8,6,8,6时,表面活性剂的界面张力均达最小值。     

Isolation and characterization of biosurfactant producing microorganisms from petroleum contaminated soil samples for EOR and bioremediation

Using of biosurfactant producing microorganisms for pipeline cleaning, bioremediation, enhanced oil recovery, etc. is a much soughed approach of petroleum industry. Although, many alternatives are available to serve these purposes, being ecofriendly and economic, microbial application is considered superior than most of the alternatives. This paper presents a comprehensive study on effectiveness of bacterial strain isolated from oil contaminated soil sample of Lakwa oilfield for required purposes. Its temperature sustainability and surfactant production capability was studied. Further characteristics of the produced biosurfactant were assessed through Emulsification Index measurement, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectra, Drop Collapse Test, Contact Angle and Viscosity measurement.     

Using biosurfactant producing bacteria isolated from an Iranian oil field for application in microbial enhanced oil recovery

Microbial enhanced oil recovery (MEOR) is a useful technique to improve oil recovery from depleted oil reservoirs beyond primary and secondary recovery operations using bacteria and their metabolites. In the present study, the biosurfactant production potential of Bacillus licheniformis microorganisms that were isolated from oil samples of Zilaei reservoir in the southwest of Iran was explored under extreme conditions. Growth media with different temperatures of 40, 50, 60, and 70°C; salinities of 1, 3, 5, and 7 wt%; and yeast extract concentrations of 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 g/L were used to find the optimum growth conditions. The results demonstrated that bacteria grown in a mineral salt solution with temperature of 50°C, salinity of 1 wt% and yeast extract concentration of 1 g/L has the highest growth rate and therefore, these conditions are the optimum conditions for growing the introduced bacterium. This isolate was selected as the higher biosurfactant producer. The obtained biosurfactants by bacteria isolated in a medium with these conditions could reduce the interfacial tension of crude oil/water system from 36.8 to 0.93 mN/m and surface tension of water from 72 to 23.8 mN/m. The results of the core flooding tests showed that the tertiary oil recovery efficiency due to the injection of microorganisms was 13.7% of original oil in place and bacteria could reduce the oil viscosity by 41.242% at optimum conditions. Based on these results, the isolated microorganism is a promising candidate for the development of microbial oil recovery processes.     

Synthesis,Characterization, and Surface Activity of Some Schiff Base Cationic Surfactant Complexes Against Different Microorganisms

In this study, different metallocationic surfactants were prepared by reaction of N,N dimethyl ethylene diamine with benzaldehyde (Schiff base reaction) then quaternized the resulted tertiary amines with different alkyl halides such as dodecyl bromide and hexadecyl bromide to produce a series of quaternary ammonium salts. Finally, complexing the cationic surfactants with stannous chloride and cobalt chloride to give the corresponding metallocationic surfactants. Surface tension of these surfactants at four different temperatures was investigated. The surface and thermodynamic parameters were studied. FTIR spectra were done to confirm the structure of the compounds and their purity. The antimicrobial activity of the prepared complexes was determined via the inhibition zone diameter against different microorganisms also against sulfate reducing bacteria by the dilution method. The results indicate that these metallocationic surfactants have good surface properties and good biological activity on different microorganisms.     

高活性FHB-10复合表面活性剂组成与性能研究

针对常规单一表面活性剂存在的不足,研究了高活性FHB-10复合表面活性剂的化学组成与使用性能。其中FHB-10复合表面活性剂配方体系主要由非离子-离子型表面活性剂、增效剂、多元有机醇复合溶剂等组成,其在0.25%的浓度下表面张力<23.2mN/m、界面张力<1.3mN/m;在离子浓度10×104mg/L的高矿化度地层水中或120℃以下的温度条件下对液体的表面活性影响幅度较小,与压裂液、常规酸化液配伍性好。经室内试验表明:通过非离子表面活性剂与离子型表面活性剂的复配效应以及多元化学添加剂的辅助作用,有效地提高了产品在水基液体中的表面活性,并大幅度地降低了材料成本,弥补了单一表面活性剂在成本和使用性能方面存在的缺陷。     

双子表面活性剂NNMB的合成及表征

选取丙酮为溶剂,以甲苯-2,4-二异氰酸酯（TDI）,烷基溴和二乙基氨基乙醇为原料,合成了双子表面活性剂2,4-二（氨基甲酸-二乙基烷基季铵盐基乙基酯）-1-甲基苯（NNMB）。结果表明,通过加料次序和溶剂的改变,产物产率高达94％,产物易分离纯化。利用红外光谱验证了产物的结构。目标产物的水溶液在25℃的表面活性数据为：7cMc为27．3mN／m,CMC为0．7mmol／L,目标产物与十二烷基磺酸钠（SDS）复配产生了明显的协同效应,当目标产物与SDS摩尔比为1：2时,复合表面活性剂溶液的表面活性数据为：CMC为8．0×10^-2mmol／L,ycMc为22．5mN／m。     

The optimum synergistic effect of amphiphilic polymers and the stabilization mechanism of a crude oil emulsion

The amphiphilic polymers (APs) possess both thickening and emulsifying properties that were optimized by the combination of different APs. The properties and synergistic mechanisms of the combination system, consisting of HAP-L and HAP-S, were studied and optimized according to their proportion at various concentrations, temperatures, salinities, and shear rates. Furthermore, various methods were applied to study the emulsification properties of the combination system. The results show that the viscosity, salt resistance, temperature resistance, and shear resistance of the combination system are greatly improved. It is noteworthy that the combined system displays the optimized properties when the mass ratio of HAP-S and HAP-L is 3:2. Under that circumstance, the emulsions also turn to be more stable and display more uniform particle distribution. After combination, more hydrophobic groups participate in the intermolecular association, and the structure of the network is enhanced. Therefore, a combination of various APs can be used as an effective approach to improve the viscosity and emulsification capability of APs for oil recovery.     

Functional characterization of a biosurfactant-producing thermo-tolerant bacteria isolated from an oil reservoir

A Bacillus subtilis strain JA-1 isolated from an oil reservoir was studied.This strain is capable of growth and producing biosurfactant at a temperature of 60 oC.In nutrient medium it produced biosurfactant which reduced the surface tension from 68.2 mN/m to 28.3 mN/m,with the critical micelle concentration (CMC) of 48 mg/L.The measured surface tension indicated that the biosurfactant possessed stable surface activity at high temperature and a specific range of pH and salt concentrations.The results of thin layer chromatography (TLC) together with FT-IR showed that the metabolic product of strain JA-1 is a lipopeptide biosurfactant.The ability to growth at high temperature and to produce biosurfactant makes strain JA-1 promising for enhanced oil recovery.     

乳化型温拌剂机理研究

为研究乳化型温拌剂作用机理,选取3种温拌剂,采用电子显微镜、元素分析仪、红外光谱仪和表面/界面张力测定仪等仪器,对温拌剂进行测试,并分析了乳化型温拌剂在沥青及沥青混合料中的主要作用机理是乳化和润滑两个方面。     

油相对泡沫稳定性的影响规律

油相的存在会导致泡沫的稳定性变差,从而影响泡沫驱的效果,如何提高泡沫的稳定性,指导泡沫体系设计成为泡沫驱提高采收率中亟待解决的难题。为探索油相对泡沫稳定性的影响规律,采用泡沫衰减法和微流控制法研究了界面张力和油相对泡沫体系稳定性的影响,并评价了乳化油滴和气泡间的相互作用。通过固定油相,改变泡沫体系,研究油相与泡沫体系之间界面张力对泡沫稳定性的影响,结果表明,油水界面张力越低的泡沫体系所形成的泡沫半衰期越短,油相对泡沫的稳定性影响越大。采用同一泡沫体系,改变油相,不同油相对泡沫稳定性影响结果表明,表面张力越低的油相对泡沫体系的稳定性影响越大,泡沫稳定性越差。这是由于油相相对分子质量越大、表面张力越大,越不易在气水界面铺展,与泡沫的相互作用也越弱。