酶法从玉米芯中获取木寡糖可行性的研究

采用碱水解玉米芯获取木聚糖,又经酶解制得木寡糖,同时对木聚糖和木寡糖的制备条件进行了优化研究。实验结果表明,使用10%NaOH85℃下浸提4h,木聚糖提取效果最好,其最佳酶解条件为pH5.0、50℃、18h。薄层层析以及气质联用证实了木寡糖的存在。     

重组木聚糖酶酶解玉米芯制备低聚木糖

研究了蒸煮法及碱提法对玉米芯木聚糖的提取效果,并利用重组木聚糖酶Xyn A对玉米芯低聚木糖的酶解制备条件进行了优化。对木聚糖得率及酶解产物进行了分析,确定碱提法所得玉米芯木聚糖适宜作为酶解底物制备低聚木糖。优化后得到酶解制备玉米芯低聚木糖的工艺条件:底物浓度0.9%,酶解温度49℃,酶解时间4.5 h,还原糖量可达33.9%。另外,对酶解成分进行分析,结果表明酶解碱提玉米芯木聚糖可产生以木二糖及木三糖为主要成分的低聚木糖。     

小麦麸皮水不溶性阿拉伯木聚糖提取及其酶解产物分析

以小麦麸皮为原料,采用碱提法对小麦麸皮中的水不溶性阿拉伯木聚糖进行提取。以水不溶性阿拉伯木聚糖得率为响应值,采用单因素试验和响应面分析法对其提取工艺进行优化,并利用不同木聚糖酶对其进行酶解,采用薄层色谱（TLC）法对酶解产物进行分析。结果表明,水不溶性阿拉伯木聚糖的最佳提取工艺为料液比1∶193（g∶mL）、提取温度61 ℃、提取时间5 h。在此最优提取工艺条件下,水不溶性阿拉伯木聚糖的得率为51.61%,较优化前提高20.71%。用不同种类木聚糖酶对提取的水不溶性阿拉伯木聚糖进行酶解,TLC分析结果表明,链霉菌10904来源的木聚糖酶A对水不溶性阿拉伯木聚糖有较好的底物特异性,酶解产物丰富且以木二糖为主,为阿拉伯低聚木糖的制备提供理论依据。     

酶法处理油茶籽壳制备低聚木糖工艺的优化

优化酶解处理油茶籽壳制备低聚木糖的工艺条件。以油茶籽壳为原料,经碱法制备木聚糖粗提液。以所得的木聚糖粗提液为原料,低聚木糖浓度为考核指标,酶解温度、木聚糖酶使用量、酶解时间和木聚糖底物浓度为变量因子,进行单因素试验。在单因素试验基础上,利用响应面法对酶法制备低聚木糖工艺进行优化研究。结果表明,最佳的制备工艺为:酶添加量5%、酶解时间10 h、酶解温度49℃、底物浓度2%。在此优化酶解工艺条件下,测得低聚木糖浓度为11.63 g/L,比未优化前提高4.63 g/L。试验所得到的酶解处理油茶籽壳制备低聚木糖的工艺条件具有实用价值,能为提高利用油料加工副产物油茶籽壳的附加值提供理论依据。     

碱性H2O2预处理棉籽壳酶法生产低聚木糖的研究

以棉籽壳为原料,研究了碱性H202预处理的影响因素及预处理后酶水解的最适条件.以棉籽壳为原料,碱性H202浓度2.5％,30℃条件下处理时间12～14h,在此条件下预处理得到的棉籽壳木聚糖含量31.7％.利用木聚糖酶降解木聚糖制备低聚木糖,确立了最佳酶解工艺条件为:在固液比1:15的浓度下,加酶量3％,50℃酶解24h时,棉籽壳的木聚糖提取率和水解率为18.3％和57.8％.     

超声波处理玉米芯制备低聚木糖的条件优化

考察了试验室规模下超声波处理玉米芯提取木聚糖经酶水解制备低聚木糖的影响因素,通过单因素试验和正交试验,优化了提取和水解条件。结果表明:以质量分数5%Na OH溶液为提取剂,超声功率为180 W,超声温度为60℃的条件下提取45 min,木聚糖产率可达到33.18%。所得提取液经脱色,调p H,调木聚糖底物浓度后酶水解制备低聚木糖。最佳酶解条件为:木聚糖底物质量浓度10 mg/m L,加酶量质量分数1.5%(相对于玉米芯干物料),酶水解时间为8 h的条件下,水解液中还原糖的质量浓度达到6.89 mg/m L。     

玉米芯碱法提取木聚糖及其酶解制备低聚木糖的工艺研究

采用碱法提取制备玉米芯木聚糖,以提取率为指标,研究了碱液浓度、提取温度、处理时间、提取振荡速度、醇沉p H等因素对提取率的影响,通过木聚糖酶酶解木聚糖提取低聚木糖,以酶解产物中还原糖含量、可溶性总糖含量及平均聚合度DP为指标,采用正交试验探讨了酶浓度、酶解温度、酶解时间、p H值、底物浓度对酶解产物的影响,得出酶解玉米芯木聚糖制备低聚木糖的最佳工艺条件为:底物浓度为12%(w/v),酶解p H为4,酶解温度为45℃条件下添加0.06%(w/v)的木聚糖酶,酶解8h,得到总糖含量为18.88mg/m L,还原糖含量为9.46 mg/m L,聚合度DP为1.85。     

以玉米芯为原料酶法制备低聚木糖的研究

以玉米芯为原料,在固液比1：10,NaOH 质量浓度4%,50℃条件下处理24h,木聚糖提取率为91．0%。利用木聚糖酶降解木聚糖制备低聚木糖,确立了最佳酶解工艺条件为：50℃,pH 4．8,木聚糖底物质量浓度 3．0%,每克底物的木聚糖酶用量为50IU,反应时间0．5h。在上述反应条件下,产品平均聚合度为3．61,低聚木糖得率为91．2%。该研究结果在可再生半纤维素资源利用方面具有重要的意义。     

酶解花生壳制备低聚木糖的研究

以花生壳为原料,在固液比1∶20,H_2SO_4浓度为1.0%,120℃条件下处理30min,木聚糖提取率为40.1%。利用木聚糖酶降解木聚糖制备低聚木糖,确立了酶解工艺条件:50℃,pH4.8,加酶量2%(相对固体花生壳原料).搅拌速度80r/min,反应时间24h。在上述反应条件下,低聚木糖得率为81.2%。     

烟草秸秆低聚木糖的制备和纯化

为优化烟草秸秆低聚木糖制备参数,采用碱解方法提取木聚糖、酶解法制备低聚木糖以及单因素实验法考察了常见因素对工艺的影响。结果表明,木聚糖提取条件为：2.000 g秸秆粉末（≤100目）浸没于20.00 mL浓度为24% NaOH（m/V）和1% NaBH₄（m/V）碱液中,70 ℃条件下浸提4 h,滤液加3倍乙醇体积用量进行醇沉以及0.2倍乙酸体积用量进行中和。制备低聚木糖的条件为：溶液pH为5.50,温度40 ℃,时间6 h,木聚糖溶液（20 mg/mL）10 mL,木聚糖酶液（0.6%,m/V,4.1 U/mL）20 mL。低聚木糖分离提纯条件为：阳离子树脂柱分离纯化,填充高度18.0 cm、直径为4.5 cm;纯化液用高效液相色谱进行定性定量分析。通过上述方法得到的低聚木糖产品纯度较高,对工业制备低聚木糖工艺优化有一定的参考价值。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the