Cr/Cu催化剂催化正丁腈水合反应合成丁酰胺

对正丁腈与水发生水合反应合成丁酰胺的方法进行了研究,在Cr/Cu催化剂制备过程中,当次磷酸钠与硫酸铜摩尔比为1.50～1.60、Cr/Cu摩尔比为0.004～0.006、最高反应温度控制为55～57 ℃时,所制备的Cr/Cu催化剂活性最高;正丁腈与水进料的摩尔比为1:4.8,Cr/Cu催化剂浓度为22%～25%,反应温度为95～100 ℃,反应停留时间5～6 h,在此条件下,正丁腈的转化率接近100%;建立了丁酰胺生产工艺流程,在小试实验中,正丁腈的转化率为99%,丁酰胺产量90 g/h,丁酰胺的纯度达到了99.9%以上.     

月桂酸乙酯基甜菜碱表面活性剂的合成研究

以N,N-二甲基乙醇胺与月桂酸为原料,对甲苯磺酸作催化剂,合成了月桂酸乙酯基二甲基叔胺中间体,继而与氯乙酸钠反应制得标题化合物.中间体合成的正交实验优化条件为:n(N,N二甲基乙醇胺):n(月桂酸)=1.6:1;催化剂用量为反应物总质量的1.5% ;170℃反应12 h,最高产率> 85%.最终产品合成的均匀实验优化结果:异丙醇为溶剂,n(中间体):n(氯乙酸钠)=1:2.2,90℃反应21 h,中间体转化率>8%.得到的标题化合物经丙酮重结晶提纯,HPLC法分析其质量分数＞99%,使用FT-IR、ESI-MS 、1 HN M R进行了结构表征.     

月桂酸单甘酯的合成与提纯

采用羟基保护法制备月桂酸单甘酯,研究月桂酸单甘酯(简称GML)的合成与提纯,得到了含量98%的单甘酯产品.并利用正交试验对合成月桂酸单甘酯的反应条件进行了讨论,得出硼酸保护法制取月桂酸单甘酯的最佳工艺:甘油与月桂酸的摩尔比3:1,催化剂对甲苯磺酸用量为0.15%,反应温度240℃,反应时间2 h.采用分子蒸馏(Mole...     

甲烷磺酸亚铈催化合成月桂酸酯的研究

合成了甲烷磺酸亚铈,用热重和红外对其进行表征.并以甲烷磺酸亚铈为催化剂,研究其催化月桂酸与正丁醇酯化反应中各种因素对酯化率的影响.优化试验结果为醇与酸的摩尔比为1.11,Ce(CH3SO3)3·4H2O的用量为酸的摩尔分数的0.25%,80℃～85℃反应2.5 h,环己烷5 mL为带水剂,酯化率可达98.9%.结果表明甲烷磺酸亚铈的催化活性远远高于Ce(SO4)2·4H2O、CeCl3·7H2O及其他Lewis酸催化剂.用甲烷磺酸亚铈作催化剂合成其他月桂酸酯,酯化率均在95.0%以上.     

硼酸二甘油酯脂肪酸酯的合成研究

以硼酸、甘油为原料,在氮气保护下合成硼酸二甘油酯,然后在强酸性阳离子交换树脂催化下分别与月桂酸、肉豆蔻酸、硬脂酸反应合成出3种具有半极性键的有机硼酸酯表面活性剂.用红外光谱确定了产物的结构.研究了硼酸二甘油酯月桂酸酯的合成工艺,得到了优化的工艺条件,结果表明:硼酸与甘油的摩尔比为1∶2.0,反应温度为180 ℃,反应时间为4 h时,硼酸二甘油酯的收率为96.0%;硼酸二甘油酯与月桂酸的摩尔比为1∶0.9,反应温度为200 ℃,反应时间为3.5 h,催化剂用量(相对于月桂酸的质量)为2.0%时,月桂酸转化率为97.5%.硼酸二甘油酯肉豆蔻酸酯和硼酸二甘油酯硬脂酸酯在相同的工艺条件下合成时酸转化率分别为97.0%和96.4%.该工艺具有酸转化率高,后处理工艺简单的优点.     

月桂酸单甘酯的催化合成

文章以磷钨酸为催化剂,4分子筛为脱水剂,在无溶剂条件下月桂酸和甘油为原料合成月桂酸单甘酯,考察了反应温度、摩尔比（月桂酸/甘油）、反应时间、催化剂用量、分子筛用量对反应产率的影响,并确定了反应最佳条件是：反应温度200℃,摩尔比（月桂酸/甘油）1∶2.5,反应时间为2 h,磷钨酸用量为3%,分子筛用量为5%（月桂酸与...     

AlCl_3在月桂酰氯合成过程中的催化性能

采用AlCl_3为催化剂,以月桂酸和光气为原料合成月桂酰氯。考查了催化剂使用量、反应温度、光气使用量和反应时间对月桂酰氯产品含量、收率的影响。实验结果表明:当采用AlCl_3∶月桂酸质量比例为0.5%、反应温度为90～95℃、光气使用量为1.4当量、反应时间为6 h时,月桂酰氯含量99.0%,收率为96.5%。     

月桂酰醇胺的合成及性能研究

以月桂酸和二乙醇胺为原料,合成非离子表面活性剂月桂酰二乙醇胺,并对合成的产品进行了性能测定。结果表明,月桂酸与二乙醇胺之比为1∶2,反应温度为160℃,反应时间为4h,催化剂为0.5%时,产品的性能最优。     

合成2-氯丙烯腈的研究

以丙烯腈为原料,经过催化加氯、消除反应合成制得2-氯丙烯腈.主要考察了反应温度、催化剂的用量、反应时间及反应体系的pH值等对反应收率的影响.结果表明,在无溶剂条件下,加成反应温度10～15 ℃,加成催化剂L用量是丙烯腈质量的6%,通气时间3 h;不使用阻聚剂,自制消除催化剂T用量为2,3-二氯丙腈质量的8%,反应体系pH值为8时,2-氯丙烯腈的收率达到97%以上,产品纯度可达99%.     

月桂酸胺基乙醇酯的合成与表征

以月桂酸、N,N-二甲基乙醇胺和N,N-二乙基乙醇胺为原料,亚磷酸为催化剂,通过酯化反应合成月桂酸二甲胺基乙醇酯与月桂酸二乙胺基乙醇酯。月桂酸二甲胺基乙醇酯合成的较优条件为：月桂酸与N,N-二甲基乙醇胺的摩尔比为1∶1.5,催化剂用量0.2%,回流循环水温60℃,反应温度170℃,在此条件下转化率可达95.91%。月桂酸二乙胺基乙醇酯合成的较优条件为：月桂酸与N,N-二乙基乙醇胺的摩尔比为1∶1.25,催化剂用量0.2%,回流循环水温80℃,反应温度150℃,在此条件下,转化率可达98.65%。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。