基于遗传算法的两通道完全重构滤波器组的设计

介绍了两通道滤波器组的完全重构条件,利用Euclidean分解算法,将两通道滤波器组的设计问题简化为寻找给定特性的低通滤波器的最佳Euclidean互补滤波器的单变量非线性优化问题,并探讨了采用遗传算法设计此类高度非线性优化问题.最后通过设计例子说明将遗传算法应用到滤波器组的设计中是可行的.     

Perfect-reconstruction filter banks having linear-phase FIR filterswith equiripple response

The design of equiripple linear-phase analysis and synthesis FIR filters of two-channel perfect-reconstruction (PR) filter banks is formulated as the minimization of a weighted peak-error under both linear inequality (arising from the desired responses of the analysis filters) and nonlinear equality (PR) constraints. The effectiveness of a proposed method to solve the design problem (a modified dual-affine scaling variant of Karmarkar's (1989) algorithm and an approximation scheme) is illustrated through several design examples     

Lagrange multiplier approaches to the design of two-channelperfect-reconstruction linear-phase FIR filter banks

The authors present two approaches to the design of two-channel perfect-reconstruction linear-phase finite-impulse-response (FIR) filter banks. Both approaches analyze and design the impulse responses of the analysis filter bank directly. The synthesis filter bank is then obtained by simply changing the signs of odd-order coefficients in the analysis filter bank. The approach deals with unequal-length filter banks. By designing the lower length filters first, one can take advantage of the fact that the number of variables for designing the higher length filters is more than the number of perfect-reconstruction constraint equations. The second approach generalizes the first, and covers the design for all parts of linear phase perfect reconstruction constraint equations     

Two-stage, least squares design of biorthogonal filter banks

A two-stage approach is employed for the design of a class of two-channel biorthogonal filter banks. The filter banks belong to the class HPFB (halfband pair filter bank) and are defined by two kernels. The parametric Bernstein polynomial is used to construct the kernels. The design of the free parameters of the Bernstein polynomial is achieved through a least squares method. In the first stage, the analysis low-pass filter is designed and in the second stage, the synthesis lowpass filter is designed. With the two-stage approach, the design process is efficient and involves solving linear equations. The design technique allows filters with different characteristics to be designed easily.     

过采样精确重构余弦调制滤波器组的设计

本文首先推导出过采样滤波器组精确重构的条件,由于此时所需的约束条件数比临界采样时少,因而可以设计出频域衰减特性更好的滤波器用,然后提出了精确重构约束条件下原型概通江波器的一种新的设计方法,采用矢的二次型约束优化算法,该算法优化方便,收剑速度快,与其它方法相比,滤波器的阻带衰减大。     

Design of linear phase M-channel perfect reconstruction FIR filterbanks

We propose two approaches to design M channel nonparaunitary filter banks that satisfy perfect reconstruction (PR) and linear phase (LP) properties. In the first approach, the PR condition is imposed on only a high-pass filter. Although this method does not require nonlinear optimization, it has a demerit in that the order of a high-pass filter becomes high. In the second approach, two filters are optimized simultaneously using a Lagrange-Newton method. We can design PR filter banks that have the same length. The PR constraint is also formulated as a linear and nonlinear equation of the analysis filter coefficients. Finally, some design examples are included     

两通道完全重构滤波器组的设计方法:因式分解法

本文首先研究了两通道滤波器组设计的完全重构的条件以及Euclidean多项式的性质,提出了基于因式分解的两通道完全重构滤波器组的设计方法.该方法不需要进行强的非线性优化计算而可以实现真正的结构化的完全重构滤波器组.文中描述了这种方法的推导过程,给出了设计步骤,最后通过给出的设计例子,说明该方法是有效的.     

两通道低延迟滤波器组的设计

本文提出了一种用有效的迭代拉格朗日乘子法设计精确重构的两通道低延迟滤波器组.该方法具有较高的计算效率,既能设计不同长度也能设计相同长度的滤波器组.文中给出了设计例子并与其它方法进行了比较.结果表明,用该方法设计的两通道低延迟滤波器组具有更高的阻带衰减.     

Digital filter bank design quadratic-constrained formulation

Formulate the filter bank design problem as an quadratic-constrained least-squares minimization problem. The solution of the minimization problem converges very quickly since the cost function as well as the constraints are quadratic functions with respect to the unknown parameters. The formulations of the perfect-reconstruction cosine-modulated filter bank, of the near-perfect-reconstruction pseudo-QMF bank, and of the two-channel biorthogonal linear-phase filter bank are derived using the proposed approach. Compared with other design methods, the proposed technique yields PR filter banks with much higher stopband attenuation. The proposed technique can also be extended to design multidimensional filter banks     

基于多项式分解理论的低时延完全重构两通道滤波器组的设计

Euclid多项式分解算法可以用于滤波器组的设计,该文首先讨论了Euclid分解算法与低时延两通道完全重构的滤波器组设计理论,推导出可实现分解的条件,并从理论上加以证明,由于Euclid分解算法具有非唯一性,该文提出了一种新的算法以确定唯一的分解,并将这种算法用于具有低时延特性的两通道全重构滤波器组的设计,最后,通过给出的基于分解方法的设计例子,说明该方法是有效的。     

Minimax design of two-channel nonuniform-division FIR filter banks

The paper deals with the minimax design of two-channel nonuniform-division filter (NDF) banks. Based on a linearisation scheme, the design problem is formulated as an optimisation problem with linear constraints. The authors present a method to design a two-channel NDF bank using a modified dual-affine scaling variant of Karmarkar's (1984) algorithm. This method provides the optimal results that the linear-phase FIR analysis and synthesis filters have equiripple stopband response and the resulting NDF bank also shows equiripple reconstruction error behaviour. The effectiveness of the proposed design technique is demonstrated by several simulation examples     

Design of face-centred orthorhombic filter banks

In this paper, a method to design the two-channel FIR linear-phase (LP) face-centred orthorhombic (FCO) filter banks with equiripple magnitude responses and perfect-reconstruction (PR) is presented. The necessary conditions of lengths of LP FCO filter banks satisfying the PR constraint are derived. An interior-point algorithm is utilized to optimize the peak ripples of the analysis filters and a first-order approximation skill is introduced to satisfy the PR constraint. The simulation example is presented to illustrate the effectiveness of this proposed design technique.     

Discrete Lagrangian Methods for Designing Multiplierless Two-Channel PR-LP Filter Banks

In this paper, we present a new search method based on the theory of discrete Lagrange multipliers for designing multiplierless PR (perfect reconstruction) LP (linear phase) filter banks. To satisfy the PR constraints, we choose a lattice structure that, under certain conditions, can guarantee the resulting two filters to be a PR pair. Unlike the design of multiplierless QMF filter banks that represents filter coefficients directly using PO2 (powers-of-two) form (also called Canonical Signed Digit or CSD representation), we use PO2 forms to represent the parameters associated with the lattice structure. By representing these parameters as sums or differences of powers of two, multiplications can be carried out as additions, subtractions, and shifts. Using the lattice representation, we decompose the design problem into a sequence of four subproblems. The first two subproblems find a good starting point with continuous parameters using a single-objective, multi-constraint formulation. The last two subproblems first transform the continuous solution found by the second subproblem into a PO2 form, then search for a design in a mixed-integer space. We propose a new search method based on the theory of discrete Lagrange multipliers for finding good designs, and study methods to improve its convergence speed by adjusting dynamically the relative weights between the objective and the Lagrangian part. We show that our method can find good designs using at most four terms in PO2 form in each lattice parameter. Our approach is unique because our results are the first successful designs of multiplierless PR-LP filter banks. It is general because it is applicable to the design of other types of multiplierless filter banks.     

Subspace approach for the design of cosine-modulated filter bankswith linear-phase prototype filter

A method for designing perfect reconstruction (PR) prototypes for paraunitary cosine-modulated filter banks is presented. The design procedure is based on a subspace approach that allows linear combinations of even-length linear-phase PR prototype filters in such a way that the resulting filter is also a linear-phase PR prototype. Within a given subspace, the weights of the optimal linear combination can easily be computed via an eigenanalysis. The filter design is carried out iteratively while the PR property is guaranteed throughout the design process. No nonlinear optimization routine is needed. As a special case, the proposed approach allows the design of discrete-coefficient prototypes, which are of great interest for efficient hardware implementations     

General analysis of two-band QMF banks

The two-channel perfect-reconstruction quadrature-mirror-filter banks (PR QMF banks) are analyzed in detail by assuming arbitrary analysis and synthesis filters. Solutions where the filters are FIR or IIR correspond to the fact that a certain function is monomial or nonmonomial, respectively. For the monomial case, the design problem is formulated as a nonlinear constrained optimization problem. The formulation is quite robust and is able to design various two-channel filter banks such as orthogonal and biorthogonal, arbitrary delay, linear-phase filter banks, to name a few. Same formulation is used for causal and stable PR IIR filter bank solutions     

Design of low-delay FIR QMF banks using the Lagrange-multiplierapproach

A new approach for the design of two-channel perfect reconstruction FIR filter banks with short reconstruction delays is presented. A low-order filter is first designed and the objective function of the filter bank is formulated as a quadratic programming problem with linear constraints. The Lagrange-multiplier method is then used to design a higher-order filter. The method is simple, efficient, and flexible and leads to a closed-form solution. A design example is included to illustrate the advantages of the method     

Discrete wavelet transform based on cyclic convolutions

A filterbank in which cyclic convolutions are used in place of linear convolutions will be referred to as a cyclic convolution filterbank (CCFB). A dyadic tree-structured CCFB can be used to perform a discrete wavelet transform suitable for coding based on symmetric extension methods. This paper derives two types of efficient implementation techniques for the tree-structured CCFB: one using complex arithmetic and one using only real arithmetic. In addition, the present paper analyzes in detail the perfect reconstruction (PR) condition for the two-channel CCFB and shows that this condition is much less restrictive than that of usual two-channel filterbanks. When each of the two-channel CCFBs constituting a tree-structured CCFB is designed to be PR, the whole system is PR. A quadrature mirror filter (QMF) CCFB having the PR property is demonstrated to be easily designed using a standard filter design subroutine. In contrast, designing a linear-phase PR FIR QMF bank that has good frequency response is not possible when filters are realized by linear convolutions.     

一种新型伪镜像滤波器组的实现方法

本文提出了一种新型２Ｍ个通道伪镜像滤波器组的结构和设计方法。本设计方法中，低通原型滤波器采用两级级联线性相位ＦＩＲ的结构，并使得整个分析／综合系统性能近于全恢复，无群时延失真。应用此方法设计伪镜像滤波器组，分析和综合滤波器组的结构和设计方法都比较简单，算法效率高，实现比较容易，这类滤波器组可用于语音的子带编码等。本文最后给出了一个实例。     

Pade table, continued fraction expansion, and perfectreconstruction filter banks

We investigate the relationships among the Pade table, continued fraction expansions and perfect reconstruction (PR) filter banks. We show how the Pade table can be utilized to develop a new lattice structure for general two-channel bi-orthogonal perfect reconstruction (PR) filter banks. This is achieved through characterization of all two-channel biorthogonal PR filter banks. The parameterization found using this method is unique for each filter bank. Similar to any other lattice structure, the PR property is achieved structurally and the quantization of the parameters of the lattice does not effect this property. Furthermore, we demonstrate that for a given filter, the set of all complementary filters can be uniquely specified by two parameters, namely, the end-to-end delay of the system and a scalar quantity. Finally, we investigate the convergence of the successive filters found through the proposed lattice structure and develop a sufficient condition for this convergence     

Optimal design of two-channel nonuniform-division FIR filter bankswith -1, 0, and +1 coefficients

This paper deals with the optimal design of two-channel nonuniform-division filter (NDF) banks whose linear-phase FIR analysis and synthesis filters have coefficients constrained to -1, 0, and +1 only. Utilizing an approximation scheme and a weighted least squares algorithm, we present a method to design a two-channel NDF bank with continuous coefficients under each of two design criteria, namely, least-squares reconstruction error and stopband response for analysis filters and equiripple reconstruction error and least-squares stopband response for analysis filters. It is shown that the optimal filter coefficients can be obtained by solving only linear equations. In conjunction with the proposed filter structure, a method is then presented to obtain the desired design result with filter coefficients constrained to -1, 0, and +1 only. The effectiveness of the proposed design technique is demonstrated by several simulation examples