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海水反渗透淡化技术的分析与探讨 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
反渗透海水淡化技术是一种高效、节能、先进的液体分离技术.论述了目前国内外海水反渗透淡化技术的应用现状,着重介绍了反渗透膜材料及特点、膜污染及清洗、典型的海水反渗透淡化流程,探讨了反渗透海水淡化技术目前存在的问题及未来发展趋势. 相似文献
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反渗透海水淡化技术以其特有的优点得到了越来越广泛的应用,近几十年来我国对该技术的研究取得了较大发展。该文综述了反渗透海水淡化技术的发展过程及应用状况,重点介绍了反渗透膜、预处理技术、能量回收技术、反渗透系统优化设计等方面的技术进步及存在的问题,根据该技术研究及应用现状,提出了我国反渗透海水淡化技术未来发展的看法。 相似文献
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超滤+反渗透组合的双膜法在海水淡化中已经得到广泛应用,然而反渗透膜的污染问题严重影响了正常生产。淤泥密度指数(SDI)已经成为评价反渗透进水水质的主要指标。通过对超滤出水水质进行检测分析并对反渗透膜主要污染物进行分析,探讨目前胶州湾海水淡化过程中反渗透进水SDI的影响因素及各因素影响程度,结果表明:微生物作为自然水体中广泛存在的生物,其随季节和温度变化造成的总量变化是影响SDI的最主要因素;水体中的硫酸盐以及Si、Al、Fe胶体是造成膜污染的主要无机污染物;此外,浊度与水样的SDI没有相关关系,也不能在反渗透过程中对水质情况进行有效衡量。最后,针对影响SDI的微生物因素的研究以及膜表面无机胶体的清洗提出未来发展方向。 相似文献
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简要论述了反渗透海水淡化的各种新型膜法预处理技术研究进展情况及其在国内外的具体运用情况,内容主要涵括连续微滤技术(CMF)、浸没式帘式膜过滤、超滤技术、纳滤技术以及陶瓷膜过滤.并指出膜法预处理将成为今后反渗透海水淡化预处理的主要发展方向. 相似文献
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国外船用反渗透海水淡化装置 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
船舶日常生产及动力装置的淡水供应问题是涉及舰船续航力和部队战斗力的关键课题。本文简要介绍了几种船用海水淡化装置的性能;分析和评价了RO法与蒸发法制取淡水的优缺点:提出了RO船用装置设计与运行的某些性能特点以及RO装置船舶应用的前景。 相似文献
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本文介绍了ELGA反渗透装置的运行实验,通过对实验结果的分析讨论提出了二次脱盐理论:溶液区溶质化学位相-膜相分离脱盐及膜区膜压的玻尔兹曼分布脱盐。应用二次脱盐理论,分析RO装置的脱盐率与各运行参数之间的关系,从而代到了其最佳运行状态和清洗反渗透膜的最好方法。 相似文献
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Recent advances in polymer and polymer composite membranes for reverse and forward osmosis processes
Semipermeable membranes are the core elements for membrane water desalination technologies such as commercial reverse osmosis (RO) process and emerging forward osmosis (FO) process. Structural and chemical properties of the semipermeable membranes determine water flux, salt rejection, fouling resistance, and chemical stability, which greatly impact energy consumption and costs in osmosis separation processes. In recent years, significant progress has been made in the development of high-performance polymer and polymer composite membranes for desalination applications. This paper reviews recent advances in different polymer-based RO and FO desalination membranes in terms of materials and strategies developed for improving properties and performances. 相似文献
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The increasing complexity of desalting plants demands consideration of operational and maintenance factors in the design phase. Applications of the fault tree techniques to RO sea water desalination systems are illustrated; critical failure problem areas are identified and methods of improving the performance of the RO desalination plants are recommended. Failure data has been extracted from operation and maintenance reports of the operating RO desalination plants in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. An assessment is also made of the impact of failures and outages on the availability of the plant. 相似文献
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Distillation vs. membrane filtration: overview of process evolutions in seawater desalination 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
The worldwide need for fresh water requires more and more plants for the treatment of non-conventional water sources. During the last decades, seawater has become an important source of fresh water in many arid regions. The traditional desalination processes [reverse osmosis (RO), multi stage flash (MSF), multi effect distillation (MED), electrodialysis (ED)] have evoluated to reliable and established processes; current research focuses on process improvements in view of a lower cost and a more environmentally friendly operation. This paper provides an overview of recent process improvements in seawater desalination using RO, MSF, MED and ED. Important topics that are discussed include the use of alternative energy sources (wind energy, solar energy, nuclear energy) for RO or distillation processes, and the impact of the different desalination process on the environment; the implementation of hybrid processes in seawater desalination; pretreatment of desalination plants by pressure driven membrane processes (microfiltration, ultrafiltration and nanofiltration) compared to chemical pretreatment; new materials to prevent corrosion in distillation processes; and the prevention of fouling in reverse osmosis units. These improvements contribute to the cost effectiveness of the desalination process, and ensure a sustainable production of drinking water on long terms in regions with limited reserves of fresh water. 相似文献
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用海水淡化法解决海岛用水 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
我国多数海岛属于资源性缺水,解决用水困难的途径有两条,海底管道从大陆调水和海水淡化就地制水。文章详细分析了影响反渗透海水淡化成本的诸因素,对不同生产容量反渗透海水淡化工厂的投资及生产成本进行了预测。针对舟山某岛群的地理条件对海底管道引水和就地海水淡化制水进行了综合比较。最后提出解决该岛用水短缺的可行方案。 相似文献