Effect of Oxide Particle Size on Electron Emission and Vacuum Arc Characteristic of Mo-La2O3 Cathode

采用高能球磨及热压烧结工艺制备了Mo-4%（质量分数,下同）La2O3纳米复合的阴极材料,其中La2O3的颗粒尺寸小于100 nm;作为比较,商业W-4% ThO2阴极材料中的ThO2颗粒尺寸为1~2 μm。Mo-La2O3纳米阴极材料的平均真空起始电场强度为2.97×107 V/m,比商业W-ThO2阴极材料低62.7%。纳米复合的Mo-La2O3阴极材料具有优异的电子发射性能,其电子发射点的分布面积和密度明显大于商业W-ThO2阴极材料。氧化物的颗粒尺寸对于阴极材料的电子发射性能以及真空电弧特性有显著的影响。随着La2O3颗粒尺寸的减小,Mo-La2O3阴极材料的电子发射性能提高。当La2O3的颗粒尺寸减小到小于100 nm时,Mo-La2O3 阴极材料的电子发射面积和能力显著增加。纳米复合Mo-La2O3阴极材料电子发射性能的增强归因于在相界面上形成了高的内电场和空间电荷区。     

氧化物颗粒尺寸对Mo-La_2O_3阴极电子发射及真空电弧特性的影响(英文)

采用高能球磨及热压烧结工艺制备了Mo-4%(质量分数,下同)La2O3纳米复合的阴极材料,其中La2O3的颗粒尺寸小于100 nm;作为比较,商业W-4%Th O2阴极材料中的Th O2颗粒尺寸为1~2μm。Mo-La2O3纳米阴极材料的平均真空起始电场强度为2.97×107V/m,比商业W-Th O2阴极材料低62.7%。纳米复合的Mo-La2O3阴极材料具有优异的电子发射性能,其电子发射点的分布面积和密度明显大于商业W-Th O2阴极材料。氧化物的颗粒尺寸对于阴极材料的电子发射性能以及真空电弧特性有显著的影响。随着La2O3颗粒尺寸的减小,Mo-La2O3阴极材料的电子发射性能提高。当La2O3的颗粒尺寸减小到小于100 nm时,Mo-La2O3阴极材料的电子发射面积和能力显著增加。纳米复合Mo-La2O3阴极材料电子发射性能的增强归因于在相界面上形成了高的内电场和空间电荷区。     

钕铁硼磁体表面电沉积纳米氧化硅复合镀锌层的研究

目的增强钕铁硼材料的耐腐蚀性能。方法在钕铁硼磁体材料表面电沉积含有氧化硅、氧化钛纳米粒子的复合锌层。结果在氯化物镀锌溶液中加入10 g/L的氧化硅纳米粒子,可以获得氧化硅质量分数在3%以上的氧化硅纳米粒子复合镀锌层,而加入10 g/L的氧化钛纳米粒子的镀液所获得的复合镀层中,氧化钛的质量分数只有0.3%。结论中性盐雾腐蚀和盐水浸泡腐蚀试验结果表明,含有氧化硅纳米颗粒的复合镀锌层的耐腐蚀性能得到了提高,而含有氧化钛纳米颗粒的复合镀锌层的耐腐蚀性能则没有提高。含有纳米粒子的复合镀液经过1年的放置和间断使用,仍然保持着纳米颗粒均匀分散的稳定性和在镀层中稳定析出氧化硅纳米粒子的特征。     

Sn~(2+)掺杂TiO_2/Cu复合粒子的制备及可见光催化性能

以钛酸丁酯为原料,利用胶溶-回流法在室温下制备具有可见光活性的Sn2+掺杂纳米TiO2/Cu复合粒子.FE-SEM观察表明,TiO2颗粒覆盖在铜粉表面形成纳米/微米复合结构.利用XPS确定复合粒子的表面元素状态,据此分析了Sn2+掺杂抑制TiO2晶粒长大的原因.UV-Vis吸收光谱分析表明,负载金属Cu后使半导体的吸收限明显红移,除紫外区的吸收之外,TiO2/Cu复合粒子在可见光区吸收带出现了522.5nm突跃波长.以甲基橙为模型化合物的降解实验显示出所制粉体良好的可见光活性.     

Au/CdTe纳米复合材料的静电作用制备及表征(英文)

将相反电荷的纳米Au和纳米CdTe通过静电作用得到纳米复合Au/CdTe粒子。在水溶液中分别用二甲氨基吡啶和巯基丙酸稳定纳米Au和CdTe粒子,使其表面分别带有正电荷与负电荷。Au/CdTe纳米复合材料的表面等离子体吸收光谱随着Au含量的增加而红移,表明纳米复合Au/CdTe粒子的长大是由于配位形成而引起的。纳米Au和纳米CdTe的比影响纳米复合Au/CdTe粒子的结构。复合纳米Au/CdTe粒子的尺寸和形状是影响金属/半导体纳米复合材料性能的重要参数。用小角X射线散射技术、透射电子显微镜、循环伏安法和X射线光电子能谱来表征纳米复合Au/CdTe粒子。     

高能球磨过程中Ti与BN的反应

通过研究高能球磨工艺制备纳米复合粉体过程中Ti与BN的反应过程和机理,对所制备粉体的显微结构进行了表征．实验结果表明,采用金属Ti和BN为原料,球磨10h后,即形成球状纳米复合粉体,其中球状粉体颗粒的尺寸在随后的球磨过程中基本保持不变．BN由于球磨而发生解理进而包裹Ti颗粒可能是形成稳定的球状纳米颗粒的原因．球磨30h后,Ti与BN开始反应生成TiN．TiN纳米粒子与未反应的Ti,B和BN共同形成平均粒径约100nm的、较均匀分布的球状纳米复合粉体．     

稀土复合发光材料的开发

1理化性能 纳米稀土复合米发光材料是指基质的粒子尺寸在1-100nm的发光材料,它包括纯的纳米半导体发光材料以及稀土离子和过渡金属离子掺杂的纳米氧化物、硫化物、复合氧化物和各种无机盐发光材料。     

草莓型nm-TiO2／μm-Cu复合粒子的制备及特征

以钛酸丁酯为原料,通过溶胶-回流的方法在80 ℃下制备了nm-TiO2/μm-Cu复合粒子.以铜粉在酸性介质中的耐腐蚀性为定量化指标,应用正交设计优化了制备工艺.利用场发射扫描电镜(FE-SEM)、XRD、XPS、TG-DTA等手段对复合粒子进行研究.FE-SEM观察表明,所制备的粒子呈现草莓型,粒径100 nm左右的TiO2颗粒覆盖在铜粉表面形成纳米/微米复合结构.XRD结果显示,利用空载试验获得的TiO2颗粒试样呈非晶态.XPS分析表明,复合粒子的表面存在Cu2 、Ti4 、Sn2 等.TG-DTA结果显示,复合粒子的氧化温度较原始铜粉提高了200 ℃,且复合粒子与原始铜粉具有不同的高温氧化过程.     

不同壳层厚度Au@SiO_2的表面增强拉曼效应

通过电偶置换反应制备了尺寸在30~35 nm的结晶性良好的Au纳米颗粒,并成功在其表面包覆了不同厚度的Si O2壳层,利用TEM、HRTEM和UV-Vis对样品的结构和形貌进行了表征,并以罗丹明6G(R6G)为探针分子,对Au@SiO_2复合粒子的表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)效应进行了研究。结果显示,相对于Au纳米颗粒,Au@SiO_2复合粒子显著提高了拉曼信号的质量和检测的灵敏度,且Si O2壳层厚度对其SRES效应影响显著,壳层厚度为2 nm的复合粒子对R6G分子的检测极限可达10~(-7)mol/L。     

磁性荧光复合纳米颗粒的合成、表征及应用

首先通过共价键合法制备了羧甲基壳聚糖修饰(CMCS)的Fe3O4-CMCH复合纳米颗粒,然后与谷胱甘肽修饰的Cd Te@Zn S QDs通过酰胺缩合反应连接,并在此复合纳米颗粒表面再修饰一层CMCS,最终制备出以CMCS为基质的磁性荧光复合纳米颗粒。利用XRD、TEM、SEM、FT-IR、UV-vis、VSM和荧光光谱等方法对产物性能进行了表征与分析。结果表明:磁性荧光复合微球具有良好的单分散性,平均粒径为170±5 nm;且具有良好的磁性能和发光性能,饱和磁化强度为37.25 Am2/kg;当加入CMCS的浓度为6×10-10 mol/L时,复合纳米颗粒的荧光强度最强;在模拟人体的生理环境下检测,复合纳米颗粒显示出良好的缓释性能。     

Hydrothermal synthesis and characterization of mesoporous zinc selenide agglomerates by nitrogen bubble templates

Mesoporous coral-like and litchi-like zinc selenide agglomerates were successfully synthesized with sodium selenite and zinc acetate dihydrate as precursors by adding hydrazine hydrate using the hydrothermal method. The experimental parameters were varied and hard agglomerates of small nanoparticles were observed. Increasing amounts of hydrazine hydrate were added to control the pH values of the reaction system. The effective control of the morphology and size of the ZnSe nanopores agglomerates by varying the pH was also demonstrated. The N₂ bubble templates produced provided the aggregation centers during the reaction, and then result in agglomerates of the small ZnSe nanoparticles with mesopores. The litchi-like zinc selenide has two different morphologies, including hollow spherical agglomerates comprising of 4-8 nm diameter nanoparticles and 15-25 nm diameter nanorods. The coral-like ZnSe mesoporous structure has a very high specific surface area of 129 m²/g and an emission band at 626 nm as measured by a photoluminescence (PL).     

Synthesis,Characterization, and Gas Sensing Properties of Pure and Mn-doped ZnO Nanocrystalline Particles

Nanocrystalline ZnO and Mn (1 wt.%)-doped ZnO particles have been synthesized via reverse micelle method. The structural, particulate, and optical properties of the synthesized nanoparticles have been studied by XRD, TEM, UV-Vis, and PL spectroscopy. The obtained data indicate the synthesis of the pure nanoparticles structure with wurtzite structure, average particle size of 18-21 nm, and high optical quality. Gas sensing properties of the nanocrystalline ZnO and Mn-doped ZnO particles toward gasoline and ethanol vapors have been investigated at different temperatures and concentrations. The results show that the optimum working temperature of the gas sensors based on ZnO and Mn-doped ZnO particles are about 633 and 620 K toward ethanol vapor and about 560 and 608 K toward gasoline vapor, respectively. Based on the results, although Mn impurities reduce the sensitivity of the ZnO gas sensor, they cause sensor to saturate at much higher gas concentration.     

Statistical model for atomic distances and site occupation in zinc-blende diluted magnetic semiconductors (DMSs)

The statistical strained-tetrahedra model is applied to describe the behaviour of zinc-blende ternary diluted magnetic semiconductors (DMSs) with manganese. Validation is confirmed by comparing calculated and published extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) measurements relative to average nearest-neighbour and next nearest-neighbour inter-ion distances in zinc blende DMSs at different Mn contents. The sizes, shapes and site occupation preferences (SOPs) with respect to random, of elemental-configuration tetrahedra, are fully defined for ZnMnSe, ZnMnS and ZnMnTe. For CdMnTe and HgMnTe, all the tetrahedra are defined, with the exception of the configuration with a central Te ion and two cations of each kind at the vertices, which remains inaccessible due to lack of relative experimental data. It is shown that SOPs can normally be derived from EXAFS observation of the variation either of distance or of coordination-number measurements as a function of dilution, with both sets giving results in good agreement.     

溶液法和反胶束法制备Fe-B颗粒的结构和磁性能

采用溶液法和反胶束法合成Fe-B磁性纳米颗粒.通过XRD、TEM、ICP、VSM等手段,依次对Fe-B纳米颗粒的结构、形貌、成分、磁性能进行表征,并针对两种方法所得结果进行对比分析.采用溶液法制备的Fe-B纳米颗粒为晶体结构,颗粒尺寸在20~70 nm;反胶束法合成的Fe-B磁性纳米颗粒一般为非晶结构,颗粒尺寸细小(约5 nm).ICP颗粒成分分析结果表明,两种方法制备的Fe-B颗粒中B含量不同,溶液法制备的Fe-B颗粒中B含量约为17.8 at%;而反胶束法制备的Fe-B颗粒,其B含量较高,达34.9 at%.上述结构、颗粒尺寸和B含量的差异,导致了两种方法合成的Fe-B颗粒在磁性能方面的差别.     

CTAB/正己醇/水反胶束体系中合成PPy/TiO2纳米复合粒子

通过溶胶-凝胶法制备了TiO2纳米粒子,并用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)/正己醇/水反胶束体系作为微反应器合成了聚吡咯(PPy)/TiO2纳米复合粒子.利用透射电镜(TEM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、红外光谱仪(FTIR)、X-射线衍射仪(XRD)对纳米复合粒子进行了表征.实验结果表明,PPy/TiO2球形粒子的平均粒径为150～200 nm,在复合粒子中球形粒子占据优势,并有团聚的趋势.FTIR和XRD结果显示纳米复合材料由PPy和TiO2组成,无机复合粒子只有部分形成晶体.从该研究结果中可以看出,反胶束法可以有效地应用于有机-无机纳米复合材料的制备.     

Synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles by a reverse micelle process

The preparation of silver nanoparticles by the reduction of AgNO₃ with hydrazine in lgepal CO-520/cyclohexane reverse micelle solutions has been studied. Transmission electron microscope, electron diffraction, and X-ray diffraction pattern analyses revealed the resultant particles to be silver. The average size of the synthesized nanoparticles first increased and thereafter approached a constant value with increased molar ratio of water to Igepal CO 520 and with increasing concentration of AgNO₃.     

Adsorption characteristics of zinc ions on sodium dodecyl sulfate in process of micellar-enhanced ultrafiltration

To sepantte zinc ions from aqueous solution efficiently, micellar-enhanced ultrafiltration（MEUF） of hollow ultrafiltration membrane was used with sodium dodecyl sulfate（SDS） as surfactant.The formation of micellar and the adsorption mechanism were investigated including the influence office ratio of SDS to zinc ions on the micelle quantity, the micelle ratio, the gross adsorptive capacity, the rejection of zinc ions and the adsorption isotherm law. The results show that the rejection rate of zinc ions reaches 97% and the adsorption of zinc ions on SDS conforms to the Langmuir adsorption isotherm and the adsorption is a chemical adsorption process.     

硒化锌晶片抛光的研究

采用化学机械抛光（CMP）的方法,使用自主研发的氧化铝抛光液作为研磨介质,通过对硒化锌（ZnSe）晶片进行抛光实验,得出了氧化铝磨粒的粒度尺寸、抛光液的pH值、氧化剂种类及质量分数对ZnSe晶片表面状态和去除率的影响。实验结果表明:氧化铝抛光液适宜ZnSe晶片的抛光,采用质量分数15%的氧化铝抛光液（氧化铝粒度尺寸200 nm）,加入质量分数3%的次氯酸钠浸泡24 h,抛光液的pH值为8,试验结果较佳,此时去除率可达2 μm/min,晶片表面平整无划痕,表面质量较理想。      

Synthesis, characterization and microwave absorption property of doped polyaniline nanocomposites containing TiO2 nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes

As nanomaterial possessing moderate conductivity, magnetic and dielectric property, novel hexanoic acid (HA)-doped polyaniline (PAni) nanocomposites containing TiO₂ nanoparticles (dielectric filler) and carbon nanotubes, CNTs (magnetic fillers such as single-walled carbon nanotube, SWNT and multi-walled carbon nanotube, MWNT) were prepared by template free method. The PAni were characterized by UV, FTIR, X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric (TGA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses. Conductivity, magnetization, dielectric and microwave absorption properties of PAni were also investigated. The resulted nanorods/tubes as shown in SEM images clearly show that polymerization is proceeded in micelle/water interface through elongation. During template free method, TiO₂ and CNT exist in the center of Ani/HA micelle. The SEM images show that some of the CNT enwrapped with PAni layer indicate CNT are just packed underneath the PAni and never attacked by PAni. PAni/HA/TiO₂/SWNT with 20% of SWNT exhibits the best microwave absorption property (99.2% absorption) with reflection loss of −21.7 dB at 6 GHz due to its moderate conductivity (1.27 S/cm), magnetization (M_s = 1.01 emu/g), highest tan δ and heterogeneity.     

Synthesis and properties of zinc nanoparticles: The role and prospects of radiation chemistry in the development of modern nanotechnology

Zinc-containing nanoparticles stable in the liquid phase are synthesized by the radiation chemical reduction of zinc ions in solutions of inverse micelles. The effects of the absorbed radiation dose and the size of the micelle water pool on the spectral characteristics of samples are studied. The HPLC and electron microscopy results indicate that the composition of nanoparticles synthesized depends on the salt nature. Original Russian Text ? A.A. Revina, E.V. Oksentyuk, A.A. Fenin, 2007, published in Zashchita Metallov, 2007, Vol. 43, No. 6, pp. 613–618.