铜渣综合利用的研究进展

由于我国铜矿石资源具有含量低、共伴生矿多的特点,在冶炼后的铜渣中含有大量可以利用的二次资源.文章从不同方面介绍了国内外综合利用铜渣的现状,并提出了综合利用铜渣所存在的问题,为以后铜渣的综合利用研究提供了一个切入点.     

铜渣中铜铁资源化利用研究进展

铜渣作为铜冶炼副产物,其中有价金属含量远高于原矿品位,但现有工艺回收率低,铜、铁高效分离难度大。对国内外铜渣及提铜尾矿的处理技术进行简要总结,分别叙述了铜渣及提铜尾矿的主要处理技术和研究进展,并对铜渣资源化利用前景进行了展望。     

铜渣浸出提锌富集铜探索试验

对锌系统铜镉渣综合回收所产铜渣进行了浸出提锌富集铜的探索试验,采取了水浸、低酸浸、高酸浸三种浸出方式。试验结果表明,Zn浸出约80%,Fe浸出50%-75%,Cu可浸出50%。锌粉置换后铜渣含铜能富集一倍,但铜渣中Pb、Zn之和较高。     

国内外铜渣的贫化

介绍了铜渣的物质组成、国内外铜渣贫化的方法及国内外各种铜渣贫化分离方法的工业应用实例及分离效果,简述了从含铜炉渣中提取其他有价金属的方法,并扼要地介绍了"选择性析出与分离"技术在铜渣贫化与利用方面的可行性及应用.对未来铜渣的贫化分离的发展提出了一些看法.     

智利铜渣还原:一个废物管理项目的案例

智利的铜冶炼厂正在产出大量的铜渣,这些铜渣堆存于填埋场.现在,智利积累了大量的铜渣.填埋的主要问题不仅仅是每年铜渣占用土地空间的问题,而且这些铜渣的填埋还带来了很多相关的环保问题、较高的处置和运输成本问题.因此,环保政策现在的焦点是将废物最小化和进行回收,目的是最大限度地减少运输和处置成本,节约资源和占地空间.铜渣含有很多有用的金属和造渣氧化物,可以采用高温直接还原工艺来进行回收.实验室规模的试验表明,建议采用高温直接还原方法来处理铜渣,可以获得两种产品:Fe- Cu -C合金(含有贵金属)及惰性渣(金属含量低).Fe - Cu -C合金可用于金属生产,而惰性渣(类似于高炉渣)可用于水泥生产.从商业角度来看,采用高温直接还原方法处理铜渣是可行的,从环保角度来看,没有任何固体和液体废物.     

铜渣资源化利用研究现状及展望

铜渣富含多种有价元素,是典型的具有开发利用价值的二次资源,其清洁高值化利用是铜行业可持续发展迫切需要解决的问题。随着科技水平的进步,铜渣的处理方式逐步由低值化处理向高值化利用转变。对铜渣的特性进行了详细论述,并阐述了铜渣资源化利用的各种工艺路径和特点。物理分选、火法富集、湿法分离等方法协同互补工艺开发仍是该领域的研究热点和发展趋势。铜渣中Fe, Si, Cu, Zn,Pb等有价组元的整体利用,铜渣高值化与清洁无渣化是解决铜渣问题的必然选择。最后,对铜渣资源化利用的发展方向进行展望,为铜渣的可持续循环利用提供参考价值。     

铜渣处理技术分析及综合利用新工艺

对已有的铜渣处理工艺进行评述,指出存在的问题,在此基础上对铜渣配碳还原过程进行详细的热力学分析,提出了含碳球团-转底炉法处理铜渣的新工艺。与原有的铜渣处理技术相比,该工艺具有流程短、环境负荷小、有价元素综合利用率高等优点,是解决铜渣综合利用问题的一种很有发展前途的方法。     

浮选药剂Z200在某铜渣选矿中的应用研究

本文研究捕收剂单独使用Z200、Z200和丁黄药联合使用、8520CN和Z200联合使用,进行铜渣浮选试验找出Z200最佳的用量。试验中调整剂采用碳酸钠,起泡剂用2#油。试验方案中Z200单独使用品位可以提的比较高,但回收率过低,试验方案中采用Z200+8520CN作为联合捕收剂,对于铜渣进行浮选,回收率和品位比较理想。同时也进行了除铁再浮选试验。通过试验研究,研究Z200单独使用、混合使用对于铜渣中铜的回收效果,优化铜渣选矿捕收剂的应用。     

高碲铜渣浸出工艺研究

高碲铜渣在进行常规湿法工艺处理时,碲、铜回收率低且分离效果不佳,采用控制氧化浸出的工艺处理高碲铜渣,提高碲、铜的回收率,碲回收率可达95%以上,且碲、铜得到很好的分离。     

氧化钙在铜渣还原过程中的作用

 铜渣是火法炼铜过程中产生的固体废弃物,其中铁质量分数约为40%,中国每年排放的铜渣量高达1 400万t,因此,研究铜渣还原提铁对资源综合利用具有重要意义。结合铜渣的物相分布,介绍了氧化钙在铜渣还原过程中的促进和抑制两种作用机理。促进作用包括氧化钙可以显著降低铜渣还原体系的反应初始温度、破坏铜渣中铁橄榄石结构、促进渣相中氧化亚铁的释放、降低铁晶粒的成核势垒,并加速铁晶粒的成核。抑制作用为氧化钙与硅氧化物生成高熔点的钙硅酸盐,增加铜渣渣相的固相率,阻碍铁晶粒的聚集、长大。     

A New Technology for Copper Slag Reduction to Get Molten Iron and Copper Matte

The change of iron composition as well as the removal of copper from iron was investigated in the reduction process,and a new way to deal with copper slag was proposed.The iron in copper slag exists mainly in the form of fayalite,and the copper sulfide content accounts for just about 50%.Therefore,the magnetic separation as well as grinding floatation method is not suitable,and a pyrogenic treatment on copper slag is necessary.The carburization and desulfurization process is restricted to a degree within the carbon composite pellets,and copper matte phase precipitates from copper slag in the reduction process,which is immiscible with molten iron and slag.The copper content decreases to 0.4% as the carbon content in molten iron reaches 3.84%,and the removal ratio of copper from molten iron approaches to 80%.The reduction and sulfurization process can be completed in one step,and the copper is separated from iron based on the ternary system of iron-matte-slag.     

Magnetite reduction in copper converter slag using biodiesel produced from waste cooking oil

In copper smelting process, oxygen-enriched smelting leads to the enrichment of magnetite and increase of slag viscosity, which is not conducive to the sedimentation and separation of copper. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce magnetite in order to improve the recovery rate of copper. In this work, biodiesel produced from waste cooking oil was used to replace carbon and diesel, which should be more economical and environment-friendly. Effects of temperature and reaction time on biodiesel pyrolysis, magnetite reduction and slag viscosity were studied. It was found that the main products of biodiesel pyrolysis were carbon monoxide, hydrogen, methane, and carbon. Because methane will decompose to carbon and hydrogen at 823 K, the main reducing agents during magnetite reduction were hydrogen and carbon. With increasing reduction time and temperature, the magnetite phase in the copper slag gradually decreased, while the fayalite phase gradually increased. After injecting biodiesel into molten copper slag at 1523 K for 4 minutes, magnetite was reduced from 31.6% to less than 0.6% and the viscosity decreased from 1.43 poise to 0.68 poise. This low viscosity is beneficial for separation and recovery of copper from the molten slag.     

反射炉炼铜渣综合利用技术研究

在铜熔炼反射炉渣中铜铁赋存状态分析基础上,采用火法贫化和磁选技术对炉渣进行综合利用探索。此反射炉渣含1.06%Cu和36.41%Fe,其中32.5%的Fe以Fe3O4形式存在,53.5%的Fe以2FeO.S iO2形式存在,铜、铁、硅矿物紧密共生,相互交织。研究结果表明,转炉渣返回贫化作业会导致反射炉渣含铜较高,添加一定量黄铁矿精矿,采用火法贫化工艺能有效降低渣含铜。将贫化后铜渣脱硅缓冷、磁选,所得铁精矿品位62%,回收率达70.2%,实现了反射炉熔炼渣的综合利用,可用作炼铁原料。     

硫脲法处理银精矿的研究

以某厂湿法炼锌浸出渣浮选所得的银精矿为原料,用硫脲对其进行络合浸出,并用锌粉分步还原回收浸出液中的银和铜。结果表明,银浸出率保持在90%左右,锌粉分步还原可得到含银80%左右的银绵和含铜60%左右的铜渣。银绵经火法处理得粗银锭,再经电解可得精银,二次还原后液可直接返回浸出流程,可使硫脲得到循环利用。经生产中试,该工艺可应用于工业生产并取得较好的经济效益。     

黄铜水平连铸渣中的金属回收

本文对黄铜水平连铸覆盖物渣中回收铜和锌的工艺过程进行了探讨。基于铜渣的结构和组成特点,对铜渣中的铜和锌采用火法精炼、电解精炼提取铜,浸出液除杂、电积提取锌的方法进行回收。     

地沟油生物柴油与石化柴油喷吹还原铜渣中磁性铁的研究

对柴油和地沟油生物柴油还原铜渣中磁性铁的特性进行研究,通过研究柴油和生物柴油高温热解产物分布规律来阐述其对铜渣中磁性铁的还原过程。结果表明,还原之后渣中磁性铁含量降低,铁橄榄石相逐渐增多;在还原过程中,液体还原剂首先热解为焦炭、H_2、CO和CH_4,随后热解产物将渣中的Fe_3O_4还原成FeO,FeO与游离态的SiO_2结合形成铁橄榄石相;与石化柴油相比,地沟油生物柴油对铜渣中磁性铁的还原效果更好,可能是由于地沟油生物柴油高温热解气体产物的产率更高。利用地沟油生物柴油替代铜渣电炉贫化工艺中的柴油作为还原剂是可行的。     

Assessment of slag and copper equilibrium in Vaniukov two-zone converter

Abstract

A brand new process of blister copper production from copper matte and concentrates in the two-zone Vaniukov converter has been developed at the Gipronickel Institute facility. Thermodynamic analysis of exchange interaction has been performed for the ‘slag melt-metal phase formed in the over-the-lance area of the Vaniukov converter reduction zone’ system and for ‘slag melt-bottom phase of blister copper located in the bottom (under-the-lance) area of the Vaniukov converter’ system. Based on the thermodynamic analysis data, the original design of the two-zone Vaniukov converter has been proven to be able to create conditions ensuring production of blister copper of higher quality, as compared to the one-zone Vaniukov converter process, copper concentration in slag being substantially lower.     

Smelting Oxidation Desulfurization of Copper Slags

 According to the mechanism of sulfur removal easily through oxidation, the process of smelting oxidation desulfurization of copper slags is studied, which supplies a new thinking for obtaining the molten iron of lower sulfur content by smelting reduction of copper slags. Special attention is given to the effects of the holding temperature, the holding time and CaF2, CaO addition amounts on the desulfurization rate of copper slags. The results indicate that the rate of copper slags smelting oxidation desulfurization depends on the matte mass transfer rate through the slag phase. After the oxidation treatment, sulfur of copper slags can be removed as SO2 efficiently. Amount of Ca2+ of copper slags affects the desulfurization rate greatly, and the slag desulfurization rate is reduced by adding a certain amount of CaF2 and CaO. Compared with CaF2, CaO is negative to slags sulfur removal with equal Ca2+ addition. Under the air flow of 0. 3 L/min, the sulfur content of copper slags can be reduced to 0. 00467% in the condition of the holding time of 3 min and the holding temperature of 1500 ℃. The sulfur content of molten iron is reduced to 0. 0008% in the smelting reduction of treated slags, and the problem of high sulfur content of molten iron obtained by smelting reduction with copper slag has been successively solved.     

高硅氧化铜矿还原熔炼渣黏度研究及Iida模型应用

针对刚果（金）某高硅、低铁氧化铜矿还原熔炼过程渣铜分离困难、铜收得率低等问题,研究了配加不同CaO和FeO含量对还原熔炼渣黏度的影响规律,并在此基础上优化了Iida黏度预测模型,为实现CaO-SiO2-MgO-Al2O3-FeO渣系黏度的精准控制提供支撑。结果表明,该熔炼渣黏度随CaO和FeO含量的增加而逐渐下降。调控终渣碱度大于0.5、FeO含量大于3%,可有效改善熔炼渣黏度。利用优化后的Iida黏度预报模型可在较大成分与温度范围内进行本体系熔渣黏度的预测,预报相对误差在10%以内。