表面修饰ZrO2纳米颗粒对液体石蜡抗磨性能的影响

采用原位修饰方法制备了双烷基二硫代磷酸盐(DDP)表面修饰的ZrO2纳米颗粒,利用四球摩擦磨损试验机考察了ZrO2/DDP复合纳米微粒用于添加剂的摩擦学行为。用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和能量散射谱仪(EDS)观察、分析了磨斑表面形貌,并探讨了复合纳米微粒添加剂的润滑作用机制。摩擦磨损结果表明,ZrO2/DDP复合纳米微粒添加剂具有优良的抗磨损性能,能显著提高液体石蜡的失效载荷;表面分析结果表明,在摩擦过程中ZrO2/DDP复合纳米微粒聚集在边界润滑膜中,对磨损表面起到修复作用。     

A study of S-[2-(acetamido) benzothiazol-1-yl]N,N-dibutyl dithiocarbamate as an oil additive in liquid paraffin

A heterocyclic derivative of S-[2-(acetamido) benzothiazol-1-yl]N,N-dibutyl dithiocarbamate was synthesized and its tribological behavior as an additive in liquid paraffin was evaluated using a four-ball tester. The nature of the film formed on the rubbed surface was investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). On the basis of the experimental results, the novel additive shows excellent antiwear property and friction reduction property similar to ZDDP, and exhibits better load-carrying capacity than ZDDP. Besides those, the novel compound has good anticorrosive property and high thermal stability. The results of XPS analyses illustrate that the prepared compound as an additive in paraffinic base oil forms a protective film containing ferric sulfide, ferric sulfate, organicsulfur compound and organicnitrogen compound on the rubbed surface.     

层状硅酸钙作为润滑添加剂的减摩抗磨性能研究

制备出油酸改性的层状硅酸钙材料,用四球机和面摩擦试验机考察改性层状硅酸钙材料作为润滑添加剂在液体石蜡中的抗磨减摩作用,并通过扫描电子显微镜观察分析磨损表面形貌.结果表明:所制备的改性层状硅酸钙材料在基础油中有较好的分散稳定性,在适宜添加量范围内和一定的载荷下可以明显增强液体石蜡的减摩抗磨性能;层状硅酸钙层间易滑动,作为润滑添加剂可使摩擦因数降低;晶体结构发生挤压变形,以片状形式脱落,并在摩擦表面形成含有Ca和Si的润滑膜,起到良好的抗磨作用;层状硅酸钙特殊的层状结构,是其具有优良减摩抗磨性能的原因.     

Tribological performance and action mechanism of certain S,N heterocyclic compounds as potential lubricating oil additives

The tribological performance of 2-(N-alkylcarbamoylmethyl)thiobenzo-thiazole as an additive to liquid paraffin has been evaluated. The novel compound possesses higher load capacity and better lubricating characteristics. The tribochemical reaction of the additive with a metal surface was investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and scanning Auger microprobe techniques. An action mechanism is also proposed.     

Tribological properties of the film formed by borated dioctyl dithiocarbamate as an additive in liquid paraffin

This paper discusses the preparation of borated dioctyl dithiocarbamate as an oil-soluble antiwear and extreme pressure additive for lubricants. Its tribological performance when added to liquid paraffin was evaluated on a four-ball tester and a ring-on-block machine. The relationships between its performances and the concentrations are also given, and are compared with these of zinc dialkyldithiophospate (ZDDP). The results show that the novel compound possesses an excellent load-carrying capacity and friction reduction property similar to ZDDP, and exhibits better antiwear property than ZDDP above 392 N. In addition, the novel compound has good anticorrosive property and high thermal stability. The rubbed surface was investigated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and the antiwear mechanism was discussed.     

苯并噻唑衍生物的抗磨性能及作用机制

利用四球试验机考察了所合成的苯并噻唑衍生物添加剂在基础油中的摩擦学性能,并用X射线光电子能谱仪和扫描电子微探针观察分析了磨斑表面的元素化学状态。研究结果表明:苯并噻唑衍生物可以显著改善基础油的抗磨性能和承载能力;添加剂在摩擦过程中发生了摩擦化学反应,生成了含有机硫化物、硫酸亚铁等的边界润滑膜,从而改善了基础油的抗磨性能。     

新型含N杂环化合物的合成及其摩擦学性能研究

合成了一种新型含N杂环化合物添加剂,利用红外光谱仪定性分析了其结构,利用热重试验和油溶性试验考察了其热稳定性及其对液体石蜡基础油的感受性,利用四球和HQ-1环块试验机考察了其摩擦学性能。结果表明其具有较好的热稳定性及其对液体石蜡基础油良好的感受性,能降低长磨磨斑直径和减小摩擦因数,有效提高基础油的摩擦学性能。     

点/线/面接触条件下喹唑啉酮胺润滑油添加剂的摩擦学性能

目前杂环化合物作为润滑油添加剂在机械润滑领域受到重视,但对无硫磷含氮杂环化合物在多种接触方式下的摩擦学性能的研究还不多。合成一种新型无硫磷喹唑啉酮胺润滑油添加剂并利用四球试验机、环块试验机和万能摩擦磨损试验机分别考察了点/线/面接触条件下其在液体石蜡中的摩擦学性能,再用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜和X射线光电子能谱仪对其摩擦表面进行分析。试验结果表明:油溶性喹唑啉酮胺在液体石蜡中能显著改善基础油的摩擦磨损状况,明显提高基础油的承载能力,表现出良好的摩擦学性能,其作用机理是其在摩擦过程中与金属表面发生了摩擦化学反应,生成了含氧化亚铁、有机氮化物和含氮金属配合物等的复合膜,有效地提高了液体石蜡的减摩抗磨性能。     

Effect of thermal activation on the tribological behaviours of serpentine ultrafine powders as an additive in liquid paraffin

The influence of thermal activation temperature on the tribological properties of surface-coated serpentine ultrafine powders as liquid paraffin additives was studied. It is found that the serpentine powders suspended in liquid paraffin present excellent tribological properties. Thermal activations in a temperature range from 300 to 600 °C increase the film forming ability and tribofilm completeness of the serpentine, keep the layer structure and accordingly further improve the tribological properties. However, the layer structure is destroyed and hard phases appear after thermal activated at or higher than 850 °C, as results in the aggravation of friction and wear.     

Effect of thermal activation on the tribological behaviours of serpentine ultrafine powders as an additive in liquid paraffin

The influence of thermal activation temperature on the tribological properties of surface-coated serpentine ultrafine powders as liquid paraffin additives was studied. It is found that the serpentine powders suspended in liquid paraffin present excellent tribological properties. Thermal activations in a temperature range from 300 to 600 °C increase the film forming ability and tribofilm completeness of the serpentine, keep the layer structure and accordingly further improve the tribological properties. However, the layer structure is destroyed and hard phases appear after thermal activated at or higher than 850 °C, as results in the aggravation of friction and wear.     

油酸修饰纳米粒子的摩擦学性能比较

利用化学法合成了表面为油酸所修饰的PbS、PbO和ZnS纳米粒子,由于无机纳米粒子表面有一层由油酸组成的长链有机化合物,使得所修饰的PbS、PbO和ZnS纳米粒子在基础油中有良好的分散性,能够作为润滑油添加剂。用四球摩擦磨损试验机分别考察了它们作为润滑油添加剂的摩擦学行为,结果表明,无机纳米核的化学组成、大小,以及摩擦过程中所形成边界润滑膜的成膜机制对油酸修饰纳米粒子作为润滑油添加剂的摩擦学性能影响不大,所合成的油酸修饰PbS、PbO和ZnS纳米粒子作为润滑油添加剂都能够明显提高基础油的减摩抗磨性能。     

Tribological properties of diamond and SiO2 nanoparticles added in paraffin

This work studies the tribological properties of liquid paraffin to which diamond and SiO₂ nanoparticles, which were prepared by the surface modification method using oleic acid, had been added and observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and infrared (IR) spectroscopy. Also, the dispersion capability and stability dispersivity of both modified nanoparticles in liquid paraffin were measured using a spectrophotometer. The measurements show the dispersion capacity and the dispersing stability of oleic acid-modified diamond and SiO₂ nanoparticles in liquid paraffin.The tribological properties are evaluated using a ball-on-ring wear tester. The results show that both nanoparticles as additives in liquid paraffin at a tiny concentration have better antiwear and antifriction properties than the pure paraffin oil. Also, SEM was used to observe the plowing of nanoscale grooves of worn surfaces by diamond and SiO₂ nanoparticles.     

苯并三氮唑羧酸衍生物和磷酸三丁酯的摩擦学协同性能

合成了一种新型无磷苯并三氮唑衍生物（BTB），利用四球摩擦磨损试验机考察了单剂BTB、磷酸三丁酯（TBP）以及不同配比的BTB和TBP的复合添加剂在液体石蜡中的摩擦磨损性能；用带散射能谱的扫描电镜分析了磨损表面形貌和元素分布。结果表明：所合成的BTB添加剂能提高基础油的承栽能力和减摩、抗磨性能，并且与TBP具有协同作用；在摩擦过程中发生物理、化学吸附的同时，与金属表面发生摩擦化学反应，生成一层复合膜，从而起到了极压抗磨作用。     

表面修饰FeS纳米微粒的研究(Ⅱ)--摩擦学特性研究

用四球摩擦磨损试验机考察了二烷基二硫代磷酸（DDP）修饰FeS纳米微粒作为润滑油添加剂的摩擦学行为.结果表明,DDP修饰FeS纳米微粒在极低的添加量时即具有良好的抗磨效果,但不能降低基础油的摩擦因数;磨损表面分析表明钢球表面形成了边界润滑膜,使摩擦学性能得到明显改善.     

Effects of electric field on characteristics of nano-confined lubricant films with ZDDP additive

The consequence of bearings exposed to shaft voltage is a very important tribological problem, especially with the increasing use of variable-frequency drives (VFDs) to control alternate current (AC) motors. The emerging behavior of gas micro-bubbles and the film forming characteristics between base oil (liquid paraffin) films with and without ZDDP additive under an external electric field (EEF) in a nanogap have been compared. Experimental results indicated that the micro-bubble emerging intensity increases slightly when the additive is involved in the base oil. The magnitude of the electric current flowing through the lubricant film closely related to the intensity of the micro-bubble emerging. No obvious difference in the film thickness can be found between the liquid paraffin films with and without ZDDP additive. The influence of the EEF on the film thickness of the liquid paraffin with the additive is more significant.     

An investigation on tribological properties of graphite nanosheets as oil additive

Graphite nanosheets with average diameter of 500 nm and thickness about 15 nm were prepared by stirring ball milling. The tribological behavior of the graphite nanosheets as additive in paraffin oil were investigated with a four-ball and a pin-on-disk friction and wear tester. The wear surfaces of the steel ball lubricated with the additive-containing paraffin oil were analyzed by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It has been found that the graphite nanosheets as additive in oil at proper concentration show better tribological properties than pure paraffin oil. The load-carrying capacity and antiwear ability of the lubricating oil were improved. Moreover, the friction coefficient of the lubricating oil was decreased by the addition of the graphite nanosheets. The optimal concentration of the additive in paraffin oil is about 1.0 × 10⁻² wt.%.     

A tribological study of (2‐sulphurone‐benzothiazole)‐3‐methyl‐dibutyl borate

An organic compound containing S, N, B, and O was synthesised by reacting 2‐mercaptobenzothiazole and formalin in ethanol solution, the resulting product then being reacted with butanol and boric acid in toluene solution. The tribological performance of the novel compound when added to liquid paraffin was evaluated using a four‐ball tester and a ring‐on‐block machine. The relationship between performance and concentration was analysed, and the results show that the compound possesses good antiwear and load‐carrying abilities. The mechanism of action of the additive was investigated using X‐ray photo‐electron spectroscopy (XPS). Surface analysis indicated the formation of a protective film containing FeSO₄, an organo‐sulphur compound, FeS₂, borate, and an organonitrogen compound. This protective film formed during sliding processes contributes to the increase in wear resistance.     

Tribological Behavior of Deagglomerated Active Inorganic Nanoparticles for Advanced Lubrication

The tribological behavior of novel, deagglomerated, and active molybdenum disulfide (MoS₂) nanoparticles as additives in paraffin oil is presented. In a novel approach, the MoS₂ nanoparticles were activated by their intercalation with organic molecules, particularly triglycerides (canola oil) and lecithin (source of phosphorus). A four-ball tribological test setup was used to measure the wear scar diameter, the coefficient of friction, and the extreme pressure properties of such formulated paraffin oils. The results showed significant influence of this uniquely designed MoS₂ nanostructured additive on the coefficient of friction (0.07), the wear scar diameter, and the extreme pressure (315 kg) properties of the paraffin oil. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) were also used for investigating size, the surface morphology, and the elemental composition of the nanoengineered lubricant. The characterization revealed a particle size less than 100 nm and the elemental composition analysis of the wear track showed the presence of Mo, S, and P in the tribofilm, explaining the observed improvements in the tribological properties.     

一种水溶性润滑添加剂的制备及其摩擦学性能研究

合成一种水溶性润滑添加剂辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚单硫代磷酸酯化合物TPD,利用四球试验机和SRV-IV摩擦磨损试验机考察其在水-乙二醇基础液中的润滑性能。结果表明,含该化合物的水基润滑剂具有优良的承载能力和抗磨性能且在水中具有优异的稳定性;XPS电子能谱分析显示,该水溶性化合物在摩擦过程中生成了富含磷酸铁、硫酸亚铁、硫酸铁以及FeS、FeS2和一些含硫、氮小分子有机物组成的边界润滑膜,从而起到了良好的抗磨减摩作用。     

Study on the tribological properties of surfactant-modified MoS2 micrometer spheres as an additive in liquid paraffin

Tribological properties of MoS₂ micrometer spheres modified by self-prepared surfactant as an additive in liquid paraffin (LP) are studied and compared with those of the commercial colloidal MoS₂ on a four-ball tester and an Optimol SRV oscillating friction and wear tester. The worn surfaces are examined with SEM and XPS, respectively. Results show that MoS₂ micrometer sphere is a much better extreme-pressure additive and anti-wear and friction-reducing additive in LP than the commercial colloidal MoS₂. The boundary lubrication mechanism can be deduced as an effective chemical adsorption protective film formed by the long chain alkyl and active elements (S and N) in the prepared surfactant and tribochemical reaction film composed of the tribochemical reaction products of the additive. Moreover, sliding and rolling frictions exist simultaneously in the MoS₂ micrometer spheres /LP lubricating system, which also do more contributions to the good tribological properties.