锅炉吊杆组件弧焊机器人自动焊接工艺开发与应用

针对锅炉吊杆组件中吊杆与耳板的连接焊缝,基于焊条电弧焊方法,存在着焊接生产效率低、劳动强度大、焊缝外观质量差等问题,开展了弧焊机器人自动化焊接工艺分析、焊弧机器人装置选择、焊接工艺试验及相关质量检测评价,完成了锅炉吊杆弧焊机器人自动化焊接工艺开发,并在生产制造中推广应用,提高了吊杆焊接生产效率,降低了工人劳动强度,取得了良好的经济效益。     

浅谈太阳电池组件

太阳电池组件由太阳电池片,盖片(平板玻璃)、粘结剂、金属框架和电缆引线组成。图1是用不同形状太阳电池片组合成的各种太阳电池组件。     

醋酸对晶体硅太阳电池组件影响

主要阐述醋酸对晶体硅太阳电池组件中涂锡铜带的影响,醋酸对太阳电池的腐蚀特性以及对太阳电池组件性能的影响。实验结果表明：（1）稀醋酸使涂锡铜焊带发生电化学腐蚀,产生氧化黄变,此腐蚀对其电阻率影响较小;（2）稀醋酸腐蚀电池片表面银电极和铝背场,使银电极变黑,铝背场与硅片的附着力下降,对电池片造成损害影响其电性能;（3）组件在湿热试验过程中EVA发生老化反应,产生的醋酸会有腐蚀封装其中的涂锡铜焊带和太阳电池,使串联电阻Rs增大,填充因子FF降低,组件输出功率降低。     

F11与15CrMo和F11与П11异种钢管焊接接头高温爆破试验

我厂生产的配30瓩机组的亚临界锅炉再热器管系的各段分别采用φ51×3.5毫米的15CrMo、Π11和F11钢管,在制造中这些管子均需焊接组合。据资料介绍,对于异种钢焊接,通常都采用低合金焊条或中间合金焊条,我们起初在施焊F11与15CrMo及F11与Π11钢管时,分别采用电力132和新热407焊条。但在生产过程中,曾由于焊     

如何避免光伏组件产生隐裂

分析了隐裂对光伏组件中电池片互联失效的影响,按隐裂造成电池片潜在的互联失效的风险大小进行了分类,运用鱼骨图法分析隐裂产生的原因。保证可靠的焊接质量和避免组件受力产生形变是避免光伏组件产生隐裂的基本原则。     

手工电弧焊线能量对Q345R焊接接头性能的影响

从抗拉强度、冲击韧性和显微金相组织分析了手工电弧焊采用不同线能量施焊对50 mm厚Q345R焊接接头性能的影响。结果表明:随着线能量的增大焊缝组织的晶粒逐渐长大,焊接接头的冲击吸收功逐渐降低;当采用手工电弧焊Φ5 mm焊条施焊,线能量为27.6 k J/cm时,可获得综合力学性能优良的焊接接头。     

晶体硅光伏组件热斑失效问题研究

以不同反向漏电流等级的多晶硅太阳电池封装成的光伏组件和实际发生热斑失效的光伏组件为研究对象,通过数值模拟和实验研究的方法,对晶体硅光伏组件热斑失效的机理和规律进行理论分析与实验验证。研究结果表明:在阴影遮挡环境下被遮挡组件区域温度和太阳电池反向电流成正向相关性,即反向漏电流越大,组件温度越高;实验同时发现即使在完全无阴影遮挡的情况下,光伏组件也可能因组件封装过程中存在虚焊、空焊等接触不良连接点,形成微小间隙,引发电弧效应,从而导致严重的热斑失效。     

无铬8号钢用焊接材料的研制

无铬8号钢是立足于我国资源而研制成功的一种高压锅炉过热器管用钢。为了促进无铬8号钢的应用,进行了研制供该钢焊接用的焊条和焊丝的工作。目前研制成功的焊条(或焊丝),与相同工作温度和工作压力下用的热317焊条(焊12Cr1MoV钢)和69新1焊条(焊F11钢)相比,由于它采用了我国富产的硅和稀土等元素来代替铬和镍等元素,不仅节约贵重合金元素,而且高温性能达到了使用的要求。此外,经有关焊接师傅多次施焊,对其焊接工艺性能表示满意。目前,一般的焊条厂均能生产这种焊条。     

太阳电池正面图形的设计与研究

重点研究了晶体硅太阳电池正面主栅结构,从正面银浆单耗、电性能、组件焊接拉力等方面进行了工艺优化,在保证电性能效率和组件焊接拉力的情况下,达到降低成本的目的。     

管子组件的镗焊工艺

本文分析了中介机匣管子组件的结构特点，提出并分析了“镗焊”工艺，简析了一种简易、实用的“镗焊”设备，并利用该工艺、设备，成功地焊接了中介机匣管子组件，保证了管子组件的焊接质量，为中介机匣的生产创造了有利条件。     

EFFECT OF OXYGEN ON PHOTOVOLTAIC PROPERTIES OF SCREEN-PRINTED CdS/CdTe SOLAR CELL AND MODULE Module Reliability and Oxygen Deficiency

An n-CdS/p-CdTe solar cell module constructed by complete seal of solar cell formed on a glass substrate by screen-printing and sintering process, was subjected to a heavy sunshine weather-meter test. The conversion efficiency of the module began to degrade after 50 days. Chemical analyses on gases in the sealed module showed that decrease in oxygen down to 2 vol.% had caused the degradation. Inversely, when sufficient oxygen was supplied to the solar cell by breaking the seal, the efficiency recovered up to its initial value within several days even at room temperature. Estimation of reaction velocity at room temperature suggested that the present recovery phenomenon was the same as increase in p-type characteristics by heat treatment in air in other fabrication process of CdS/CdTe junction. Easiness and reversibility of transformation from oxygen deficient to sufficient states in CdTe, strongly suggest that oxygen in CdTe induces a single acceptor which was confirmed in oxygen doped ZnSe.     

热循环作用下太阳电池板单元结构寿命预测

试验测试了热循环过程中太阳电池板单元结构各被粘接层的热应变值,结合有限元MSC.Marc模拟的结果提出了以热应变极大值或残余热应变作为热循环条件下胶接结构的损伤参量,建立了预测太阳电池板寿命的数学模型。     

大面积染料敏化纳米薄膜太阳电池的研制

介绍我所在大面积染料敏化纳米薄膜太阳电池的详细设计思路和制作方法，并比较内部串联DSCs和内部并联DSCs在实用化制作和测试中的性能差异。介绍我所在大面积染料敏化纳米薄膜太阳电池的最新研究成果。     

户外光伏组件背板外层材料的老化研究

针对在户外运行了6年的光伏组件背板外层材料进行了老化测试研究.将光伏组件背板外层材料划分为3个不同的分析测试区域,即太阳电池中心区域、太阳电池边缘区域及光伏组件边缘区域,通过外层材料的厚度、反射率、光泽度、耐磨性、表面微观形貌等参数评估户外光伏组件背板外层材料的老化程度.研究表明,不同分析测试区域的光伏组件背板外层材料...     

工程用太阳电池模型及参数确定法

基于太阳电池五参数模型,采用太阳电池单体或太阳电池组件工程测试数据,推导出太阳电池单体和太阳电池组件的工程用太阳电池模型及参数确定法。仿真实验证明,该模型具有通用性强、计算灵活的特点,能够体现太阳电池组件的差异性,提高仿真精度。     

ENERGY REQUIREMENTS AND WAYS OF SAVING ENERGY IN THE PRODUCTION PROCESS OF PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULES

The results of an investigation of energy requirements and ways of saving energy in the production process of photovoltaic modules are reported. The investigation was carried out as a process chain analysis. It contains a comprehensive collection of process step data, from the reduction of SiO₂ up to the completed module. Analysis and comparison results include conventional mono- and multicrystalline silicon modules as well as MIS-I modules and thin film solar cells based on amorphous silicon. The investigation includes model cases of an expanded production volume and its implications for energy requirements.

Modifications of the production process in pursuit of the goal of improved cell efficiency need to be reviewed taking into account the accumulated energy requirements of the whole module. The data framework presented in the report provides a reliable, fast and flexible measure that enables researchers to meet this condition.     

单晶硅太阳电池组件的热击穿

论述了单晶硅太阳电池组件中存在的热击穿现象,这是不同于组件热斑效应的另一种物理现象,它对组件的寿命可靠性会构成威胁。对引起太阳电池组件热击穿的原因进行了分析,并提出相关解决方法。     

太阳电池模型参数对并联组件输出特性的影响

根据太阳电池I-V方程和基本电路联接理论,推导出选择具有相同最大功率点电压V_m的单体太阳电池组成并联组件可以获得最大输出功率;分别计算出二极管理想因子A,短路电流I_(sc),反向饱和电流I_o,电池串联内阻R_s对最大功率点电压V_m和组件失配损失的影响,确定出对它们影响最大的模型参数是二极管理想因子A。     

The risk of power loss in crystalline silicon based photovoltaic modules due to micro-cracks

Micro-cracks in wafer based silicon solar cell modules are nowadays identified by a human observer with the electroluminescence (EL) method. However, the essential question of how the micro-cracks affect the PV module performance has yet to be answered. We experimentally analyze the direct impact of micro-cracks on the module power and the consequences after artificial aging. We show that the immediate effect of micro-cracks on the module power is small, whereas the presence of micro-cracks is potentially crucial for the performance of the module after artificial ageing. This confirms the necessity to develop the means of quantifying the risk of power loss in PV modules with cracked solar cells in their lifetime, in order to enable manufacturers to discard defective modules with high risk of failure while keeping modules with uncritical micro-cracks. As a first step towards risk estimation we develop an upper bound for the potential power loss of PV modules due to micro-cracks in the solar cells. This is done by simulating the impact of inactive solar cell fragments on the power of a common PV module type and PV array. We show that the largest inactive cell area of a double string protected by a bypass diode is most relevant for the power loss of the PV module. A solar cell with micro-cracks, which separate a part of less than 8% of the cell area, results in no power loss in a PV module or a PV module array for all practical cases. In between approximately 12 and 50% of inactive area of a single cell in the PV module the power loss increases nearly linearly from zero to the power of one double string.     

Solar cell module colored with fluorescent plate

In order to color the solar cell module with a small decrease in energy conversion efficiency, a fluorescent plate was used as a protecting plate for the module. The effect of the coloration on the energy conversion efficiency was discussed on the basis of a simple model for the absorption and re-emission of light in the fluorescent plate and spectral reflection of the solar cell module. The measured energy conversion efficiency of the colored solar cell module was comparable to that of the non-colored module, when the fluorescent quantum efficiency was nearly equal to 1.0. The coloration of green yielded a 2.7% increase in energy conversion efficiency, and the colorations of orange, pink, and red, could be made with 0.5%, 1.5% and 5.5% decrease in energy conversion efficiency. The small increase in energy conversion efficiency was attributable to the fact that the reflectivity of the colored module was a little less than that of the non-colored module.