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焦炭对焦油模型化合物的催化裂解实验研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
研究焦炭对焦油模型化合物的催化裂解。考察焦炭对甲苯、甲苯与萘、甲苯与苯酚的催化裂解率及析炭率。结果表明:焦炭对甲苯的催化裂解率与同温度下的热裂解率相当,分别为61.68%与59.02%,析炭率有所降低,由8.54%变为4.16%;对萘的催化裂解率也与同温度下的热裂解率相当,分别为57.95%与56.20%,析炭率也有所降低,由20.72%变为11.89%;而焦炭对苯酚的裂解率与同温度下热裂解率相比有明显增加,由38.25%增加到97.41%,析炭率同样有所降低,由10.96%变为7.03%;说明焦炭对焦油中的组分有选择催化裂解作用。对上述反应前后焦炭样的XRD分析,发现反应后析出的炭与作为催化剂的炭是同一晶型的炭,对末裂解冷凝液的GC-MS分析,发现焦油模型化合物通过裂解后有少部分向芳香化程度增加的方向进行转化。 相似文献
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生物质焦油裂解的技术关键 总被引:21,自引:0,他引:21
生物质焦油是生物质气化过程中有害的副产物,它会降低气化效率,影响设备运行,所以必须加以有效利用和处理。本文介绍了国内外焦油催化裂解的研究现状,详细地分析了讨论了催化裂解的关键过程和工艺件,总结出了焦油催化裂解的最佳条件和比较有前景的工艺路线。 相似文献
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CaO催化裂解生物质气化焦油实验研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
以谷壳气化发电产生焦油为研究对象,考查了CaO作为焦油裂解催化剂对其催化裂解的影响。实验研究结果表明:CaO作为焦油裂解催化剂可使焦油裂解率明显提高,在800℃时,其裂解率可由热裂解的28.66%提高到65.60%,焦油催化裂解后可使燃气成份中的H2、CO、CH4以及CO2含量提高。但焦油裂解过程中,其积炭率可达30.51%;扫描电镜显示:因焦油裂解积炭包裹CaO催化剂,易使其催化活性失效,同时由于积炭,使床层压降增加,给焦油催化裂解运行带来困难。 相似文献
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凹凸棒石黏土催化裂解生物质焦油 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以凹凸棒石黏土作为天然催化剂催化裂解生物质气化焦油,在固定床反应器中,考察催化剂用量、粒径、煅烧温度、气相滞留时间以及反应温度等操作条件对凹凸棒石黏土催化焦油裂解活性的影响;通过XRD表征分析了催化剂的结构变化情况。与热裂解相比,凹凸棒石黏土对生物质焦油有显著的催化裂解作用。随着裂解温度的升高,焦油转化率、氢产率及氢选择性都显著增加。凹凸棒石黏土的煅烧处理能够改善催化活性,但过高的煅烧温度将破坏凹凸棒石黏土的特征结构,从而不利于其催化效率。 相似文献
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热解焦对生物质焦油催化裂解的影响 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
在小型固定床反应器上,以甲苯为模型化合物对生物质焦油在热解焦上的催化裂解反应进行了研究。重点考察了裂解温度、热解焦粒径尺寸、气相停留时间和水蒸气的流量对焦油的转化率和裂解气成分的影响。结果表明,高温条件下,热解焦对甲苯的裂解具有明显的催化作用。850℃时,所用的两种热解焦对甲苯的转化率分别达到了92.7%和97.0%,同时发现,较小粒径的热解焦和较长的气相停留时间更有利于甲苯的深度裂解。另外,随着水蒸气流量的增加,甲苯的转化率和气体中CO的产率均增大,但当蒸汽甲苯比(S/T)超过6.1时,继续增加水蒸气的流量,甲苯转化率并无明显地提高。 相似文献
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多孔白云石颗粒催化裂解生物质焦油的动力学研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在固定床反应器上进行了自制多孔白云石颗粒催化裂解乙酸、苯等焦油模型化合物的动力学实验研究,考察了反应温度(873~1123K)、接触时间(0.3~2.0s)等反应条件对乙酸、苯转化率的影响。实验结果表明:乙酸、苯转化率均随反应温度与接触时间的增加而上升,当反应温度为1123K、停留时间为2.0s时,乙酸、苯的最大转化率分别为99.8%和18.7%;通过对乙酸与苯的催化裂解动力学分析,得出乙酸、苯的反应速率常数变化范围分别为0.41~3.64s~(-1)和0.00718~0.11300s~(-1),活化能分别为71.4kJ·mol~(-1)和94.5kJ·mol~(-1)。经检验,模型计算与实验结果能较好吻合。 相似文献
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甲烷在整体式Co基催化剂上的燃烧性能 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以Ce0.25Zr0.50Mn0.25O2(OSM)和YSZ—Al2O3(Y2O3,ZrO2稳定的γ—Al2O3)为载体,制备了Co/OSM和Co/YSZ—Al2O3整体式催化剂,以及不同Co/OSM:Co/YSZ—Al2O3比例的Co/OSM Co/YSZ-Al2O3整体式催化剂.研究了上述催化剂的甲烷催化燃烧性能,并利用XRD和H2-TPR对催化剂进行了表征.XRD结果表明,在OSM和YSZ-Al2O3上Co均以高分散形式存在.H2-TPR结果表明,Co/OSM Co/YSZ-Al2O3样品的可还原性随着Co/OSM含量的增加而提高,表现出可调节的还原性能.Co/OSM的甲烷燃烧催化活性高于Co/YSZ—Al2O3,Co/OSM Co/YSZ—Al2O3表现出协同作用和高活性. 相似文献
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生物质气化焦油催化裂解特性 总被引:17,自引:5,他引:17
以白云石为载体制备的Ni基催化剂对松木粉在700℃下气化产生的焦油进行了催化裂解实验研究,并与重油裂解催化剂进行了对比。结果表明:石油化工重油裂解催化剂对生物质气化焦油具有一定的催化裂解作用;Ni的掺入方式和催化剂的煅烧温度对催化剂的性能具有显著的影响。以100~120目白云石粉为载体,900℃下煅烧的Ni基催化剂在700℃(2下焦油裂解对H2和CH4具有很好的选择性(H2为78.3%,H2 CO为92.3%,CH4为2.3%);100h老化实验显示H2/CO随催化剂活性降低而逐渐减小。 相似文献
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质子交换膜燃料电池专用碳纸的制备及性能测试 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
采用湿法造纸技术制备质子交换膜燃料电池电极扩散层专用碳纸材料,考察了影响专用碳纸性能的主要因素。研究结果表明:分散剂、粘合剂和纤维长度等对碳纸物性具有较大影响。以3M的NaOH处理碳纸的基体材料,控制打浆度20°SR,按比例加入自制功能性分散剂,在优化工艺条件下,制备的碳纸物性基本和日本东丽公司产品(Toray碳纸)物性相同。以自制的碳纸和Toray碳纸为电极扩散层基体材料组装成电池,放电性能测试表明,自制碳纸是一种较为理想的燃料电池电极扩散层基体材料。 相似文献
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以新戊二醇季戊四醇(NPG-PE)为例,研究了二元体系多元醇/蒙脱土复合贮能材料的制备方法及其相变动力学。由实验确定了最佳的制备条件。用XRD、IR、DSC等方法对其结构、贮能性能及相变动力学进行了研究。结果表明:所得材料是一种纳米复合贮能材料,具有较适宜的相变温度、较高的相转变焓、较快的相变速率,同时较好地解决了多元醇单独使用时存在的塑晶现象。 相似文献
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Jurriaan Boon Eric van DijkSander de Munck Ruud van den Brink 《Journal of power sources》2011,196(14):5928-5935
Two main routes for small-scale diesel steam reforming exist: low-temperature pre-reforming followed by well-established methane steam reforming on the one hand and direct steam reforming on the other hand. Tests with commercial catalysts and commercially obtained diesel fuels are presented for both processes. The fuels contained up to 6.5 ppmw sulphur and up to 4.5 vol.% of biomass-derived fatty acid methyl ester (FAME). Pre-reforming sulphur-free diesel at around 475 °C has been tested with a commercial nickel catalyst for 118 h without observing catalyst deactivation, at steam-to-carbon ratios as low as 2.6. Direct steam reforming at temperatures up to 800 °C has been tested with a commercial precious metal catalyst for a total of 1190 h with two catalyst batches at steam-to-carbon ratios as low as 2.5. Deactivation was neither observed with lower steam-to-carbon ratios nor for increasing sulphur concentration. The importance of good fuel evaporation and mixing for correct testing of catalysts is illustrated. Diesel containing biodiesel components resulted in poor spray quality, hence poor mixing and evaporation upstream, eventually causing decreasing catalyst performance. The feasibility of direct high temperature steam reforming of commercial low-sulphur diesel has been demonstrated. 相似文献
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《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2019,44(26):12983-13010
A high energy content (∼122 MJ/kg H2) and presence of hydrogen-bearing compounds abundance in nature make hydrogen forth runner candidate to fulfill future energy requirements. Biomass being abundant and carbon neutral is one of the promising source of hydrogen production. In addition, it also addresses agricultural waste disposal problems and will bring down our dependency on fossil fuel for energy requirements. Biomass-derived bio-oil can be an efficient way for hydrogen production. Acetic acid is the major component of bio-oil and has been extensively studied by the researchers round the globe as a test component of bio-oil for hydrogen generation. Hydrogen can be generated from acetic acid via catalytic steam reforming process which is thermodynamically feasible. A number of nickel-based catalysts have been reported. However, the coke deposition during reforming remains a major challenge. In this review, we have investigated all possible reactions during acetic acid steam reforming (AASR), which can cause coke deposition over the catalyst surface. Different operating parameters such as temperature and steam to carbon feed ratio affect not only the product distribution but also the carbon formation during the reaction. Present review elaborates effects of preparation methods, active metal catalyst including bimetallic catalysts, type of support and microstructure of catalysts on coke resistance behavior and catalyst stability during reforming reactions. The present study also focuses on the effects of a combination of a variety of alkali and alkaline earth metals (AAEM) promoters on coke deposition. Effect of specially designed reactors and the addition of oxygen on carbon deposition during AASR have also been analyzed. This review based on the available literature focuses mainly on the catalyst deactivation because of coke deposition, and possible strategies to minimize catalyst deactivation during AASR. 相似文献