复合材料加筋板低速冲击损伤的数值模拟

建立了复合材料加筋板在横向低速冲击载荷作用下的渐进损伤有限元模型.该模型考虑了复合材料加筋板受低速冲击时的纤维断裂、基体开裂及分层脱粘等五种典型的损伤形式,在层内采用应变描述的失效判据,结合相应的材料性能退化方案,通过编写VUMAT用户自定义子程序以实现相应损伤类型的判断和演化.在层间以及筋条与层板间加入界面元,模拟层间区域的情况,结合传统的应力失效判据和断裂力学中的能量释放率准则来判断分层损伤的起始和演化规律.通过对数值模拟结果与实验数据的比较,验证了模型的合理性和有效性.同时探讨了不同位置、不同冲击能量以及含初始损伤(脱粘)等因素对复合材料加筋板低速冲击性能的影响.     

复合材料加筋板低速冲击损伤的数值模拟

建立了复合材料加筋板在横向低速冲击载荷作用下的渐进损伤有限元模型。该模型考虑了复合材料加筋板受低速冲击时的纤维断裂、基体开裂及分层脱粘等五种典型的损伤形式, 在层内采用应变描述的失效判据, 结合相应的材料性能退化方案, 通过编写VUMAT用户自定义子程序以实现相应损伤类型的判断和演化。在层间以及筋条与层板间加入界面元, 模拟层间区域的情况, 结合传统的应力失效判据和断裂力学中的能量释放率准则来判断分层损伤的起始和演化规律。通过对数值模拟结果与实验数据的比较, 验证了模型的合理性和有效性。同时探讨了不同位置、不同冲击能量以及含初始损伤(脱粘)等因素对复合材料加筋板低速冲击性能的影响。     

低速冲击作用下碳纤维复合材料铺层板的损伤分析

建立了一个有效计算模型, 以分析碳纤维复合材料层合板在低速冲击作用下的层内和层间失效行为。针对铺层板的层内损伤, 在基于应变描述的Hashin 失效准则的基础上, 建立了单层板的逐渐累积损伤分析模型;针对铺层板的脱层损伤, 建立了各向同性脱层损伤模型, 通过结合传统的应力失效准则和断裂力学中的能量释放率准则定义了界面损伤演化规律, 并在潜在产生脱层的区域模拟为粘结接触, 并将脱层损伤模型作为界面的接触行为。该计算模型通过商用有限元软件ABAQUS/ Explicit 的用户子程序实现。使用该计算模型对碳纤维增强环氧树脂复合材料层合板在横向低速冲击作用下的损伤和变形行为进行预测分析。数值仿真的结果与试验结果进行了比较, 取得了满意的结果, 验证了该模型的正确性。      

复合材料层合板低速冲击逐渐累积损伤预测方法

针对复合材料层板在冲击载荷下,各种损伤的产生和扩展是一个随载荷、时间和空间而演变的过程,发展了复合材料层合板低速冲击逐渐累积损伤预测方法.采用刚度退化技术和改进的Chang-Chang失效准则、显式有限元法来模拟复合材料层合板受到低速冲击下逐渐损伤过程.使用所发展的方法分析了[0m/90n/0m]铺层的复合材料层合板在低速冲击过程中的逐渐损伤扩展,结果表明本文的方法能较好地模拟复合材料层板在低速冲击下的损伤扩展及变形过程,计算结果与实验结果吻合较好;对不同冲击能量下层合板损伤扩展研究表明,冲击能量与分层损伤面积成线性关系.     

低速冲击下复合材料层板的动态响应历程与应力分析

本文对低速冲击下复合材料层极的动态响应与应力历程进行了三维线弹性动态有限元分析,建立了三维有限元程序IMPACT。该程序在VAX/750上以标准FORTRAN写成,能计算冲击过程中层板的位移,冲击体的位移,层板与冲击体间冲击力以及层板应变与应力。本文用IMPACT程序对几种不同铺层设计的T300/934复合材料层板在不同能量冲击下层板与冲击体的动态响应历程进行了计算,探讨了铺层角度,铺层顺序和冲击速度对层板挠度与冲击力的影响。     

缝合复合材料低速冲击损伤研究

通过三维动力学有限元法,采用空间杆单元来描述缝线,结合试验系统地研究了缝合复合材料的低速冲击损伤问题。采用修正的赫兹接触定律计算冲击接触力,NewMark直接积分法求解运动方程,求解冲击过程中的应力应变;在Chang和Hou等的分层扩展准则基础上,提出一修正的分层扩展准则并考虑纤维断裂,建立了分析低速冲击损伤面积的方法;对相同铺层的缝合与未缝合复合材料层板进行了低速冲击试验。分析结果与实验结果具有良好的一致性,证明本文中提出的修正的分层扩展准则是正确的。计算及试验结果均表明,在相同冲击能量作用下,缝合使冲击损伤面积明显减小。      

缝合复合材料层板低速冲击损伤数值模拟

建立了缝合复合材料层板在低速冲击载荷下的渐进损伤分析模型。模型中采用空间杆单元模拟缝线的作用;采用三维实体单元模拟缝合层板,通过基于应变描述的Hashin准则,结合相应的材料性能退化方案模拟层板的损伤和演化;采用界面单元模拟层间界面,结合传统的应力失效判据和断裂力学中的应变能释放率准则判断分层的起始和扩展规律。通过对碳800环氧树脂复合材料（T800/5228）层板的数值仿真结果和试验结果相比较,验证了模型的正确性,同时讨论了不同冲击能量下缝合层板的损伤规律。研究结果表明：缝线能够有效地抑制层板的分层损伤扩展;相同冲击能量下缝合与未缝合层板的基体损伤和纤维损伤在厚度分布上相似,缝合层板的损伤都要小于未缝合层板。     

含分层损伤缝合复合材料层板的剩余压缩强度

基于渐进损伤方法,研究了含单脱层缝合复合材料层板在压缩载荷下的剩余强度。通过商用软件ABAQUS建立了含单脱层缝合复合材料层板剩余压缩强度计算模型,考虑了子层屈曲和分层扩展对剩余强度的影响。通过UMAT子程序实现了层板失效、层间失效和缝线失效的模拟。通过嵌入式杆单元结构模拟了缝线桥联作用及失效。采用Hashin准则及刚度折减法对纤维拉压、基体拉压失效进行了模拟。通过渐进损伤分析,揭示了缝合情况下含单脱层复合材料层板的失效机理,讨论了缝合参数对剩余压缩强度的影响。所预测的破坏模式和剩余强度结果与实验能较好地吻合。分析表明缝合可以明显提高含分层损伤复合材料层板的子层屈曲载荷,抑制分层扩展,并提高层板的剩余压缩强度。     

基于改进Hashin准则的复合材料低速冲击损伤研究

针对复合材料力学性能的分散性和传统模型中退化系数选取的随意性问题,将退化系数与复合材料强度的威布尔分布参数相结合,采用改进的三维Hashin准则建立了复合材料低速冲击渐进损伤模型。考虑复合材料非线性剪切行为改进了Hashin准则,将原始准则中的剪切项用应变能替代,并采用最大应变准则判断剪切失效,避免了应力准则导致的变形不连续。采用该模型对三种能量下的T300/3501复合材料层合板低速冲击过程进行了仿真分析,计算得到的冲击响应曲线、层内和层间分层损伤结果与实验结果吻合良好,表明建立的模型适用于复合材料层合板低速冲击损伤预测。     

T300/QY8911层合板低速冲击试验及有限元模拟

对T300/QY8911复合材料层合板进行了低速冲击试验研究及数值仿真模拟。通过自由落体装置对层板进行冲击,并使用超声C扫描技术检测了层板冲击后的损伤状态,获得了不同能量下层板内部的损伤面积。建立了用于预测复合材料层合板在低速冲击作用下损伤演化的3D有限元模型,模型包含了用于模拟分层损伤的界面元和用于模拟纤维断裂、纤维挤压、基体开裂、基体挤裂等面内损伤形式的3D实体单元。该模型考虑了面内基体损伤对层间强度的影响。本文中的数值仿真结果和试验结果的对比验证了模型的合理性和有效性,文中还分析了影响低速冲击后层板内部分层面积的主要因素。     

Impact analysis of composite laminates with multiple delaminations

This paper concerns with the transient response of composite laminates with multiple delaminations subjected to low-velocity impact by a rigid ball. The finite element method based on the Mindlin plate theory is employed to describe the motion and deformation of the laminates. A Hertzian-type indentation law is adopted to calculate the impact force between the laminates and the rigid ball. To deal with the dynamic contacts between delaminated layers effectively, a modified Lagrange multiplier technique is employed. For multi-body dynamic contacts, the computation of contact force between delaminated layers is addressed. Numerical results provide much information for understanding the impact phenomenon of the composite laminates with multiple delaminations.     

Low-velocity impact-induced damage of continuous fiber-reinforced composite laminates. Part I. An FEM numerical model

A numerical model for simulating the process of low-velocity impact damage in composite laminates using the finite element method is presented in this paper, i.e. Part I of this two part series on the study of impact. In this model, the 9-node Lagrangian element of the Mindlin plate with consideration of large deformation analysis is employed. To analyze the transient response of the laminated plates, a modified Newmark time integration algorithm previously proposed by the authors is adopted here. We also proved that the impact process between a rigid ball and laminated plates is a stiff system, therefore a kind of A(α) stable method has been advocated here to solve the motion equation of the rigid ball. Furthermore, various types of damages including delamination, matrix cracking and fiber breakage, etc. and their mutual influences are modeled and investigated in detail. To overcome the difficulty of numerical oscillation or instability in the analysis of the dynamic contact problem between delaminated layers using the traditional penalty methods, we have employed dynamic spring constraints to simulate the contact effect, which are added to the numerical model by a kind of continuous penalty function. Moreover, an effective technique to calculate the strain energy release rate based on the Mindlin plate model is proposed, which can attain high precision. Finally, some techniques of adaptive analyses have been realized for improving the computational efficiency. Based on this model, a program has been developed for numerically simulating the damage process of cross-ply fiber-reinforced carbon/epoxy composite laminates under low-velocity impact load. In Part II, this numerical model will be verified by comparing with the experimental results. Also the impact damage will be investigated in detail using this numerical approach.     

基体损伤对分层复合材料加筋板动力特性的影响研究

基于Mindlin假定的复合材料层合板单元和层合梁单元,推导了复合材料加筋板的刚度阵和质量阵;采用Adams应变能法与Rayleigh阻尼模型相结合的方法,构造了相应的阻尼阵列式;建立了分层损伤特征的三板模型和表征基体微裂纹损伤的基体损伤模型;并推导了一种基于Hertz型非线性接触法则的虚拟联接单元模型,以避免在振动分析过程中在低阶模态中分层处出现的上、下子板间不合理的嵌入现象;在上述模型和理论基础上,采用精细积分法求解含损伤结构的动力响应。对典型数例进行参数讨论,表明在动载荷作用下,嵌入分层损伤以及在振动过程中诱发的基体微裂纹损伤的演化将明显地影响加筋层合板的动力特性。     

Clapping in delaminated sandwich-beams due to forced oscillations

Forced oscillations of delaminated composite laminates lead to non-smooth dynamic systems due to continuously developing impact-like contacts along the delamination. The primary aim of this study is to investigate a realistic model situation for delamination problems based on experiments and numerical simulation. First, the properties of lateral impacts on beam-type structures are studied, in particular in regard to the amount of energy dissipation during contact. Taking these results into account the finite element method based on beam elements is employed to simulate the stationary state of typical oscillations observed on the delaminated structure paying special attention to the dynamically developing and strongly dissipative contact. To deal with that kind of contact arising between delaminated layers, an effective technique combining a law of impact with the classical penalty method is presented. Confronting numerical results with the experimental reference provides an insight into the accuracy and robustness of the simulation technique     

含分层损伤复合材料加筋层合板的动承载能力

采用有限元方法研究了含穿透分层损伤复合材料加筋层合板的动力响应和承载能力。根据复合材料层合板一阶剪切理论, 推导了复合材料层合板单元的刚度阵和质量阵列式;同时采用Adams 应变能法与Rayleigh阻尼模型相结合的方法, 构造了相应的阻尼阵列式;为了防止在低阶模态中分层处出现的上、下子板不合理的嵌入现象, 建立了含分层损伤复合材料加筋层合板动力分析中分层分析模型和虚拟界面联接模型。并采用Tsai提出的刚度退化准则和动力响应分析的精细积分法, 对在动荷载作用下含分层损伤复合材料加筋层合板结构进行了破坏和承载能力分析。通过典型算例分析, 分别讨论了外载频率、分层深度、筋的位置以及破坏过程中刚度退化对含损伤复合材料加筋层合板动力响应特征和承载能力的影响, 得到了一些具有理论和工程价值的结论。     

含内埋矩形脱层板屈曲分析的传递函数方法

研究了含任意内埋矩形脱层复合材料层合板的屈曲问题。采用一种基于Mindlin一阶剪切理论的条形传递函数方法,将含内埋矩形脱层的复合材料层合板分成含脱层和不含脱层的两种矩形超级单元,然后由各超级单元之间连接结点处的位移连续和力平衡条件得到脱层板屈曲的特征方程,进而得到脱层板的屈曲载荷和屈曲模态。进行参数分析发现,脱层大小、深度、位置以及脱层板的边界条件和复合材料铺层方向对脱层板屈曲载荷的影响较显著。     

Time dependent response of low velocity impact induced composite conical shells under multiple delamination

This paper presents the time dependent response of multiple delaminated angle-ply composite pretwisted conical shells subjected to low velocity normal impact. The finite element formulation is based on Mindlin’s theory incorporating rotary inertia and effects of transverse shear deformation. An eight-noded isoparametric plate bending element is employed to satisfy the compatibility of deformation and equilibrium of resultant forces and moments at the delamination crack front. A multipoint constraint algorithm is incorporated which leads to asymmetric stiffness matrices. The modified Hertzian contact law which accounts for permanent indentation is utilized to compute the contact force, and the time dependent equations are solved by Newmark’s time integration algorithm. Parametric studies are conducted with respect to triggering parameters like laminate configuration, location of delamination, angle of twist, velocity of impactor, and impactor’s displacement for centrally impacted shells.     

多分层对复合材料层合板自振特性的影响

基于Mindlin一阶剪切理论分项等参插值的有限元法, 建立了含多个分层损伤复合材料层合板自由振动分析的有限元模型和分析方法, 并采用线性接触模型模拟分层区域上、 下子板的相互作用。通过典型数值算例, 讨论了分层位置、 数目及板的边界条件诸参数对其振动特性的影响。结果表明: 分层位置沿板长方向变化时, 中间分层的频率变化范围较大, 表面分层变化较小, 但变化趋势基本相同; 沿层合板厚度方向, 多分层中最长分层的位置越靠近层合板中面, 则其对振动特性的影响越大; 多个分层位置较靠近层合板表面, 且板边界条件约束较弱时, 多分层与单分层对振动特性影响的差别不大, 此时, 可将多分层损伤层合板简化为单分层损伤层合板来进行振动分析。      

Residual compressive strength of laminated plates with delamination

A study of residual compressive strength in delaminated laminates is presented. A methodology is proposed for simulating the whole compressive failure responses, such as initial buckling, postbuckling, contact of delamination front region, delamination propagation, fiber breakage, and matrix cracking etc. An finite element analysis (FEA) of the residual compressive strength is conducted on the basis of the Von Karman's nonlinearity assumption and the first-order shear deformation plate theory, combined with a stiffness degradation scheme. The numerical analysis models and methods are briefly introduced in this paper and some numerical examples are presented to illustrate it. From numerical results and discussion, it is clear that the compressive failure response involves complex multi-failure modes during compressive process. The method and numerical conclusions provide in this paper should of great value to engineers dealing with composite structures.     

动荷载作用下含损伤复合材料层合板承载能力

研究了含分层损伤层合板的动力响应和承载能力。基于层合板的一阶剪切理论,采用分项等参插值方法推导了复合材料层合板刚度阵、质量阵列式,在瑞利阻尼的基础上构造了相应的阻尼阵列式;建立了用于含分层损伤复合材料层合板动力分析的分层模型和虚拟界面联接单元,以防止低阶模态中在分层处出现的上、下子板不合理的脱离和嵌入现象;同时又采用Tsai提出的0.44刚度退化准则和动力分析的Newmark法,对含分层损伤复合材料层合板结构进行了在动荷载作用下的破坏和承载能力分析;通过典型算例,分别讨论了外载频率,分层位置,以及刚度退化对含损伤复合材料动力响应特征和承载能力的影响。本文中提出的方法和得到的结论对复合材料工程设计具有参考价值。