土荆芥挥发油对玉米象和赤拟谷盗的熏蒸、触杀与驱避活性

研究土荆芥挥发油的化学成分及对玉米象和赤拟谷盗的熏蒸、触杀与驱避活性。用水蒸气蒸馏的方法提取土荆芥挥发油,气相-质谱法分析挥发油的化学成分;用密闭熏蒸法、点滴法与滤纸扩散法对玉米象和赤拟谷盗的熏蒸、触杀与驱避活性进行了测定。从土荆芥挥发油中共检出96种化合物,相对含量较高的有：（+）-4-蒈烯（36.136%）、2-蒈烯（23.897%）、邻伞花烃（10.992%）、驱蛔素环氧化物（9.047%）,驱蛔素（4.882%）等。土荆芥挥发油对玉米象和赤拟谷盗熏蒸活性LC50 值分别为1.35 mg/L和2.83 mg/L;对玉米象和赤拟谷盗的触杀活性LD50值分别为16.80 μg/头和29.35 μg/头;当浓度为58.975 ??g/cm2时,处理2 h和4 h,土荆芥挥发油对玉米象的驱避率分别为45%和47%,对赤拟谷盗的驱避率分别为76 %和80 %。土荆芥挥发油对玉米象和赤拟谷盗两种仓储害虫均有良好的熏蒸、触杀与驱避活性,可望从土荆芥挥发油中发现对两种仓储害虫具有良好生物活性的化合物。     

花椒提取物的杀虫活性研究

以花椒果皮为研究对象,赤拟谷盗为供试虫源,采用点滴法、饲喂法、三角瓶密闭熏蒸法和培养皿滤纸涂药法检测不同花椒果皮提取物对赤拟谷盗的的触杀、胃毒、熏蒸及趋避作用。实验结果显示,正丁醇萃取部分对赤拟谷盗的触杀活性最高,其LC50值为1.086 463 g/m L,石油醚提取部分对赤拟谷盗趋避活性最高,其趋避率可达到93.617%,花椒果皮不同极性段的提取物均有一定的杀虫活性。     

掌叶苹婆种子提取物对三种主要储粮害虫的毒力测定

采用索氏提取法,以丙酮作为有机溶剂制备掌叶苹婆种子提取物,并利用滤纸药膜法研究了掌叶苹婆种子提取物对玉米象、谷蠹和锈赤扁谷盗3种试虫成虫的触杀作用。结果表明,掌叶苹婆种子丙酮提取物对玉米象、谷蠹和锈赤扁谷盗3种试虫成虫具有很强的触杀作用,且触杀作用随着处理时间延长和处理剂量增加而显著增强。在浓度3.923 mg/cm2处理剂量下处理96 h后提取物对3种试虫的触杀作用校正死亡率均达到100%。掌叶苹婆种子丙酮提取物对玉米象、谷蠹和锈赤扁谷盗成虫的触杀毒力LD50值分别为:0.875、0.716和1.389 mg/cm2。3种试虫成虫对提取物的敏感性为谷蠹>玉米象>锈赤扁谷盗。     

八角茴香提取物对长角扁谷盗的触杀和驱避活性

为开发环境友好的植物源杀虫剂,以3种有机溶剂采用冷浸法对八角茴香干果中的生物活性物质进行提取,采用滤纸药膜法测定提取物对长角扁谷盗成虫的触杀和驱避活性.结果表明:处理剂量越高,试虫死亡速度越快;用148.63 μg/cm2剂量处理72 h后,甲醇、乙酸乙酯和石油醚提取物对试虫的致死率分别为87.85％、90.98％和94.44％;甲醇、乙酸乙酯和石油醚提取物处理长角扁谷盗成虫72 h后的LD5o分别为28.21、23.51和19.23 μg/cm2,触杀效果依次为:石油醚提取物＞乙酸乙酯提取物＞甲醇提取物.提取物的剂量越高,其驱避作用越大;在各提取物剂量为123.46 μg/cm2时,对长角扁谷盗处理72 h后的平均驱避率以乙酸乙酯提取物最高,达73.22％,驱避等级为Ⅳ级.     

臭椿树皮提取物对玉米象和杂拟谷盗成虫的控制作用

采用索氏提取法,利用无水乙醚作为有机溶剂提取臭椿树皮提取物,并研究其在一定浓度下对重要储粮害虫玉米象和杂拟谷盗的驱避、触杀、熏蒸和种群抑制作用.结果表明,臭椿树皮提取物对玉米象成虫的驱避作用强于对杂拟谷盗成虫的驱避作用,且随着处理时间增加驱避作用均显著下降.臭椿树皮提取物对玉米象和杂拟谷盗成虫具有较强的触杀作用和熏蒸作用,在1.5μL/cm2的处理浓度下处理72 h后触杀作用校正死亡率分别达到80.6%和88.9%,熏蒸作用校正死亡率分别为83.2%和96.8%.臭椿树皮提取物对玉米象和杂拟谷盗具有较强的种群抑制作用,对二者的当代种群抑制率均达到100%,对二者的子代种群抑制率分别达到96.2%和100%.     

胡芦巴不同溶剂粗提物对两种储粮害虫的驱避和触杀活性

为开发环境和谐的植物性杀虫剂,以乙醇、乙酸乙酯、丙酮、氯仿、石油醚为溶剂采用温浸回流法对胡芦巴Trigonella foenum-graecum L.种子中的生物活性物质进行提取;并以主要储粮害虫杂拟谷盗Tribolium confusum du Val、谷蠹 Rhyzopertha dominica Fbricius成虫为试验对象,采用滤纸药膜法对胡芦巴5种溶剂粗提物进行驱避、触杀活性测定.结果表明:5种溶剂粗提物对杂拟谷盗的驱避作用均优于对谷蠹的作用:在各粗提物剂量为1.6 μg/cm2时,对杂拟谷盗处理7 d后的平均驱避率均超过80%,驱避等级为Ⅴ级,其中丙酮粗提物效果最好.但5种溶剂粗提物对谷蠹的触杀作用却均优于对杂拟谷盗的作用:处理72 h后,乙醇、乙酸乙酯、丙酮、氯仿粗提物对谷蠹成虫的LD50依次为0.112、0.102、0.106、0.100 mg/cm2,石油醚粗提物的触杀活性相对较差;乙醇、乙酸乙酯、氯仿粗提物用0.91 mg/cm2剂量处理72 h后,杂拟谷盗成虫的平均死亡率分别为95.56%、72.22%、87.78%;丙酮、石油醚粗提物用1.04 mg/cm2剂量处理72 h后,杂拟谷盗成虫的平均死亡率分别为57.78%和53.33%.     

鸡骨柴挥发油及其主要组分γ-萜品烯对赤拟谷盗成虫和幼虫的防治作用

本研究分析了鸡骨柴挥发油及其主要组分γ-萜品烯对赤拟谷盗成虫和幼虫的防治作用。通过触杀、熏蒸和驱避试验评价鸡骨柴挥发油及γ-萜品烯对赤拟谷盗成虫和幼虫的生物活性。结果显示，鸡骨柴挥发油及γ-萜品烯对赤拟谷盗成虫具有明显的触杀活性（LD50 = 26.64和33.04 μg/头）和熏蒸活性（LC50 = 32.16和16.94 mg/L-1）。鸡骨柴挥发油对赤拟谷盗幼虫触杀和熏蒸活性均弱于成虫（LD50和LC50分别为111.72 μg/头和78.25 mg/L-1）。驱避活性测试中，在5 mg/ml测试浓度下，鸡骨柴挥发油对赤拟谷盗成虫和幼虫驱避作用显著，驱避率值分别达到100%和90%以上。γ-萜品烯对赤拟谷盗成虫和幼虫未表现出驱避活性及对赤拟谷盗幼虫未表现出触杀和熏蒸活性。鸡骨柴挥发油及其主要组分γ-萜品烯对赤拟谷盗具有一定的防治作用。     

水菖蒲水提物对谷蠹和玉米象的触杀活性

为开发绿色环保、价格低廉的水剂提供理论依据,采用药膜法研究了水菖蒲根茎水提物对谷蠹、玉米象成虫的触杀活性.结果表明:水菖蒲根茎水提物对谷蠹、玉米象成虫均具有较强的触杀活性,并且对谷蠹成虫的触杀活性明显强于其对玉米象成虫的触杀活性,对谷蠹成虫0.46mg/cm2处理4 d后校正死亡率就达到100.0%,而对玉米象成虫1.50 mg/cm2处理4 d后校正死亡率达到90.8%.处理4 d后对谷蠹、玉米象成虫的毒力回归方程及LD50分别为:谷蠹y=3.17+5.45 x,0.26 mg/cm2;玉米象y=-0.36+9.50 x,1.09 mg/cm2.     

毛莲蒿挥发油对赤拟谷盗成虫的活性研究

研究毛莲蒿挥发油对常见储粮害虫赤拟谷盗成虫的生物活性.采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取毛莲蒿挥发油并通过触杀、熏蒸和驱避3种测试方法对生物活性进行评价.结果表明,毛莲蒿挥发油对赤拟谷盗成虫表现出较强的触杀活性(LD50=30.63 μg/头)和熏蒸活性(LC50=7.91 mg/L);此外,在高测试体积分数78.63 nL/cm2...     

土荆芥挥发油对谷蠹和米象的熏蒸、触杀与驱避活性

研究土荆芥挥发油对谷蠹和米象的熏蒸、触杀与驱避活性。采用密闭熏蒸法、点滴法和滤纸扩散法对谷蠹和米象的熏蒸、触杀与驱避活性进行了测定。土荆芥挥发油对谷蠹和米象熏蒸活性的LC50 值分别为1.07 、0.56mg/L;触杀活性LD50的值分别为16.09 、9.62μg/头。在最大浓度为58.975 ??g/cm2时,处理2 h和4 h,土荆芥挥发油对谷蠹的驱避率分别为64%和82%,对米象的驱避率分别为33%和55%。土荆芥挥发油对谷蠹和米象两种仓储害虫具有良好的熏蒸、触杀与驱避活性。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press