T10A钢激光相变硬化组织与性能研究

采用激光加工机对T10A钢表面进行激光相变硬化处理,并对硬化层进行组织、性能表征。结果表明:硬化区组织为针状马氏体+少量残余奥氏体;过渡区为半马氏体+珠光体+网状渗碳体。硬化层显微硬度最高值为1219.3 HV1,比基体提高5倍。硬化层表面耐磨性分析表明,当功率为800 W、扫描速度为6 mm/s时耐磨性最佳,磨损率为13.11 mg/cm2。     

激光相变硬化工艺参数对40Cr组织性能的影响

利用无氦横流CO_2激光加工机对40Cr表面进行激光相变硬化处理,并采用金相显微镜(OM)、显微硬度计、滑动摩擦磨损试验机和恒电位仪研究了不同工艺参数下硬化层的显微组织及性能.结果表明:相变硬化区的组织为细小的针状马氏体+残余奥氏体,过渡区组织为回火马氏体+残余奥氏体+铁素体+碳化物;40Cr经过激光相变硬化处理后,硬度、耐磨性和耐蚀性均显著提高.     

激光淬火处理后半高速钢的组织及性能

采用横流CO₂激光器对半高速钢5Cr5MoSiV表面进行了激光淬火试验,并对淬硬层组织及性能做了研究。结果表明,半高速钢激光淬火层主要分为4个区域：完全淬火区,不完全淬火区,过渡区和基体。完全淬火区的显微组织为马氏体+残留奥氏体+少量碳化物。淬硬层显微硬度比基体显微硬度提高了1.5倍。激光功率与扫描速率的改变对淬火后的表面硬度影响较小,但功率或扫描速率的改变会对淬硬层深度产生明显影响。     

45钢激光束扫描数值模拟与组织性能北大核心CSCD

利用有限元软件ANSYS对激光束扫描试样的温度场进行数值模拟,研究其温度分布规律。研究激光束扫描对试样显微组织和性能的影响,探讨激光功率和扫描速度等工艺参数对相变硬化层组织性能的影响。采用光学显微镜分析45钢激光相变硬化区的显微组织,用显微硬度计进行硬度测量。结果表明:45钢经激光束扫描后,硬化层的显微组织为针状或板条状的马氏体,组织更加均匀、细小,试样表面硬度最高可达57.5 HRC,相比调质处理提高约1倍,激光扫描区域组织沿深度方向上成梯度分布规律,从表层往深度方向依次为相变硬化区、过渡区和基体。激光工艺参数对硬化层显微组织和性能有较大的影响,相变硬化层的深度和宽度随着激光功率的增加而增加,随着扫描速度的增加而减小;硬化层的截面硬度随着激光功率和扫描速度的增加呈现先增加后减小的变化规律。     

40Cr激光熔凝硬化组织形态及性能研究

利用CO2轴流激光加工机对40Cr钢表面进行激光熔凝硬化处理.利用扫描电镜、显微硬度计、磨损试验机和盐雾试验机研究了不同工艺下熔凝硬化层显微组织及性能.实验表明,熔凝硬化层由熔化区、相变硬化区和热影响区组成:由表及里组织分别为极细小的马氏体 残余奥氏体、针状马氏体 碳化物 残余奥氏体、回火马氏体 残余奥氏体 铁素体十碳化物:扫描速度越小,硬化层越深;经过激光熔凝硬化处理的40Cr耐磨性以及耐蚀性都有较明显的提高.     

45钢激光束扫描数值模拟与组织性能

利用有限元软件ANSYS对激光束扫描试样的温度场进行数值模拟,研究其温度分布规律。研究激光束扫描对试样显微组织和性能的影响,探讨激光功率和扫描速度等工艺参数对相变硬化层组织性能的影响。采用光学显微镜分析45钢激光相变硬化区的显微组织,用显微硬度计进行硬度测量。结果表明:45钢经激光束扫描后,硬化层的显微组织为针状或板条状的马氏体,组织更加均匀、细小,试样表面硬度最高可达57.5 HRC,相比调质处理提高约1倍,激光扫描区域组织沿深度方向上成梯度分布规律,从表层往深度方向依次为相变硬化区、过渡区和基体。激光工艺参数对硬化层显微组织和性能有较大的影响,相变硬化层的深度和宽度随着激光功率的增加而增加,随着扫描速度的增加而减小;硬化层的截面硬度随着激光功率和扫描速度的增加呈现先增加后减小的变化规律。     

旋转磁场辅助激光相变硬化层的组织和耐磨性能

采用激光相变硬化辅助旋转磁场工艺对45钢进行表面硬化处理,通过对硬化层的显微组织和XRD表征,研究旋转磁场对硬化层显微组织和物相结构的影响。结果表明:外加旋转磁场可降低激光相变硬化过程中的内应力,进而减少显微裂纹的产生,同时能降低马氏体激活能,促使奥氏体转变为马氏体,材料的显微硬度较未施加旋转磁场前提高1.2倍,磨损量仅为未施加磁场时的0.77倍,耐磨性得到显著提高。     

40Cr激光熔凝硬化组织形态及硬度研究

利用CO2轴流激光加工机对40Cr钢表面进行激光熔凝硬化处理.利用扫描电子显微镜、金相显微镜和显微硬度计研究了不同工艺下熔凝硬化层及基体的显微组织和硬度分布特征.实验表明:熔凝硬化层由熔化区、相变硬化区和热影响区组成;由表及里组织分别为极细隐晶马氏体 少量残余奥氏体、隐晶马氏体 碳化物 残余奥氏体、马氏体 回火屈氏体 铁素体.硬化层最高硬度约是基体的3倍;随着扫描速度的增加表层硬度先增加后减小,当扫描速度为2.5 m/min时,表层硬度最大,为1097.9 HK.     

回火4340钢的激光相变硬化

使用1.8KW固定激光功率的CO_2激光器,用5—10mm/s的扫描速度,硬化AISI4340钢试样的表面。分析了扫描速度和合金的回火处理对硬度分布曲线和激光硬化区显微组织的影响。硬化区的显微组织主要由板条和孪生马氏体组成。也发现了自回火马氏体,它取决于扫描速度。在激光处理试样的相变区,观察到在马氏体上分布着具有奥氏体壳层的部分溶解碳化物和(或)奥氏体小岛。激光处理期间,碳化物完全溶入奥氏体所需要的时间取决于回火条件。如果合金的回火温度较低,则硬度曲线中得到的硬化区较深,相变区较窄。以奥氏体中碳的扩散距离为基础,对硬度曲线作了简单的数学估算。计算结果与相变硬化区过程中测定的硬度曲线以及观察到的显微组织是完全相符的。     

光纤激光淬火对凸轮用45钢表面磨损性能的影响

为了提升凸轮表面耐磨性,采用YLS-4000型光纤激光器通过不同的激光功率对基体材料45钢表面进行激光淬火。通过SEM观察激光淬火前后材料表面和界面形貌,金相显微镜观察组织形貌,通过HVS-1000A型显微硬度仪测试了试样表面硬度,并测试了试样的摩擦因数和磨损形貌。结果表明:淬火层界面显微组织为淬火马氏体及少量残余奥氏体,在激光功率1 000~1 800 W时分别获得淬硬层深度为0.3~0.8mm的单道热影响区;淬硬层硬度分布基本均匀,平均硬度约为547~765HV,比基体硬度提高了2~3倍,激光淬火后组织细化和形成大量马氏体是硬度提高的主要原因;在一定激光功率范围内(1 200~1 800 W),激光淬硬层的抗磨损性能比基体有较大的提升,且当激光功率为1 600 W时能获得最佳的磨损性能。     

激光淬火对高速动车组EA4T车轴钢组织和性能的影响

为提高EA4T车轴钢的表面硬度和耐磨性能,采用激光淬火对调质态车轴进行表面改性。利用扫描电镜、显微硬度计、纳米压痕仪等对激光淬火层的微观组织、相变层深度和硬度进行了详细的表征。结果表明:EA4T车轴钢表面经过不同工艺激光淬火后,相变层内的淬火组织主要由细小的板条马氏体和粒状贝氏体组成,其深度根据工艺不同从100 μm到800 μm不等,并呈现随淬火功率的增加和扫描速度减小,相变层深度逐渐增加的趋势。淬火相变层区域内,车轴钢的显微硬度基本保持在450 HV0.2左右,约为基体硬度的2倍,耐磨性显著提高。由于淬火道次之间搭接的原因,淬火层呈现波形分布,其中波谷马氏体含量高于波峰位置,因此其硬度明显高于波峰处。     

On the laser quenching of the groove of the piston head in large diesel engines

The service life of piston heads and the stability of large diesel engines are remarkably affected by the wear resistance of the groove of the piston head. Unfortunately, conventional high-frequency quenching methods result in several deleterious effects that may impair the antifriction and wear properties of the groove of the piston head. Excellent wear resistance characteristics may be achieved provided the groove surface is properly surface treated. Laser surface quenching is a new candidate technique. A 2 kW CW CO₂ laser was employed for the laser quenching of the groove of the piston head in large diesel engines. The hardness and depth of the laser quenched layer reached 750 HV and 0.59 mm, respectively. The microstructure of the quenched layer is composed of martensite and retained austenite. Wear tests were performed using laser quenching and high-frequency quenching samples, and wear resistance was compared by using a method of mass loss. The results show that the wear resistances of laser quenched samples are 1.3x higher than that resulting from the high-frequency quenching method. Practical application of laser quenched piston heads in diesel power plants indicate that it is an effective way to prolong the service life of the piston head in large diesel engines.     

激光离散淬火钢轨的滚动接触疲劳磨损性能

采用激光离散处理对钢轨表面进行了强化,旨在提高钢轨的使用寿命。研究了3种不同分布形式的激光离散淬火工艺,利用滚动接触疲劳磨损试验机测定了钢轨的疲劳磨损性能,并对磨损表面形貌、截面形貌以及磨损机理进行了分析。结果表明:未处理钢轨试样表面发生塑性变形和疲劳剥落,产生严重的波磨,磨损量1.102 g;激光离散淬火强化后,波磨消失,磨损量显著降低,但是在试样边缘和淬火区界面有裂纹产生;当淬火区以间隔1 mm、倾斜60°分布时,试样中心的界面裂纹得到有效控制,磨损量最低,相比未处理试样减少了63%;通过缩小淬火区间隔,增大淬火区倾斜角度,可以有效提高激光离散淬火层的裂纹抗性和磨损性能。     

50CrV钢螺丝刀刃口的激光淬火工艺优化与组织性能特征

为提高螺丝刀头刃口硬度与耐磨性,延长其使用寿命,在已做激光淬火薄壁件预试验基础上,采用大功率光纤耦合半导体激光器于螺丝刀刃口上进行激光淬火试验。利用光学显微镜、显微硬度计、摩擦磨损试验仪等试验测试仪器,分析刃口激光淬火区域组织形态特征、显微硬度及耐磨损性能,确定螺丝刀刃口激光淬火可行的工艺参数。试验结果表明:激光淬火后刃口由完全淬透区、过渡区、基材3部分组成,完全淬透区显微组织为针状马氏体与残留奥氏体,过渡区由马氏体与回火索氏体组成。刃口激光淬火合理工艺参数为激光功率600 W、扫描速度900 mm/min。激光淬火后刃口截面平均硬度为805.7 HV0.3,相对淬火前提高了177.4 HV0.3,表层硬度值达到816.7 HV0.3,相对淬火前提高了188.4 HV0.3。淬火后刃口表面磨损量为0.5 mg,为基材磨损量的27.8%,稳定摩擦因数为0.25,为基材稳定摩擦因数的65.8%。激光淬火工艺能有效提高螺丝刀刃口的显微硬度与耐磨性,可用于螺丝刀刃口表面性能强化。     

Wear resistance properties of austempered ductile iron

A detailed review of wear resistance properties of austempered ductile iron (ADI) was undertaken to examine the potential applications of this material for wear parts, as an alternative to steels, alloyed and white irons, bronzes, and other competitive materials. Two modes of wear were studied: adhesive (frictional) dry sliding and abrasive wear. In the rotating dry sliding tests, wear behavior of the base material (a stationary block) was considered in relationship to countersurface (steel shaft) wear. In this wear mode, the wear rate of ADI was only one-fourth that of pearlitic ductile iron (DI) grade 100-70-03; the wear rates of aluminum bronze and leaded-tin bronze, respectively, were 3.7 and 3.3 times greater than that of ADI. Only quenched DI with a fully martensitic matrix slightly outperformed ADI. No significant difference was observed in the wear of steel shafts running against ADI and quenched DI. The excellent wear performance of ADI and its countersurface, combined with their relatively low friction coefficient, indicate potential for dry sliding wear applications. In the abrasive wear mode, the wear rate of ADI was comparable to that of alloyed hardened AISI 4340 steel, and approximately one-half that of hardened medium-carbon AISI 1050 steel and of white and alloyed cast irons. The excellent wear resistance of ADI may be attributed to the strain-affected transformation of high-carbon austenite to martensite that takes place in the surface layer during the wear tests.     

45#钢表面激光合金化NiCr-Al2O3涂层的组织及耐磨性能研究

目的提高平模制粒机中平模的耐磨性能。方法采用激光合金化技术在45#钢表面制备不同比例混合的NiCr-Al_2O_3合金化层。利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)及附带的能谱仪(EDS)分析了合金化层的物相组成和显微组织,用FM-700自动显微硬度仪测量合金化层的硬度变化规律,用屏显式磨损试验机研究测试了合金化层的耐磨性能。结果合金化层主要由马氏体组成,且弥散分布着不同数量的未熔Al_2O_3颗粒,热影响区由马氏体和残余奥氏体组成。激光合金化层的主要物相为奥氏体和马氏体,Al_2O_3含量越多,马氏体相越多,而奥氏体相越少。合金化层的厚度约为0.9 mm,表面硬度大约是基材的2.4倍,表面耐磨性是基材的6倍以上。在一定范围内,合金化层中Al_2O_3颗粒的含量越高,平均显微硬度越大且更加均匀,耐磨性越好。热影响区的硬度变化均匀,起到了很好的过渡作用。磨损机理主要是犁削磨损,Al_2O_3颗粒的存在可以减少磨粒对基体的犁削作用。结论在45#钢表面激光合金化NiCr-Al_2O_3混合涂层可以有效提高基体表面的硬度和耐磨性,Al_2O_3颗粒含量达30%时可以获得高硬度、高耐磨性且均匀的合金化层。     

边界润滑条件下18Cr2Ni4WA钢的摩擦诱发马氏体相变及其耐磨特性的研究

用18Cr2Ni4WA钢,经渗碳、淬火和冷处理,以获得不同残留奥氏体含量的试样,进行了与T10钢金属盘对磨的边界润滑磨损试验研究.结果表明,磨损过程中确实存在摩擦诱发马氏体相变,且碳含量低的残留奥氏体较碳含量高的残留奥氏体更易发生诱发相变;摩擦诱发马氏体对提高材料的耐磨性是有利的,而残留奥氏体对耐磨性的影响却存在一个临界应力σc;当外加应力＞σc时,残留奥氏体对提高材料的耐磨性有利;当外加应力＜σc时,残留奥氏体对提高材料的耐磨性不利,并且当残留奥氏体和外加应力搭配适当时,耐磨性可达最高值.     

On The Enhancement of Wear Resistance of Hardened Carbon Tool Steel （AISI 1095） With Cryogenic Quenching

Many experimental investigations reveal that it is very difficult to have a completely martensitic structure by any hardening process. Some amount of austenite is generally present in the hardened steel. This austenite existing along with martensite is normally referred as the retained austenite. The presence of retained austenite greatly reduces the mechanical properties and such steels do not develop maximum hardness even after cooling at rates higher than the critical cooling rates.Strength can be improved in hardened steels containing retained austenite by a process known as cryogenic quenching.Untransformed austenite is converted into martensite by this treatment. This conversion of retained austenite into martensite results in increased hardness, wear resistance and dimensional stability of steel. Wear can be defined as the progressive loss of materials from the operating surface of a body occurring as a result of relative motion at the surface. Hardness, load,speed, surface roughness, temperature are the major factors which influences wear. Many studies on wear indicate that increasing hardness decreases the wear of a material. With this in mind, to study the surface wear on a surface modified (Cryogenic treated) steel material an attempt has been made in this paper. In this study as a Part -I Hardening was carried out on carbon tool steel (AISI 1095) of different L/D ratio with conventional quenchants like purified water, aqueous solution and Hot mineral oil. As a Part -II hardening was followed by quenching was carried out as said in Part- I and the hardened specimen were quenched in liquid Nitrogen which is at sub zero condition. The specimens were tested for its microstructure, hardness and wear loss. The results were compared and analyzed. The alloying elements increases the content of retained austenite hence the material used was AISI 1095 (Carbon 0.9%, Si 0.2%, Mn0.4% and the rest Iron)     

激光功率对40CrNiMoA钢表面淬火组织和摩擦磨损性能的影响

采用不同激光功率在卷取机卷筒主轴40CrNiMoA钢基材表面进行了激光淬火试验,利用体视显微镜、光学显微镜、显微硬度计和立式万能摩擦磨损试验机等观察和测试试样横截面的宏观组织、表面显微组织、激光相变硬化区的显微硬度和摩擦磨损性能。结果表明:3种不同功率下的激光淬火试样表层组织均得到不同程度的细化,其硬度、摩擦磨损性能较基体均有所提升。其中,当功率为1600 W时,在试样截面能够明显观察到相变硬化区。此时,试样的表层组织最为细致,由细小的针状马氏体、少量残留奥氏体和弥散分布的细小碳化物组成,其表面硬度可达640.3~706.8 HV0.2,约为基体硬度的2.8倍。同时,摩擦因数稳定在0.40~0.60之间,与基体相比降低了50%左右;磨损量1.3 mg,仅为基体的36.1%。在光斑尺寸12 mm×2 mm,扫描速度v=20 mm/s的试验条件下,采用1600 W激光功率对40CrNiMoA钢进行表面激光淬火,得到的试样组织和摩擦磨损性能最优。